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Reise durch die Inhalte und Schwerpunkte des Theologiestudiums
No full textDas Studium an der Universität ist eine umfassende Reise, in der Wissen vermittelt, Werte reflektiert und Persönlichkeiten für die Zukunft geformt werden. Ebenso ist es mit dem Studium der Christkatholischen Theologie an der Universität Bern
Risiko & Recht
Get PDFRisiko & Recht beginnt das Jahr 2024 mit einem breiten Spektrum aktueller Themen zu Fragen der Risikogesellschaft. Eröffnet wird die Ausgabe von Alexandra Ott Müller und Sven Zimmerlin mit einer Analyse der Aufgaben und Möglichkeiten der Jugendstrafrechtspflege. Die Ausführungen gehen von statistischen Erkenntnissen zur Jugendkriminalität aus und zeigen die umfangreichen Möglichkeiten der Jugendstrafrechtspflege im Umgang mit Kindern und Jugendlichen im Umfeld von Gewalt auf, und zwar mit Fokus auf den Kanton Zürich. Praxisbeispiele veranschaulichen den stark spezialpräventiven und interdisziplinären Charakter des Jugendstrafrechts sowie das Zusammenwirken der Jugendanwaltschaften mit den Jugenddiensten der Polizeikorps, der Jugendforensik und den Zivilbehörden zur Bewältigung dieses Phänomens.
Andrea Selle befasst sich nachfolgend mit der Erfüllung sicherheitspolizeilicher Aufgaben durch Private. Der Beitrag setzt sich mit dem Vorgang einer solchen Privatisierung auseinander und analysiert die in diesem Zusammenhang vorgesehenen Staatshaftungsmodelle, und zwar mit Blick auf die Rechtsstellung der geschädigten Person und den schadensgeneigten Bereich, in dem private Sicherheitsunternehmen für den Staat tätig werden.
Monika Simmler und Giulia Canova thematisieren in ihrem Aufsatz die Nutzung öffentlich zugänglicher Informationen durch Strafverfolgungsbehörden. Die Bearbeitung von Personendaten im Rahmen von sog. „Open Source Intelligence“ (OSINT) berührt Art. 13 Abs. 2 BV; hierdurch werden strafprozessuale Fragen aufgeworfen. Bei der Beurteilung der Invasivität von OSINT-Massnahmen sind ihr Zweck, die Art der bearbeiteten Daten und zu überwindende technische Hürden zu bedenken. Die Auseinandersetzung mit den strafprozess-, verfassungs- und konventionsrechtlichen Grundlagen zeigt nach Auffassung der Autorinnen, dass das geltende Recht nur minimalinvasive Open Source-Recherchen, nicht jedoch eingriffsintensivere Massnahmen abdeckt. Eine explizite innerstaatliche Regulierung wäre in Anbetracht der Praxisrelevanz dieser Ermittlungsmethode angezeigt.
