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Effect size guidelines for cross-lagged effects
Get PDFCross-lagged models are by far the most commonly used method to test the prospective effect of one construct on another, yet there are no guidelines for interpreting the size of cross-lagged effects. This research aims to establish empirical benchmarks for cross-lagged effects, focusing on the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and the random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). We drew a quasirepresentative sample of studies published in four subfields of psychology (i.e., developmental, social–personality, clinical, and industrial–organizational). The dataset included 1,028 effect sizes for the CLPM and 302 effect sizes for the RI-CLPM, based on data from 174 samples. For the CLPM, the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the distribution corresponded to cross-lagged effect sizes of .03, .07, and .12, respectively. For the RI-CLPM, the corresponding values were .02, .05, and .11. Effect sizes did not differ significantly between the CLPM and RI-CLPM. Moreover, effect sizes did not differ significantly across subfields and were not moderated by design characteristics. However, effect sizes were moderated by the concurrent correlation between the constructs and the stability of the predictor. Based on the findings, we propose to use .03 (small effect), .07 (medium effect), and .12 (large effect) as benchmark values when interpreting the size of cross-lagged effects, for both the CLPM and RI-CLPM. In addition to aiding in the interpretation of results, the present findings will help researchers plan studies by providing information needed to conduct power analyses and estimate minimally required sample sizes
Die Bedeutung von Sport- und Bewegungsaktivitäten im Jugendalter für lebenslanges Aktiv-Sein − eine latente Profilanalyse mit retrospektiven Lebensverlaufsdaten
No full textConsidering the positive health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), youth is an important life stage to promote lifelong LTPA. However, the stability of LTPA over the life course is low, and specific predictors of LTPA in youth for lifelong activity have some shortcomings, e.g. neglecting the interacting factors of LTPA within individuals. Therefore, from a person-oriented approach, patterns of LTPA behaviour in youth considering time- and context-related aspects and their relationships with lifelong LTPA were investigated. Life course data from n = 1519 Swiss inhabitants aged between 25 and 76 years were recorded retrospectively using a validated questionnaire (CATI method). Latent profile analyses were used to find the optimal profile solution and for the association with lifelong LTPA auxiliary conditional effect models (controlled for age) were applied. Six distinct patterns emerged. Overall, mostly inactive youth are also the least active in adulthood, whereas several other patterns are associated with a mainly continuous LTPA throughout adulthood. More precisely, multiple constellations in youth occurred to be physically active in at least 80% of the years in adulthood: (1) early starters regarding LTPA in a rather self-organised setting but not with many different LTPAs; (2) late entrants with a variety of different activities and organisational settings; or (3) a high expression in every variable investigated. Consequently, there is not just one type of LTPA behaviour in youth linked to lifelong activity, which indicates that certain aspects of LTPA in youth can be compensated by each other. Implications for LTPA promotion can be derived
Comparison of three-dimensional printed patient-specific guides versus freehand approach for radial osteotomies in normal dogs: Ex vivo model.
Get PDFOBJECTIVE
To compare the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific guide (PSG) with a freehand (FH) approach for radial osteotomies in ex vivo normal dogs.
STUDY DESIGN
Experimental study.
ANIMALS
Twenty four ex vivo thoracic limb pairs from normal beagle dogs.
METHODS
Computed tomography (CT) images were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Three osteotomies tested (n = 8/group) were: (1) uniplanar 30° frontal plane wedge ostectomy, (2) oblique plane (30° frontal, 15° sagittal) wedge ostectomy, and (3) single oblique plane osteotomy (SOO, 30° frontal, 15° sagittal, and 30° external). Limb pairs were randomized to a 3D PSG or FH approach. The resultant osteotomies were compared with virtual target osteotomies by surface shape-matching postoperative to the preoperative radii.
RESULTS
The mean ± standard deviation osteotomy angle deviation for all 3D PSG osteotomies (2.8 ± 2.8°, range 0.11-14.1°) was less than for the FH osteotomies (6.4 ± 6.0°, range 0.03-29.7°). No differences were found for osteotomy location in any group. In total, 84% of 3D PSG osteotomies were within 5° deviance from the target compared to 50% of freehand osteotomies.
CONCLUSION
Three-dimensional PSG improved FH accuracy of osteotomy angle in select planes and the most complex osteotomy orientation in a normal ex vivo radial model.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Three-dimensional PSGs provided more consistent accuracy, which was most notable in complex radial osteotomies. Future work is needed to investigate guided osteotomies in dogs with antebrachial bone deformities
Under-reporting of forensic findings: craniocervical emergency imaging in cases of survived hanging.
