Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology
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294 research outputs found
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Development of Sour Flavored Noni Juice Using Lactic Acid Compound as a Fermentation Media and Optimation
Full text linkConventional noni juice production was placing ripe noni fruits into a juice collection vessel for two months or longer. During this time, the noni juice separates (drips) gradually from the pulp. Recent studies have shown that acid catalysts have advantages over conventional noni juice production. This method uses a lactic acid catalyst for the fermentation of noni fruit. The focus of this research is to optimize the effects of various concentrates of Aceh noni X1 (1020 ml), lactose from UHT (ultra-high temperature) milk, and Yakult as a source of Lactobacillus casei X2 (1025 ml) and X3 (2.510 ml). The response variables used were lactic acid levels (Y1, %) and protein levels (Y2, %). The influence of the three individual variables X1, X2, and X3 on the response variables Y1 and Y2 is significant at the 95% confidence level (0.05), but the interaction effect is not significant. Optimal conditions are carried out at the maximum design limits X1, minimum X2, minimum X3, maximum Y1, and maximum Y2 according to the consideration of material prices, and optimal conditions are achieved at each X1 = 20 ml, X2 = 10 ml, X3 = 15.26 ml, Y1 = 1.23% and Y2 = 2.31%, and desirability of 0.92. The lactic acid compound was a fermentation medium for the noni juice-making media. Thus, lactic acid can be believed to be a potentially promising catalyst for producing noni juice while providing economic opportunities and adding value to the noni plant industry
Study on Potential Carbon in Pocut Meurah Intan Forest Park, Aceh Province
Full text linkThe existence of forest park areas plays an essential role as carbon sequestration can reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Analysis of carbon potential is essential in determining the amount of available carbon potential. This study aims to analyze the carbon potential in the forest park area Pocut Meurah Intan Forest Park. The study used a descriptive method with the sampling technique of the path system. Data analysis and calculation of carbon potential using allometric equations to calculate the total biomass. Spatial analysis using Arc.GIS 10.4 software and the carbon content analysis was carried out using the ashing method. The results showed that the potential carbon stock of Pocut Meurah Intan Forest Park was 640,282 tons. The carbon potential is the carbon stored above the ground in the form of carbon from above-ground biomass (trees, poles, saplings, undergrowth) and organic matter (necromass and litter). The highest carbon potential was found in the secondary dryland forest land cover with a total of 555,204 tons or 167.6 tons ha1 , followed by shrubs of 78,949 tons or 33.3 tons ha -1 , and the lowest potential carbon stock was found in the open field of 303 tons or 2.8 tons ha-1 . The increase in land cover in secondary dryland forests causes increased carbon storage. The low potential for carbon stocks is due to land clearing and a small number of stands, resulting in a decrease in potential carbon stocks
Analysis of Slope Stability on Subulussalam - Lipat Kajang Road
Full text linkLandslides frequently occur on the Subulussalam Lipat Kajang road segment as a result of heavy rain that lasts for a long time. In addition to landslides, the Subulussalam area is vulnerable to earthquakes because it was once the site of a tectonic earthquake with a magnitude of 6.7 on the Richter scale. The extent of the destruction, as well as the number of victims, was caused by a lack of emergency planning. This research aims to see if the slope conditions are safe when subjected to an earthquake load and if appropriate handling methods can be found based on the soil characteristics at the research site. The slope is considered dangerous after being given an earthquake load of 1.044; according to the results of the safety factor value in the existing condition, sheet pile strengthening is required. The slope has been reinforced with sheet piles and is now in a safe state of 1,940
Developing a Spatial Mathematical Model for Assessing the Rate of Natural Forest Changes
Full text linkEstablishing a spatial mathematical model that uses diverse data types such as ratio data, interval data, and ordinal and nominal data is a challenge. This paper describes how the mathematical model of the rate of natural forest cover change was developed by considering the causes and/or driving forces that come from the society's biophysical and/or socioeconomic aspects. The main objective of this research is to establish a spatial mathematical model using the environmental and socioeconomic variables that play a significant role in determining the rate of natural forest cover change. From a number of variables considered in the analysis, coupled with any other reason, the rate of natural forest cover change (y), in units of ha per year), this study found that there are 10 potential variables, namely the proximity of the road (x4), the proximity of the river (x5), the proximity of the settlement (x6), proximity from the regency capital (x8), the proximity of the capital city of the district (x9), proximity of the edge of the forest in 2015 (x11), the proximity of the plantation area in 2009 (x12), the proximity of the plantation in 2015 (x13), slope class (x16), and elevation class (x17). The standardization process successfully transformed the non-ratio data type into a ratio data type. Using the standardized data, the study obtained spatially mathematical models that are reliable in estimating the rate of forest cover change, namely y = 0.017 + 0.00040x9 with SR of 17.3% and R2 is 88.0%. The study concludes that the most significant factor affecting the natural forest cover change in the study site is the proximity from sub-district capital (x9). Therefore, a spatial mathematical model can facilitate the government in monitoring forest cover
