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Advanced cardiac imaging, machine learning, and heart age for cardiovascular risk stratification.
No full textBesuchermanagement - ein Zusammenspiel zwischen Naturschutz und Tourismus
Get PDFBewegung und Sport in der Natur liegen im Trend: Outdoor-Sportarten haben in der Schweiz wie auch in anderen Ländern in den vergangenen Jahren stark zugenommen¹. Dies ist einerseits erfreulich, denn das Draussensein ist Gesundheitsförderung pur und kann für Anliegen des Naturschutzes sensibilisieren. Andererseits erhöht diese Nutzungszunahme den Druck auf die naturnahen Lebensräume. Dies kann sich negativ auf die Natur und insbesondere auf störungsempfindliche Tiere auswirken und die Naturerlebnisse der Besuchenden beeinträchtigen. Um diesen Herausforderungen gerecht zu werden, muss die Entwicklung des Tourismus in Naturschutzgebieten auf nachhaltige Weise erfolgen. Eine nachhaltige Entwicklung wird im UNESCO-Welterbe Schweizer Alpen Jungfrau-Aletsch durch ein Besuchermanagement gezielt unterstützt
Below Ground. History and Futures of the Underground Frontier
No full textDer Untergrund wird heute als umfassende Ressource und neue Frontier gehandelt. Tatsächlich werden Sphären unter Grund aktuell mit zunehmender Geschwindigkeit techno-wissenschaftlich durchdrungen und in die kapitalistische Akkumulationsdynamik eingebunden. Das Living Book betrachtet diese «underground frontier» aus historischer Perspektive und beleuchtet gleichzeitig die Verheissungen, die gegenwärtig mit der Tiefe verbunden werden.
Ab der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts gewann der Untergrund durch den hochkapitalistischen Montanbau, geologische Kartierungen und den mechanisierten Tunnelbau an Faszination. Diese Entwicklungen nährten die Vorstellung von besseren zukünftigen Gesellschaften, die in technisierten subterranen Sphären leben.
Auch Städte wuchsen durch den Ausbau unterirdischer Infrastrukturen am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts immer mehr in die Tiefe. Das «grosse Buddeln» ging einher mit einer sozialen Stratifikation in der Vertikalen und bereitete den imaginativen Nährboden für Ängste der Bourgeoisie vor subterranen Bedrohungen.
Im 20. Jahrhundert beschleunigte sich die Aneignung des Untergrunds als Schutz- und Sicherheitszone während der totalen Kriege. Ab der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts erkannten Ingenieure und Architekten zudem das Potenzial des subterranen Raums als umfassende, scheinbar unerschöpfliche «Ressource» für die urbane Entwicklung. Ab den 1970er Jahren entstanden Wahrnehmungsmuster und Verheissungen, die heute in wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen und öffentlichen Debatten ihren Höhepunkt erreichen: Der Untergrund als vermeintliche «terra nullius» und Frontier, die es zu erwecken beziehungsweise zu erobern gilt, um für die Zukunft resiliente und nachhaltige Gesellschaften zu schaffen.
Der einführende Essay des Living Book betont die Notwendigkeit, diese Verheissungen der «underground frontier» und die damit verbundenen, oft unreflektierten Begriffe kritisch zu analysieren und historisch einzuordnen.Today, the underground realm is treated as a comprehensive resource and the new frontier. And it is a fact that underground realms are currently being techno-scientifically penetrated at an increasing pace and integrated into the dynamics of capitalist accumulation. This Living Book examines this “underground frontier” from a historical perspective and simultaneously sheds light on the promises presently tied up with the depths of the Earth.
Subterranean worlds exerted ever greater fascination in the second half of the 19th century, owing to capitalist mining ventures, geological mapping, and mechanised tunnel construction. Such developments fired fantasies of better future societies that would live in technology-driven underground spheres.
In the late 19th century cities also expanded into the depths trough the development of underground infrastructures. This “big dig” in the metropolises came to mirror the vertical class-based social stratification; and among the bourgeoisie, it sowed the seeds of fear of clandestine subterranean threats.
Appropriation of the underground as a protective zone accelerated during the periods of “total war” in the 20th century. By the mid 20th century, engineers and architects were recognising the potential of subterranean space as a comprehensive and seemingly inexhaustible resource for urban development. The 1970s and later decades gave rise to promises that have culminated in the scientific discussions and public debates we are seeing today: the underground is alleged to be a “terra nullius” and frontier that must be awoken from its slumber and exploited, to spawn resilient and sustainable future communities.
The introductory essay in this Living Book emphasises the need to bring historical context and critical analysis to bear on the supposed promise of the “underground frontier” and the associated, often unexamined concepts
Politisieren mit Musik - Gottfried Kellers Beziehung zu Musik und Musikern
No full textGottfried Kellers Beziehung zur Musik taucht in der Forschung nur punktuell als Thema auf. Das erstaunt umso mehr, als die Musik in Kellers Leben und in seinem Werk auf vielerlei Ebenen greifbar und in unterschiedlichen Kontexten bedeutsam ist. Bereits zu Lebzeiten wurden seine Festlieder vertont und vor großem Publikum aufgeführt. Namhafte Komponisten haben wenig später mit der Lyrik auch seine Prosatexte für ihr eigenes Schaffen entdeckt, unter ihnen Othmar Schoeck, Arnold Schönberg, Frederick Delius, Hugo Wolf oder Samuel Barber. Der Beitrag geht der Darstellung von Musik als Motiv in Kellers Werk nach, vermittelt einen fundierten Überblick zu den Keller-Vertonungen und leuchtet die Prämissen einer Musikwissenschaft aus, die mit der Schweiz auch Gottfried Keller auf ihrer Agenda vernachlässigte
PET-CT vs brain MRI for the detection of cerebral metastases of melanoma, a 5-year retrospective study.
