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Digital Archaeology Between Hype and Reality: The Results of a Survey on the Use of 3D Technologies in Archaeology
Get PDFBetween January and March 2020, the EAA Community for 3D-Technologies in Archaeology conducted an international online survey on the current use of image-based 3D technologies. The aim was to gain broader insight into the application of image-based 3D technologies in archaeological practice and cultural-heritage management. The survey made it possible to determine the most important aims of the use of 3D technologies, as well as providing an overview both of the software and data formats used and of current archiving practices for raw and/or generated data. In this way, the main challenges for the further development of the techniques and the ongoing implementation of 3D technologies in practice can be identified
Corrigendum to "European Association of Urology Guidelines on Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Summary of the 2023 Guidelines" [Eur. Urol. 85 (2024) 17-31].
No full textDes antibiotiques efficaces pour le système de santé suisse : aujourd'hui et à l'avenir
Get PDFDepuis les premières décennies du XXe siècle, les antibiotiques jouent un rôle indispensable en médecine clinique, en santé publique, en élevage et en médecine vétérinaire. Leur remarquable efficacité dans le traitement des infections bactériennes et la réduction des risques liés à la chirurgie, à la chimiothérapie et à d'autres procédures médicales en ont fait la pierre angulaire de la médecine moderne. Toutefois, leur succès généralisé et leur prix plutôt bas ont également conduit à leur utilisation excessive, dépassant souvent la nécessité clinique. Cela a accéléré le développement naturel de ce que l'on appelle la « résistance aux antibiotiques » chez les bactéries qui s'adaptent à leur environnement ou, plus précisément, la « biorésistance ».
Comme la biorésistance érode continuellement l'efficacité des antibiotiques, les infections bactériennes peuvent devenir difficiles, voire impossibles à traiter, en particulier lorsque les bactéries développent une résistance à plusieurs antibiotiques. Le nombre croissant de décès souligne la gravité de cette tendance. Malgré le besoin pressant de nouveaux antibiotiques et d'un approvisionnement fiable en antibiotiques existants, la dure réalité, tant en Suisse que dans le monde, on observe une stagnation inquiétante dans le renouvellement de l'arsenal antibiotique. Cela s’explique par une faible activité de la recherche et du développement (R&D), une réticence des fabricants à lancer des antibiotiques au-delà de quelques pays à revenu élevé, de pénuries dues à des chaînes d'approvisionnement négligées et, en Suisse, du retrait fréquent d'antibiotiques de son marché relativement limité.
Pour relever ces multiples défis, le plan d'action national suisse Stratégie Antibiorésistance Suisse (StAR) a défini des initiatives dans huit domaines d'action, dont l'une d’elles invite le gouvernement et les parties prenantes à « promouvoir la disponibilité des antibiotiques de premier choix et le développement de nouveaux antibiotiques » (chapitre 2).
Dans ce livre blanc, la Table Ronde Suisse sur les Antibiotiques présente une proposition visant à accroître la disponibilté de nouveaux antibiotiques en Suisse, en particulier ceux nécessaires aux traitements des infections multirésistantes. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est impératif que la rémunération des antibiotiques en Suisse représente une part équitable des revenus que les fabricants doivent générer au niveau mondial pour couvrir les coûts de recherche, de développement, de fabrication, de maintien sur le marché et d’approvisionnement tout en générant un bénéfice raisonnable. Cette viabilité financière est essentielle pour encourager l'industrie à investir dans les antibiotiques, un domaine que de nombreuses grandes entreprises ont abandonné au cours des dernières décennies en raison du risque plus élevé de pertes financières dans le domaine des maladies infectieuses.
Pour relancer l'innovation dans le domaine des antibiotiques, des incitations économiques et réglementaires sont nécessaires tout au long du cycle de vie des produits pharmaceutiques (chapitre 3). Notre proposition se concentre sur les incitations dites « pull », qui prennent effet suite à l’obtention d’une autorisation de mise sur le marché d’un nouvel antibiotique. Le chapitre 4 décrit l'approche que nous avons adoptée pour élaborer cette proposition. Le chapitre 5 fournit une description détaillée de quatre modèles d'incitation « pull », suivie de leur évaluation au chapitre 6, qui nous a permis d'identifier le modèle de souscription comme étant le plus approprié pour une mise en œuvre en Suisse. Enfin, dans le chapitre 7, nous proposons une solution pour remédier à l'une des principales limites du modèle des bons d'extension de l'exclusivité transférable (TEEV) et explorons le modèle de prévalence comme une solution provisoire potentielle au cas où la mise en œuvre du modèle de souscription serait trop longue.