Drying Characteristics of Cacao Beans using Modified Solar Tunnel Dryer Type Hohenheim
Full text linkDrying cacao has been conducted by open-sun drying systems by farmers worldwide. To improve the cacao drying, the use of solar dryers can be applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drying characteristics of using a modified solar tunnel dryer type Hohenheim in drying cacao. As a comparison, the sun-drying method was also conducted. The parameters observed were temperature, relative humidity (RH), weight loss, moisture content, fat content, hardness, and drying rate. Results showed that the average temperature of the Hohenheim dryer was higher at about 10C than the ambient temperature. However, the Hohenheim dryer's drying temperature fluctuated due to the oscillation of solar irradiation. The drying process took time for 12h in 2 days. The humidity in the drying chamber was high, above 50%, representing that the dryer needed additional fans to improve its air circulation. The final moisture content of cacao dried using Hohenheim dryer and sun-drying was 12.7 and 17.4%, respectively. The drying rate of cacao dried using a Hohenheim dryer was double that of sun-drying. Therefore, the dryer can speed up the drying time and protect the cacao from contamination
Soil Chemical Properties and Nutrient Status on Various Land Slopes of Gayo Arabica Coffee Plantation, Aceh, Indonesia
Full text linkThe chemical and soil nutrients on different land slopes are intriguing and crucial to investigate since they constitute the most significant impediment in sustaining soil fertility in coffee plantations. The issue is whether the slope of the soil can impact the soil's nutrient and chemical characteristics. This study aimed to identify soil chemical characteristics and available nutrients on different slopes of Gayo Arabica coffee plantations. The study used a survey method on smallholder coffee plantations in 6 villages in Bandar District, Bener Meriah Regency, and 12 composite soil samples were taken for laboratory analysis. The determination of the research location and sample points was selected by purposive sampling, with the slope of the land serving as the independent variable and the chemical composition of the soil serving as the dependent variable. The results showed that C-organic, C/N ratio, and base saturation differed significantly at various land slopes, while pH, CEC, N, P, and K were not significantly different. The soil C/N ratio in Gayo coffee plantations is modest, and the amount of C-organic material decreases with increasing land slope. Soil base saturation in Gayo Coffee plantations is very low, where the highest values are found on land slopes of 8-15%. Nitrogen and potassium content are moderate, while Phosphate is very low. The amount of these three nutrients is not affected by the land slope
Mapping of Flood Inundation and Eco-hydraulic Analyses to Minimize Flood Discharge in Tributaries
Full text linkEco-hydraulic analyses begin with the arrangement of tributaries. This research aimed to minimize the discharge of flood run-off downstream by involving the community's participation in planting vegetation on the river border. An eco-hydraulic analysis is divided into two stages: calculating eco-hydraulic analysis on the existing border width and on the design border width of 100 m and calculating the inundation height and flow velocity. Minimizing flood discharge in tributaries is important because the maximum discharge in the downstream tributaries will affect the discharge in large rivers. The data needed are the cross-section of the river, the distance between the sections, Manning's roughness number, the return period flood discharge, and the river's slope. The integration between topographic maps, watersheds, and flood water levels can display areas potentially affected by inundation floods so that the flood inundation limits and flood inundation areas can be calculated. This research examined proper eco-hydraulics design so that it could reduce discharge, identify locations prone to flooding, and describe the magnitude of the flood impact quantitatively. Based on the study's results, it was found that the arrangement of river borders can provide benefits for flood control measures; this arrangement is the basis for determining river border lines. The results eco-hydraulic method obtained the design border width of 100 m, the condition before the existing river border arrangement was carried out, the inundation height was 0.30 1.13 m, and after the river border arrangement, the discharge could be reduced to 113.09 209 m3/s and the inundation height is 0 0.31 m. Based on the research results, it is known that border arrangements can provide benefits for flood control measures
Potential Use of Natural Zeolite and Green Shells in Biodiesel Production
