Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences
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Bioinformatic Analysis Strategy in Restriction Enzyme Selection for Indonesian Panulirus homarus Identification by PCR-RFLP
Full text linkThe spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) is a valuable fishery commodity in Indonesia, particularly in its juvenile life form. However, identifying the early life forms of the spiny lobster can be challenging, as it exhibits similar morphological features compared to the juveniles of other Panilurid lobsters. Molecular-based identification, specifically DNA sequencing, is the best method for species identification, but it requires advanced instruments and is costly. An alternative method is proposed here, using the PCR-RFLP technique, which is low-cost, rapid, and has standard instrumentation requirements. The challenge with this method is selecting the appropriate restriction enzyme to determine the targeted species’ identity. This study proposes using the REfind (https://github.com/indriatmoko07/REfind), R package to select the best restriction enzyme for identifying P. homarus, applicable to other species. The bioinformatics workflow used in this study successfully identified BseSI or BmgI as the most suitable restriction enzymes among 739 restriction enzymes to differentiate P. homarus from other Panilurid species. This result was validated by employing a wet lab test using the BseSI enzyme and successfully validated the bioinformatics result. These findings may be useful for biologists in conducting various studies that require rapid, low-cost, and identification of specific species in the future
Characterizing Earthquake Source Parameters and b Value Variations in Subduction and Fault Segments: Implications for Seismic Hazard Analysis
Full text linkEarthquake sources in Aceh have distinct characteristics. Understanding the seismic characteristics of each earthquake source is crucial for comprehending earthquake cycles and assessing seismic hazards. A key parameter in characterizing an earthquake source is the b-value, which indicates the relationship between the number of earthquakes and their magnitudes, influenced by the magnitude of completeness (Mc). The present study analyzed the seismic characteristics of two subduction zone segments and sixteen fault segments using the least squares method on selected earthquake data specific to each segment. The analysis revealed that the b-value ranged from 0.5 to 0.6 in the subduction zone segments and from 0.3 to 1.0 in the fault segments. These variances in b‑value reflect the different seismic characteristics of the earthquake sources that shape the tectonic settings in Aceh. A lower b-value signifies an elastic zone capable of holding higher stress levels, whereas a higher b-value indicates a brittle zone that can only withstand lower stress levels
Conditioned Medium of IGF1-Induced Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Effects on Sox9 Gene Expression and Level of COL2 and IL1β in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes
Full text linkWharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) hold promises for treating osteoarthritis (OA) due to their great capacity for regeneration and their accessibility. However, obstacles like poor cell survival and differentiation prevent them from being used in transplants. Thus, this study examined WJMSCs’ Conditioned Medium (CM) (WJMSCs-CM) for OA treatment. In order to determine how well IL1β-induced chondrocyte cells (IL1β-CHON002) heal OA-damaged cells, they were treated with both IGF1-induced and uninduced WJMSCs-CM. Key parameters measured were IL1β, Sox9 and COL2. The STRING database was explored to evaluate the proteins contained in WJMSCs-CM and to see their interactions and CM potential in OA exposure. The STRING database indicates WJMSCs-CM to possess the ability to manage OA because of the growth factors they contain, which raise the expression of cartilage marker genes. The results indicated that 15% WJMSCs-CM with 150 ng/mL IGF1 had the highest Sox9 expression, significant reduction in pro-inflammatory mediators, and an increase in COL2 levels. Additionally, 14 days of treatment resulted in better outcomes compared to 7 days. CM from WJMSCs treated with IGF1 with a concentration of 15% exhibited the highest level for each parameter. Both durations showed difference across parameters, highlighting the potential for OA therapy
Hydrolysis Optimization and In Vitro Anti-aging Effect of Cihateup Duck Eggshell Membrane