Get PDFTo determine the diagnostic bias between clinical and forensic radiology in cases of nonfatal hanging and determine and describe typical underreported imaging findings. In a retrospective, single-center study, all patients admitted for attempted suicide with near-hanging or fatal hanging between January 2008 and December 2020 who received CT or MRI of head and neck were reviewed and missed findings in the original report were documented. A binary regression with disagreement as dependent variable was fitted for the imaging modality, fatality, age, and sex. A total of 123 hanging incidents were retrospectively analyzed. The vast majority (n = 108; 87.8%) had attempted suicide with a nonfatal outcome. Fatal outcome occurred in 15 (12.0%). The extra- and intracranial injuries documented on CT and MRI scans were laryngeal (n = 8; 6.5%), soft tissue (n = 42; 34.1%), and vascular injuries (n = 1; 0.8%). Intracranial pathology was evident on 18 (14.6%) scans. Disagreement occurred in 36 (29.3%) cases and represented 52 (69.2%) of all cases with a radiological finding. Disagreement was strongly associated with fatality (OR: 2.7-44.9.4, p = 0.0012). In most cases, nonfatal hangings cause no or only minor injuries. Fatal cases are associated with a greater probability of missed minor imaging findings. This suggests that findings deemed clinically irrelevant are probably not reported in such severe emergency cases. This association indicates that minor abnormalities are underreported when major pathologies are evident on imaging in victims of strangulation
Prospective analysis of anatomic features predisposing patients to intraoperative floppy iris syndrome.
No full textPURPOSE
To aid preoperative risk assessment by identifying anatomic parameters corresponding with a higher risk of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) during cataract surgery.
METHODS
Prospective cohort study of 55 patients with α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (α1-ARA) treatment and 55 controls undergoing cataract surgery. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), video pupilometer, and biometry measurements were performed preoperatively and analyzed regarding anatomic parameters that corresponded with a higher rate of IFIS. Those statistically significant parameters were evaluated with logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
RESULTS
Pupil diameter was significantly smaller in patients who developed IFIS compared to those who did not develop IFIS (AS-OCT 3.29 ± 0.85 vs. 3.63 ± 0.68, p = 0.03; Pupilometer 3.56 ± 0,87 vs. 3.95 ± 0.67, p = 0.02). Biometric evaluation revealed shallower anterior chambers in the IFIS group (ACD 3.12 ± 0.40 vs. 3.32 ± 0.42, p = 0.02). Cutoff values for 50% IFIS probability (p = 0.5) were PD = 3.18 mm for pupil diameter and ACD = 2.93 mm for anterior chamber depth. ROC curves of combined parameters were calculated for α1-ARA medication with pupil diameter and anterior chamber depth, which yielded an AUC of 0.75 for all IFIS grades.
CONCLUSION
The combination of biometric parameters with history of α1-ARA medication can improve assessment of risk stratification for IFIS incidence during cataract surgery
Regional differences in clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with post-sustained virologic response (SVR) hepatocellular carcinoma.
Get PDFBACKGROUND
& Amis: Widespread use of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has resulted in increased numbers of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after achieving sustained virologic response ('post-SVR HCC') worldwide. Few data compare regional differences in presentation and prognosis of patients with post-SVR HCC.
METHODS
We identified patients with advanced fibrosis (F3/F4) who developed incident post-SVR HCC between March, 2015 and October, 2021 from 30 sites in Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. We compared patient demographics, liver dysfunction, and tumor burden by region. We compared overall survival by region using Kaplan-Meier analysis and identified factors associated with survival using multivariable Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS
Among 8,796 patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis who achieved SVR, 583 (6.6%) developed incident HCC. There was marked regional variation in the proportion of detection by surveillance (range: 59.5-100%), median maximum tumor diameter (range: 1.8-5.0 cm), and proportion with multinodular HCC (range: 15.4-60.8%). Prognosis of patients highly varied by region (HR range: 1.82-9.92), with the highest survival in East Asia, North America, and South America, and lowest in the Middle East and South Asia. After adjusting for geographic region, HCC surveillance was associated with early-stage detection (BCLC stage 0/A: 71.0% vs. 21.3%, p<0.0001) and lower mortality (adjusted HR 0.29, 95%CI 0.18-0.46).
CONCLUSIONS
Clinical characteristics, including early-stage detection, and prognosis of post-SVR HCC significantly differed across geographic regions. Surveillance utilization appears to be a high-yield intervention target to improve prognosis among patients with post-SVR HCC globally
Normative Intercorrelations Between EEG Microstate Characteristics.