Die vorliegende Ausgabe schliesst mit einem Bericht über die Fachtagung Bedrohungsmanagement vom 2. November 2023, in deren Rahmen neue Ansätze der Prävention von Gewalt, Best Practices und Erkenntnisse aus der Wissenschaft thematisiert wurden
Food Systems and Access to Healthy Food in an Amazonian Context
Get PDFThe article aims to identify how systemic, multi-scale dynamics influence access to adequate and healthy food and eating and how food is produced and circulated in the Amazonian context of the Metropolitan Region of Santarém (PA). We conducted a literature review, qualitative interviews with key actors, discussion groups and visits to food retailers to address the following research questions: how do socio-economic and political dynamics, especially those related to the soy-meat agroindustrial complex, create or reproduce social inequalities, injustices and inequities, and how do they affect the access to adequate and healthy food? Our findings suggest that the expansion of large-scale soybean growing and livestock, forming the industrial soy-meat complex, contributes to the impoverishment of certain social segments of the local population, accompanied by the erosion of the base for food production. Smallholder farmers and Indigenous and traditional people are among the main affected groups, while violence in rural areas contributes to restricting access to adequate and healthy food. The novelties of our study lie in approaching food systems, taking access to food as the entry point and linking adverse effects of the soy-meat complex to inequalities in access to healthy food. The study also discusses value conflicts between “traditional” and “modern food” (e.g., ultra-processed food), reflecting intergenerational disputes between ways of life and culture, which are also nurtured by the expansion of the soy-meat complex. These multi-scale dynamics have significant repercussions on how food is produced and circulated and highlight the relations between local food politics and conflicts, as well as their connections with processes beyond the local scale. Finally, the article calls for advancing integrated and multi-scale analysis of food production and access to address challenges of social injustices in food system transitions, fostering sustainability, human health and climate change mitigation and adaptation
A deep search for large complex organic species toward IRAS16293-2422 B at 3 mm with ALMA
Get PDFComplex organic molecules (COMs) have been detected ubiquitously in protostellar systems. However, at shorter wavelengths (\,mm), it is generally more difficult to detect larger molecules than at longer wavelengths sim 3 sim 3\,mm, Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey) observations of this source to examine the effect of the dust optical depth. We identified lines of 31 molecules including many oxygen-bearing COMs such as CHOH, CHOHCHO, CHCHOH, and c-CHO and a few nitrogen- and sulfur-bearing ones such as HOCHCN and CHSH. The largest detected molecules are gGg-(CHOH) and CHCOCH. We did not detect glycerol or i- and n-propanol, but we do provide upper limits for them which are in line with previous laboratory and observational studies. The line density in Band 3 is only times lower in frequency space than in Band 7. From the detected lines in Band 3 at a of them could not be identified indicating the need for more laboratory data of rotational spectra. We find similar column densities and column density ratios of COMs (within a factor ) between Band 3 and Band 7. The effect of the dust optical depth for IRAS 16293-2422 B at an off-source location on column densities and column density ratios is minimal. Moreover, for warm protostars, long wavelength spectra (\,mm) are not only crowded and complex, but they also take significantly longer integration times than shorter wavelength observations sim 0.82-3\,mm wavelengths) survey is needed to assess whether low frequency data have the potential to reveal more complex molecules in warm sources
Differential regulation of human thrombospondin-1 upon systemic desmopressin versus endotoxin challenge
Get PDFSeverity-dependent interhemispheric white matter connectivity predicts post-stroke neglect recovery.
Get PDFLeft-sided spatial neglect is a very common and challenging issue after right-hemispheric stroke, which strongly and negatively affects daily living behaviour and recovery of stroke survivors. The mechanisms underlying recovery of spatial neglect remain controversial, particularly regarding the involvement of the intact, contralesional hemisphere, with potential contributions ranging from maladaptive to compensatory. In the present prospective, observational study, we assessed neglect severity in 54 right-hemispheric stroke patients (32 male; 22 female) at admission to and discharge from inpatient neurorehabilitation. We demonstrate that the interaction of initial neglect severity, and spared white matter (dis) connectivity resulting from individual lesions (as assessed by diffusion tensor imaging, DTI) explains a significant portion of the variability of post-stroke neglect recovery. In mildly impaired patients, spared structural connectivity within the lesioned hemisphere is sufficient to attain good recovery. Conversely, in patients with severe impairment, successful recovery critically depends on structural connectivity within the intact hemisphere and between hemispheres. These distinct patterns, mediated by their respective white matter connections, may help to reconcile the dichotomous perspectives