Full text linkAn altered skin morphology and physiology are the most evident signs of increasing age in humans. These changes may affect pivotal skin functions. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is an egg byproduct that is regarded as waste. Nonetheless, studies have shown its beneficial effect in preventing dermal aging. Currently, only chicken ESM has been extensively studied and is commercially available. Our study explored the potential of duck ESM, which has been overlooked. We examined the use of Cihateup duck (Anas platyrhynchos Javanica) eggshell membrane hydrolysate (ESMH) in anti-aging skincare products. Enzymatic hydrolysate of ESM was obtained by varying the papain and sodium sulfite concentrations. The optimum concentrations were used for further analysis, i.e., hyaluronic acid content, amino acid composition, antioxidant activity, and collagenase inhibition activity. The result showed that 60 U/mg of papain and 30 mM of sodium sulfite yielded a total protein of 80.18±1.47 mg/g for duck ESMH and 71.41±2.13 mg/g for chicken ESMH. In addition, duck ESMH showed higher hyaluronic acid content and different amino acid composition than chicken. Duck ESMH also showed the highest collagenase inhibition activity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that duck ESMH holds great promise for anti-aging skincare, offering better activity than chicken ESMH
Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Finishing of Cotton Fabric Using Carnauba Wax and Biosilica Nanoparticles with a Layer-by-layer Deposition Method
Full text linkHydrophobic surface modification has great potential for applications in everyday life, particularly in textiles such as sportswear, health, protection, and other non-clothing textiles. Improving water repellence and high-level hydrophobicity in textile materials has so far been difficult to achieve with chemicals other than PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) due to environmental and health concerns. In this research, biosilica nanoparticles from rice husk ash (RHA) and carnauba wax were deposited alternately using a layer-by-layer (LBL) method to create a surface with a combination of nanoscale roughness and hydrophobicity resembling the lotus effect. Chitosan was used to cationize the surface of cotton fibre and bridge the negatively charged nanobiosilica particles and carnauba wax. The hydrophobicity increased with the number of layers of nanosilica-chitosan-wax (SNP/CHI/SCW), reaching a contact angle of 140.2° (close to superhydrophobic) with three layers of SNP/CHI/SCW, followed by decreased air permeability from 19.4 cm3/cm2/s for untreated cotton to 13.3 cm3/cm2/s for treated cotton, with a total decrease of 31.44%. Cotton fabric was successfully modified from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic using an LBL coating of RHA silica nanoparticles and carnauba wax
Mineralogy and Provenance of Titanium-Vanadium Bearing Iron Sand Deposits from Purworejo-Kebumen, and Cilacap, Central Java
Full text linkThis research aimed to find out the provenance, paleo weathering, tectonic environment, sediment maturity, and economic value of beach sand deposits in two study areas. The study areas were located on south coast of Purworejo-Kebumen and Cilacap, respectively. Ten representative samples were collected by hand auger and dried to reduce their water content, manually separating the magnetite concentrate using a 300-gauss magnet. The mineral composition and fraction were observed using a binocular microscope. Major oxide and trace elements concentrations were measured using the X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry methods, respectively. The mineral assemblage consisted of pyroxene, amphibole, heavy minerals (hematite, ilmenite, and magnetite) and the light minerals found were quartz, plagioclase, and lithic fragments. The geochemical plot showed that all samples could be classified as greywacke, derived from mafic igneous provenance and were tectonically formed within an arc setting. The Chemical Index of Alteration showed an intensity of weathering as expected from tropical climates with weak weathering and the sediments are close to their source rock location. Fe2O3 had a positive correlation with TiO2 and V2O5; the iron sand from both areas has potential to be extracted, with iron, titanium, and vanadium as main commodities
Carbon Nanodots as Complexing Agent in the Formation of Lead(II) Sulfide Thin Films via Direct Deposition of Lead(II) Sulfide Powder