Get PDFEEG microstates are brief, recurring periods of stable brain activity that reflect the activation of large-scale neural networks. The temporal characteristics of these microstates, including their average duration, number of occurrences, and percentage contribution have been shown to serve as biomarkers of mental and neurological disorders. However, little is known about how microstate characteristics of prototypical network types relate to each other. Normative intercorrelations among these parameters are necessary to help researchers better understand the functions and interactions of underlying networks, interpret and relate results, and generate new hypotheses. Here, we present a systematic analysis of intercorrelations between EEG microstate characteristics in a large sample representative of western working populations (n = 583). Notably, we find that microstate duration is a general characteristic that varies across microstate types. Further, microstate A and B show mutual reinforcement, indicating a relationship between auditory and visual sensory processing at rest. Microstate C appears to play a special role, as it is associated with longer durations of all other microstate types and increased global field power, suggesting a relationship of these parameters with the anterior default mode network. All findings could be confirmed using independent EEG recordings from a retest-session (n = 542)
Penumbral Rescue by Normobaric O=O Administration in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Target Mismatch ProFile (PROOF): Study Protocol of a Phase IIb Trial.
No full textRATIONALE
Oxygen is essential for cellular energy metabolism. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to hypoxia. Increasing oxygen supply shortly after stroke onset could preserve the ischemic penumbra until revascularization occurs.
AIMS
PROOF investigates the use of normobaric oxygen therapy (NBO) within six hours of symptom onset/notice for brain-protective bridging until endovascular revascularization of acute intracranial anterior circulation occlusion.
METHODS AND DESIGN
Randomized (1:1), standard treatment-controlled, open-label, blinded endpoint, multicenter adaptive phase IIb trial.
STUDY OUTCOMES
Primary outcome is ischemic core growth (mL) from baseline to 24 hours (intention-to-treat analysis). Secondary efficacy outcomes include change in NIHSS from baseline to 24 hours, mRS at 90 days, cognitive and emotional function, and quality of life. Safety outcomes include mortality, intracranial hemorrhage, and respiratory failure. Exploratory analyses of imaging and blood biomarkers are conducted.
SAMPLE SIZE
Using an adaptive design with interim analysis at 80 patients per arm, up to 456 participants (228 per arm) would be needed for 80% power (one-sided alpha 0.05) to detect a mean reduction of ischemic core growth by 6.68 mL, assuming 21.4 mL standard deviation.
DISCUSSION
By enrolling endovascular thrombectomy candidates in an early time window, the trial replicates insights from preclinical studies in which NBO showed beneficial effects, namely early initiation of near 100% inspired oxygen during short temporary ischemia. Primary outcome assessment at 24 hours on follow-up imaging reduces potential bias due to withdrawal of care and early clinical confounders such as delayed extubation and aspiration pneumonia.
TRIAL REGISTRATIONS
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03500939; EudraCT: 2017-001355-31
Effect of scan pattern on the scan accuracy of a combined healing abutment scan body system.
Get PDFSTATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A recently introduced scan body combined with a contoured healing abutment enables digital scans of the implant while its healing abutment shapes the soft tissue for an appropriate emergence profile. However, information on the effect of different scan patterns on the scan accuracy of this new system is lacking.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of scan pattern on the accuracy of digital implant scans by using a combined healing abutment-scan body system.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A combined healing abutment-scan body system was secured on a single implant at the right first molar site in a dentate mandibular model. A master reference model was generated by scanning the model with an industrial light scanner. The model was then scanned with 4 different scan patterns (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D) by using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3). Test scans (n=8) were superimposed over the master reference model by using a metrology software, and distance and angular deviations were calculated. Distance and angular deviation data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis of variance and the Tukey honestly significant difference tests for trueness and precision (α=.05).
RESULTS
Distance deviations (trueness [P=.461] and precision [P=.533] deviations) in the scans were not significantly affected by the scan pattern. Scan pattern affected the trueness (P=.001) and precision (P=.002) when angular deviations were considered. In terms of trueness, SP-D resulted in the highest angular deviations in scans (P≤.031), while the difference in deviations in scans obtained by using other scan patterns was not significant (P≥.378). When angular deviation data were considered, SP-D resulted in lower scan precision than SP-A (P=.014) and SP-B (P=.007). The precision of scans using SP-C was similar to the precision of the scans made by using other scan patterns (P≥.055) in terms of angular deviations.
CONCLUSIONS
The scan accuracy of a combined healing abutment-scan body system was affected by the scan pattern. The scans performed with SP-D presented the lowest accuracy considering the angular deviation data and, therefore, may be the least favored among the patterns tested for scanning a combined healing abutment-scan body system
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