regarding the role of the contralesional hemisphere as exclusively compensatory or not. Instead, they suggest a unified viewpoint wherein the contralesional hemisphere can - but must not necessarily - assume a compensatory role. This would depend on initial impairment severity and on the available, spared structural connectivity. In the future, our findings could serve as a prognostic biomarker for neglect recovery and guide patient-tailored therapeutic approaches.Significance Statement Visuospatial neglect is a common and challenging issue affecting the daily living of stroke survivors. Mechanisms underlying the recovery of neglect, especially the contribution of the intact hemisphere, remain controversial, ranging from maladaptive to compensatory. In 54 neglect patients, we show that a tight interaction of initial neglect severity and structural (dis)connectivity profiles relate to good recovery: in mild neglect, spared ipsilesional structural connectivity is sufficient for good recovery; conversely, in more severe neglect, structural connectivity within the contralesional hemisphere and between hemispheres plays a central role. These findings may help to reconcile rival models concerning the role of the contralesional hemisphere in neglect recovery after stroke. Furthermore, they could serve as a prognostic biomarker and guide patient-tailored therapeutic approaches
Deciphering cometary outbursts: linking gas composition changes to trigger mechanisms
Get PDFDust and gas outbursts are recurrent cometary phenomena, playing a crucial role in shaping the coma. Proposed outburst trigger mechanisms include cliff collapse, pressure pockets, and amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition of water ice; however, the underlying processes remain inadequately understood. In this study, we analyse Rosetta/ROSINA data from multiple outbursts on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and present the evolution of the gas composition in the comet’s coma during outburst events. We distinguish two distinct categories of cometary outbursts on the comet: water-driven events characterized by rapid (minutes to hours) changes in coma composition, and CO2-driven events displaying a slow, prolonged (hours to days) increase in highly volatile species. We tentatively associate these different gas composition patterns with different trigger mechanisms. Exposure of fresh ice due to cliff collapse leads to a notable water enhancement, while most perihelion outbursts coincide with substantial density increases of CO2. We propose that these CO2-driven events originate from subsurface gas-filled cavities, whose walls are suggested to have been sealed by earlier refreezing of CO2 migrating from warmer spots, hence increasing the cavity pressure required to burst
Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias Among Climbers on Mount Everest.
No full textIMPORTANCE
Arterial hypoxemia, electrolyte imbalances, and periodic breathing increase the vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmia at altitude.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the incidence of tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias in healthy individuals at high altitudes.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This prospective cohort study involved healthy individuals at altitude (8849 m) on Mount Everest, Nepal. Recruitment occurred from January 25 to May 9, 2023, and data analysis took place from June to July 2023.
EXPOSURE
All study participants underwent 12-lead electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography, and exercise stress testing before and ambulatory rhythm recording both before and during the expedition.
MAIN OUTCOME
The incidence of a composite of supraventricular (>30 seconds) and ventricular (>3 beats) tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia (sinoatrial arrest, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block).
RESULTS
Of the 41 individuals recruited, 100% were male, and the mean (SD) age was 33.6 (8.9) years. On baseline investigations, there were no signs of exertional ischemia, wall motion abnormality, or cardiac arrhythmia in any of the participants. Among 34 individuals reaching basecamp at 5300 m, 32 participants climbed to 7900 m or higher, and 14 reached the summit of Mount Everest. A total of 45 primary end point-relevant events were recorded in 13 individuals (38.2%). Forty-three bradyarrhythmic events were documented in 13 individuals (38.2%) and 2 ventricular tachycardias in 2 individuals (5.9%). Nine arrhythmias (20%) in 5 participants occurred when climbers were using supplemental bottled oxygen, whereas 36 events (80%) in 11 participants occurred at lower altitudes when no supplemental bottled oxygen was used. The proportion of individuals with arrhythmia remained stable across levels of increasing altitude, while event rates per 24 hours numerically increased between 5300 m (0.16 per 24 hours) and 7300 m (0.37 per 24 hours) before decreasing again at higher altitudes, where supplemental oxygen was used. None of the study participants reported dizziness or syncope.
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE
In this study, more than 1 in 3 healthy individuals experienced cardiac arrhythmia during the climb of Mount Everest, thereby confirming the association between exposure to high altitude and incidence of cardiac arrhythmia. Future studies should explore the potential implications of these rhythm disturbances
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