Full text linkThis study reveals for the first time the formation of lead(II) sulfide (PbS) thin films via direct deposition of PbS powder using carbon nanodots (Cdots) as a complexing agent. The chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique was utilized and the Cdots’ mass was varied, i.e., (in g) 3, 5, 7, and 9. The Cdots were prepared from the waste of a rice noodle production home industry via the low-temperature carbonization method. The Cdots were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, showing absorption peaks at 275 nm and 325 nm; PL, showing an emission peak at 500 nm with cyan luminescence; XRD, showing several peaks, indicating an incomplete carbonization process; FTIR, indicating the existence of C=C, C-H, C-O, and O-H functional groups; HRTEM, revealing the sizes of the Cdots in the range of 2 nm to 6 nm; and SEM, showing a smooth morphology of the Cdots’ surface. The thin films obtained were smooth with higher XRD peaks and better material distribution compared to pure PbS thin film. The band gap measurement indicated that the increase of the PbS band gap was caused by the increase of the Cdots’ mass. Hence, the thin films’ band gap may be tuned using the Cdots’ mass
Shallow S-wave Velocity Profile Estimation using Surface Velocity and Microtremor HVSR with a Linear Velocity Increase Approach
Full text linkWe propose a simple method for 1D S-wave velocity (Vs) profile estimation using a measured surface S-wave velocity (V1) and peak frequency of the observed microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR). In this method, the S-wave velocity profile is presented as linear velocity increase with depth in sediments over a bedrock layer that has a given constant S-wave velocity. Thus, the profile can be parameterized with the measured surface S-wave velocity and the velocity gradient. The gradient can be estimated based on the agreement of the peak frequencies of the observed microtremor HVSR and the theoretical ellipticity of the fundamental mode of the Rayleigh wave. We examined the applicability of the proposed method using numerical tests as well as application to actual data at five sites in the Bandung Basin, Indonesia, where observed Rayleigh wave phase velocities from microtremor array surveys were available. The applicability was confirmed in numerical tests using sample models of soil profiles in the basin. Actual application indicated the appropriateness of the estimated S-wave velocity profiles due to the similarity of their theoretical Rayleigh wave phase velocities with the observed Rayleigh wave phase velocities. Since the proposed method needs prior confirmation of the linear increase of the S-wave velocity, it is suitable for use in spatial interpolation of shallow S-wave velocity profiles with simple data acquisition
Modelling the Impact of Decomposed Disease-Induced Dead Cashew Plants on Fusarium Wilt Dynamics in South-Eastern Tanzania
Full text linkCashew Fusarium wilt disease transmitted by Fusarium oxysporum is dangerous and destroys many cashew plants in Tanzania. The effect of this disease leads households and the government to experience a decrease in overall cashew production and income due to this disease’s capacity to harm cashew plants. This study aimed to ascertain the role of Fusarium wilt-decayed disease-induced dead plants in spreading the disease among cashew plants. A mathematical model was created based on the dynamics of the disease and a stability analysis was conducted using theories of ordinary differential equations. Data from two regions in Tanzania, Lindi, and Mtwara, were used in model fitting and parameter estimation. Additionally, the parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). The outcome suggests that the disease’s prevalence and spread increase during an outbreak as decomposed diseased-induced dead plants contribute to the saturation of chlamydospores in the soil
The Modified Double Sampling Coefficient of Variation Control Chart
Full text linkThe concept of monitoring the coefficient of variation has gained significant interest in quality control, particularly in situations where the mean and standard deviation of a process are not constant. This study modified the procedure of the previous double sampling chart for monitoring the coefficient of variation, developed by Ng et al. in 2018. Instead of using only information from the second sample, here, information from both samples is used. The probability properties of the out-of-control signal and run length of this chart are presented. To evaluate the chart’s performance, the optimal design and a comparison with the previous double sampling control chart using average run-length criteria are described. It was found that the modified double sampling chart has better performance and is more efficient compared to the previous chart, especially when the total sample size is smaller. As a study case, the application of this chart is illustrated using real data from a molding process. This confirmed that the modified double sampling chart improved performance in detecting out-of-control signals. Thus, the modified chart is recommended to be applied in industry