Get PDFBACKGROUND
Melanoma patients present a high risk of developing extra cutaneous metastases. PET-CT is one of the preferred examinations for the staging of oncological patients. It is not the method of choice to detect brain metastases, but this technique has shown significant improvement and allows the detection of some of them, although it is unclear how it performs compared to the MRI, the current gold standard for diagnosing brain metastases.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the accuracy of PET-CT and cerebral MRI to detect brain metastases in melanoma patients.
METHODS
We retrospectively included all patients diagnosed with melanoma stage IIC-IV (AJCC 8th Edition-2017) presented at the skin tumor board of the University Hospital of Bern between 01/2018 and 12/2022. All radiological reports extracted from the patient management system were analyzed to assess a discrepancy between the visibility of brain metastases on PET-CT and brain MRI.
RESULTS
In this study including 393 patients, brain MRI demonstrated significantly higher performance than PET-CT in detecting brain metastases. Cerebral metastases were detected completely, partially or were not detected by PET-CT in respectively 2 patients (4%), 15 patients (32%) and 30 patients (64%) out of 47.
CONCLUSION
Despite the increasing performance of PET-CT, this study highlights the crucial role of brain MRI, which remains the gold standard to detect cerebral metastases. Brain MRI should be performed on patients with high-risk melanoma from stage IIC to exclude brain metastases
The controversial influence of multilingualism in older adults. Language. Cognition, biography, language attitude & proficiency.
No full textEliciting narratives from different groups of older respondents. Consideration of methodology and experimental design.
No full textKarl, B. K., Rzitki, A. (2024, April 10-12). Eliciting narratives from different groups of older respondents. Consideration of methodology and experimental design [Conference presentation]. Conference on Language and Aging Research 2024, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany
Towards achieving FAIR research results in Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH)
Get PDFWhile FAIR-data Pipelines are created for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, a FAIR-SSH-data Pipeline shall also aid researchers creating transparent, replicable and reproducible research data, as well as (if required) providing a secure framework for dealing with sensitive data, i.e., FAIR-SSH-sensitive-data Pipelines
Midpalatal miniscrew insertion: The accuracy of digital planning and surgical placement.
No full textINTRODUCTION
The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of palatal miniscrew insertion, evaluating the effect of guide fabrication and surgical placement.
METHODS
Guided insertion of bilateral paramedian palatal miniscrews was undertaken using Appliance Designer software (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). A resin surgical guide (P Pro Surgical Guide; Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) was used. Superimposition of the miniscrew position relative to the digital design was undertaken using bespoke software (Inspect 3D module, OnyxCeph; Image Instruments GmbH, Chemnitz, Germany) to assess surgical inaccuracy. Miniscrew position relative to the surgical guide was also assessed to isolate the effect of planning inaccuracies. Both horizontal and vertical discrepancies were evaluated at both implant locations.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven patients having bilateral palatal insertions were examined. Mean discrepancies were <0.5 mm, both in the horizontal and vertical planes. The mean overall horizontal and vertical discrepancy between the digital design and final miniscrew position on the left side was 0.32 ± 0.15 mm and 0.34 ± 0.17 mm, respectively. The maximum horizontal discrepancy observed was 0.72 mm. No significant differences were observed in relation to the accuracy of mini-implant positioning on the basis of sidedness, either for horizontal (P = 0.29) or vertical (P = 0.86) discrepancy.
CONCLUSIONS
High levels of accuracy associated with guided insertion of paramedian palatal implants were recorded with mean discrepancies of less than 0.5 mm both in the horizontal and vertical planes. No difference in accuracy was noted between the left and right sides. Very minor levels of inaccuracy associated both with surgical techniques and surgical guide fabrication were recorded
Drug-drug interactions with oral anticoagulants: information consistency assessment of three commonly used online drug interactions databases in Switzerland.
Get PDFBackground: Toxicity or treatment failure related to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are known to significantly affect morbidity and hospitalization rates. Despite the availability of numerous databases for DDIs identification and management, their information often differs. Oral anticoagulants are deemed at risk of DDIs and a leading cause of adverse drug events, most of which being preventable. Although many databases include DDIs involving anticoagulants, none are specialized in them.
Aim and method: This study aims to compare the DDIs information content of four direct oral anticoagulants and two vitamin K antagonists in three major DDI databases used in Switzerland: Lexi-Interact, Pharmavista, and MediQ. It evaluates the consistency of DDIs information in terms of differences in severity rating systems, mechanism of interaction, extraction and documentation processes and transparency.
Results: This study revealed 2’496 DDIs for the six anticoagulants, with discrepant risk classifications. Only 13.2% of DDIs were common to all three databases. Overall concordance in risk classification (high, moderate, and low risk) was slight (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.131), while high-risk DDIs demonstrated a fair agreement (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.398). The nature and the mechanism of the DDIs were more consistent across databases. Qualitative assessments highlighted differences in the documentation process and transparency, and similarities for availability of risk classification and references.
Discussion: This study highlights the discrepancies between three commonly used DDI databases and the inconsistency in how terminology is standardised and incorporated when classifying these DDIs. It also highlights the need for the creation of specialised tools for anticoagulant-related interactions
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