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Policy Innovation in the Short Life of State Leadership
Get PDFTitle: Gender Gus Dur: Tonggak Kebijakan Kesetaraan Gender Era Presiden Abdurrahman WahidAuthor: Ashilly AchidstiPublisher: Gading PublishingEdition: First, 2021Number of Pages: 14
Mahathir Mohamad in Public Policy and Politics of Malaysia
Get PDFThis article deals with the political and social achievements, but also the shortcomings of Mahathir Mohamad as the long-term prime minister of Malaysia. Based on a thorough and critical literature review the authors discuss first Mahathir’s reaction to the financial crisis in 1997/98 and the upcoming reformasi movement. Then, they analyze the conditions for the re-emergence of Mahathir as opposition leader in the mid-2010s and his role in the surprising election victory of the Pakatan Harapan coalition in 2018. Mahathir, a charismatic leader in Malaysia during the 1980s and 1990s, has contributed an important role in the development and change of politics in Malaysia. The victory of the opposition coalition in the 2018 election would be hardly possible without him. His political comeback prior to the election made headlines in Malaysian media and raised high hopes for a more democratic Malaysia
The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Welfare Improvement in Indonesia: Study of Impact of Premium Assistance Beneficiaries on The National Health Insurance, Physical Special Allocation Fund for Health Sector, Education Sector, and Village Funds to Human Development Index
Get PDFOne of the objectives of the fiscal policy is to improve public welfare. Still, there are funding constraints to improve welfare in some countries. Therefore, fiscal management to increase welfare must be implemented efficiently and effectively. In this research, to improve welfare, the fiscal policy will be focused on health, education and community empowerment which are the components of the HDI. This research used quantitative method with regression equation to explain the impact of fiscal and social policy, in the form of Recipients of Health Insurance Contribution Assistance (Penerima Bantuan Iuran Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/ PBI JKN), physical special allocation found (Dana Alokasi Khusus/DAK) for health and education sector, village fund, region’s budget expenditure, locally generated revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah/PAD), and poverty level on human development index (HDI) improvement. The locus for this research is all regencies/cities in Indonesia that use panel data. The results of this research were divided into three findings. First, there were research variables with unidirectional results and significant improvement on HDI, which are physical DAK for the health and education sector, village funds, social expenditure, and PAD. Second, there were variables with unidirectional impact but it does not have a significant impact on the HDI improvement (i.e. PBI JKN). Third, there were variables with unidirectional and significant impact, such as personnel expenditure, material expenditure, capital expenditure, and poverty level
Women’s Resilience and Vulnerability in Facing COVID-19 in DKI Jakarta and East Java
Get PDFIndonesia ranks 23rd as the most COVID-19 confirmed cases in the world. DKI Jakarta and East Java provinces have the highest cases in Indonesia. However, data on the transmission of COVID-19 in both provinces were not further analyzed regarding vulnerability between genders. This research attempted to compare the differences in the gender distribution of COVID-19 cases by analyzing data from COVID-19 DKI Jakarta and East Java Task Force Information Center and various biological, medical, and socio-cultural studies to understand risk of women being exposed to COVID-19. The results of this research revealed that both provinces had a higher number of confirmed patients under surveillance (PDP), people under surveillance (ODP), and death cases in men than that of women. In DKI Jakarta, the number of recovered cases in men was higher than that of women, but in East Java it was not significantly different. Based on literature reviews, women were more resilience in manifestations of COVID-19 severity than that of men due to differences in ACE2 gene distribution and expression, hormones regulations, immune responses, comorbidities, and ages. However, data from socio-cultural literature reviews in both provinces showed women were vulnerable to be exposed to COVID-19 since many women performed as health workers, office workers, market traders, public transportation users, and did religious activities. Besides, women were vulnerable due to mental health condition, such as depression, anxiety, and special medical condition (e.g. being exposed to or infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy)
Dinamika Komposisi Penduduk: Dampak Potensial Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Demografi di Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aims to observe and analyze the development of trend of COVID 19 and its potential impact on changes in population composition based on age structure in Indonesia. Using Covid-19 cases data obtained from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and forecasting method by comparing several models, the study findings indicate that the trend shows increasing cases and will continue to rise as long as there is no intervention. Experimentally, the mortality cases dominated by the male and elderly population are the possible causes to the change in the composition of the population based on the age structure. Hence, it is necessary to immediately intervene it in the form of policies in health sector that are more appropriate to maintain the sustainability of Indonesia’s human resources since demographic dynamics, particularly in terms of sex, age structure, and health conditions, also have a significant macroeconomic implication
Sustainable Livelihood Conditions of Farm Worker Households around Baluran National Park: Case Study in Wonorejo, Indonesia