Full text linkAs energy needs continue to rise in line with the use of fossil energy, which is difficult to renew, other alternative energy is needed to continue to meet current and future energy needs. One alternative energy that is easy to produce is biodiesel. One of the raw materials that is quite widely used and developed in making biodiesel is waste cooking oil. According to statistical data, Indonesia can produce waste cooking oil of 5.06 tons per year. Waste cooking oil contains free fatty acids that can be processed into biodiesel using the help of heterogeneous catalysts. One source of heterogeneous catalysts that can be used is CaO, which can be found in green shells, where the CaO contained can be taken through the calcination process of green shells. To maximize the waste cooking oil processing process, an adsorption pretreatment process can be carried out. The adsorption process is carried out to reduce the FFA levels and acid numbers contained in waste cooking oil so that the transesterification reaction process can run optimally. Natural zeolite can be used as a good adsorbent to purify and lower the acid number of waste cooking oil. This study aims to find the best operating conditions in producing biodiesel made from waste cooking oil with a pretreatment adsorption process using natural zeolite and green shell catalyst through the factorial design method, where from the results of the research carried out, it was found that the density and viscosity met the SNI, the biodiesel yield produced was 45-65% and the cetane number test on samples 3 and 7 was 34,7 and 34,2 which did not meet the SNI. The operating temperature and amount of catalyst used in the biodiesel manufacturing process produce biodiesel with good density, viscosity, and yield, namely at a temperature of 60C and a catalyst content of 6 grams. The operating temperature of 65C produces a smaller density because the boiling point of alcohol is 64.7C, so the reaction process is not perfect
The Successful Prediction of Waterflooding Using a Feed-Forward Algorithm
Full text linkWaterflooding is one of the most frequently used Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods to increase oil recovery because it can increase 30% -60% of total production. It is necessary to apply a production system performance prediction approach to minimize uncertainty in increasing production figures, such as analytical and numerical methods. Artificial Intelligence in oil and gas is not new, but it has often been used in various fields such as exploration, drilling, production, and reservoirs. This is the basis for the Prediction of the success of waterflooding research carried out. This research aimed to predict the success rate of waterflooding using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The method used in this study is the simulation research method using CMG Imex for reservoir simulation modeling, running CMG CMOST for 500 sensitivity data with the input of seven parameters of compressibility, horizontal permeability, vertical permeability, pressure injection, injection rate, thickness, oil saturation, and the output is recovery factor using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with a ratio of 70% of calculation model results for training and 30% model results for testing. In order to get optimal prediction results, trial, and error were carried out on the number of hidden layer nodes so that optimal and stable hidden layer nodes were obtained at node 10 with RMSE values of 0.339035 for training and 0.442663 for testing and MAPE for training 1.15% and 1.62% for testing. The statistical analysis value is 0.906139 for training and 0.899525 for testing data. It can be concluded from this study that the use of ANN in predictions using ten hidden layer nodes proved to be very good and successful, and predictions in this study were classified as highly accurate Predictions
Utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Topographic Survey Using Ground Control Points (GCP) from Geodetic GNSS
Full text linkMapping with UAVs is a large-scale mapping strategy or method that can shorten the implementation time compared to conventional survey methods that sometimes cannot represent an area as a whole. Aerial photos recorded by drones generally still have a level of position error of up to several meters, so tie points are needed to improve the accuracy of aerial photos. This research aims to utilize drone camera technology to produce geospatial data, both in the form of raster data from aerial photographs and vector data in the form of land contours showing the height of the land surface in Gampong Cot, Gampong Blang, Krueng Kalee, and Angan in Darussalam District, Gampong Durung and Neuheun in Masjid Raya District, Gampong Labuy and Lam Ujong in Baitussalam District. Aerial photo processing produces highresolution image data of 5 cm/pixel. Ground Control Points (GCPs) are used as tie points to improve the accuracy of aerial imagery. GCP measurements use geodetic GNSS, which has an accuracy of cm to mm. Aerial photos that previously had an error rate of 2-7 meters, after being bound with GCP points, the error rate decreased to below 1 meter. Aerial photographs also show that the land cover in the study area is partly forest. Some areas in the west and north are C excavation mining areas. Based on the contour extraction results, the ground elevation in block 1 (Gampong Durung, Gampong Cot, Gampong Angan, and Gampong Lam Ujong) is 66 to 301 meters, block 2 (Gampong Neuhen) is 50 to 260 meters, and block 3 (Gampong Lam Ujong and Labuy) is 90 to 188 meters