Get PDFFarm workers are a group that is vulnerable to poverty and depends on weather or climatic factors. However, this profession dominates one of the villages around the Baluran National Park of Indonesia, i.e., Wonorejo, Banyuputih Subdistrict, Situbondo District, East Java. The Baluran National Park is a natural resource conservation area with a savanna ecosystem that was established in March 1980 through the Deklarasi Lima Taman Nasional (Declaration of Five National Parks) of Indonesia. It has an area of 25,000 hectares located in Banyuputih Subdistrict, Situbondo District, East Java and includes t h ree villages, i.e., Wonorejo, Sumberwaru, and Sumberanyar. This study aimed to describe the sustainable livelihood conditions of farm worker households in Wonorejo. This study is a quantitative research through household surveys and is supported by in-depth interviews with expert informants. The results of this study confirmed that farm workers in Wonorejo had good access to five livelihood assets, i.e., natural, physical, human, social, and financial assets. They had also been able to survive without destroying the natural resources in Baluran National Park
Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics of Children Under Five Years of Age Suffering from Stunting in Magelang Regency, Indonesia
Get PDFThis study is set out to examine the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of stunted children under five years of age in Magelang Regency, Central Java Province. Indonesia. It used questionnaire surveys (structured interviews) to collect data on 266 heads of households with stunted children under-five that had been selected using a tiered sampling method, then analyzed the data in the SPPS program. Also, in-depth interviews were conducted with informants from these households and staff of community health center, Health Office, Social Office, and Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA), and the resulting data were processed and analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, conclusion withdrawal, and verification. The quantitative data were tested for validity using the statistical procedures provided in the SPSS program, while the qualitative data were examined for their reliability by the triangulation method. The results showed that the majority of stunted children under-five in the regency had normal birth weight and length, received a complete series of immunization, and were breastfed. Furthermore, about one-third of the mothers were employed, showing that many of the families observed are less stable economically. This study also found that parents still lacked the knowledge to recognize stunting in their children, about 80 percent of which did not realize that their children experienced impaired growth and development. Another finding is that government programs have reached 50 percent of families with stunted children under-five
Determinants of Commuter Worker Income in South Sulawesi during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Get PDFThe development and ease of access to transportation in South Sulawesi Province opens up opportunities for the workforce to work in areas that are administratively different from their residence as commuters. Commuter workers tend to increase every year. When Covid-19 hit the economy in Indonesia, te government issued various policies to suppress the spread of the Covid-19 virus. One of them is by implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) which was also adapted by the South Sulawesi Provincial Government. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on commuter workers is still not a concern, especially even though the restrictions on economic and social activities have a significant impact on the working hours and income of commuter workers. This study determines the factors that affect the income of commuter workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the results of the August 2020 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) data processing, it shows that the income received by commuter workers during the Covid-19 pandemic is influenced by the variables of working hours, business fields, employment status, policies for implementing Work from Home, education level and gender
Lingkungan Kampus menuju Pembiasaan Baru selama Kondisi Pandemi Covid-19
Get PDFAfter the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, the government issued a new policy of learning, working, and worshiping from home. This pandemic has created a crisis that has hit many sectors, one of which is education. Culture shock is a hot issue for teachers and students in facing this new educational situation. Learning using an E-learning system must be done without considering the existing limitations. The impact on tertiary institutions seems not to have been revealed much because it is often considered quite adaptive to the various changes that exist. This study used a quantitative approach with two times data collection, which is based on random sampling of all active students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, UNISBA and tracing the severe economic impacts on the student’s family environment using a survey instrument. The problems that dominate students are internet network, limited internet data, and the economic condition of the family in carrying out learning activities from home. This condition can open the possibility of an increase in the level of pressure focusing on learning and problems with the decline in the family economy
Changes in Cost Incurred by Indonesian Teachers for Online Training during Covid-19 Pandemic
Get PDFDue to Covid-19 transmission, the educational facilities in Indonesia were closed and teachers had to work from home (WFH). It caused face-to-face learning turn into online learning and online training. This study aimed to identify costs incurred by Indonesian teachers for online training during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data collection was carried out by distributing online questionnaires in Google forms to all teachers participating in the online training. Incoming responses were analyzed using SPSS version 26. The results explained that by having self- isolation at home, teachers used their free time to attend online learning. However, they had to pay extra to buy good internet services to properly attend the training. Before the Covid-19 transmission period, the highest internet cost per month was IDR 0-100,000. While during the Covid-19 pandemic, the highest internet expense per month was IDR 100,000-200,000. It was described by the number of respondents who reached 306 respondents (33.85%)