Tout au long de notre travail, nous nous sommes axés sur le mandat de la StAR, visant à « promouvoir la disponibilité des antibiotiques de premier choix ». L'augmentation inquiétante des pénuries et des retraits du marché nous a contraints à évaluer les modèles « pull » en fonction de leur capacité à atténuer ces problèmes. Nous avons constaté que le modèle de souscription proposé contribue à cet objectif, tout en reconnaissant qu'une série de mesures supplémentaires seraient nécessaires
Morphology of the physiological foramen: II. Maxillary and mandibular premolars.
No full textINTRODUCTION
Information concerning the anatomy of the physiological foramen is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the distance between the physiological and anatomical apex, the shape and diameter of the physiological foramen in maxillary (Mx) and mandibular premolars (Mn).
METHODS
The anatomy of the apex of 229 maxillary (first: MxP1; second: MxP2) and 221 mandibular premolars (first: MnP1; second: MnP2) from a mixed Swiss-German population was investigated by means of micro-computed tomography and 3D software-imaging.
RESULTS
The following results was obtained in the presence of a main physiological foramen: a. The distance between the physiological and anatomical foramen were 0.29-0.99 mm (MxP1), 0.21-1.03 mm (MxP2), 0.13-0.8 (MnP1), and 0.15-1.41 (MnP2) b. The mean narrow and wide diameters of the physiological foramen were 0.19-0.33 mm (MxP1), 0.25-0.42 mm (MxP2), 0.28-0.37 (MnP1), and 0.28-0.40 (MnP2) c. The most common physiological foramen shape was oval (66.7% MxP1, 89.7% MxP2, 91.8% MnP1, 64.4% MnP2) CONCLUSION: Considering the recommended preparation sizes based on a size corresponding to the friction, i.e. at the narrowest point in the area of the apical constriction (physiological foramen), and within the limitations of this ex vivo micro-CT study, a final preparation size could be chosen when considering the pertaining morphological considerations; yet, to a minimum ISO 30 size
Outcome predictors of post-COVID conditions in the European Academy of Neurology COVID-19 registry.
No full textSeveral neurological manifestations are part of the post-COVID condition. We aimed to: (1) evaluate the 6-month outcome in the cohort of patients with neurological manifestations during the COVID-19 acute phase and surviving the infection, and find outcome predictors; (2) define the prevalence and type of neurological symptoms persistent at six months after the infection. Data source was an international registry of patients with COVID-19 infection and neurological symptoms, signs or diagnoses established by the European Academy of Neurology. Functional status at six-month follow-up was measured with the modified Rankin scale (mRS), and defined as: "stable/improved" if the mRS at six months was equal as or lower than the baseline score; "worse" if it was higher than the baseline score. By October 30, 2022, 1,003 lab-confirmed COVID-19 patients were followed up for a median of 6.5 months. Compared to their pre-morbid status, 522 patients (52%) were stable/improved, whereas 465 (46%) were worse (functional status missing for 16). Age, hospitalization, several pre-COVID-19 comorbidities, and COVID-19 general complications were predictors of a worse status. Amongst neurological manifestations, stroke carried the highest risk for worse outcome (OR 5.96), followed by hyperactive delirium (2.8), and peripheral neuropathies (2.37). On the other hand, hyposmia/hypogeusia (0.38), headache (0.40), myalgia (0.45), and COVID-19 vaccination (0.52) were predictors of a favourable prognosis. Persisting neurological symptoms or signs were reported by 316/1003 patients (31.5%), the commonest being fatigue (n = 133), and impaired memory or concentration (n = 103). Our study identified significant long-term prognostic predictors in patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations
«Wichtig ist, dass das Tabu fällt» (Interview von Reto Zanettin)
No full textIm Gespräch mit: Aymo Brunetti:
Der Ökonom zeigt auf, wie sich die Schweiz auf eine neuerliche Notlage einer Grossbank vorbereiten kann. Und er legt der Politik eine andere Haltung zu Grossbanken in der Schweiz nahe
Novel tetracycline resistance gene tet(65) located on a multi-resistance Corynebacterium plasmid.
Get PDFBACKGROUND
Corynebacterium (C.) sp. 22KM0430 related to C. oculi and isolated from a dog exhibited resistance to tetracycline, and its WGS analysis revealed a putative resistance gene on a 35 562-bp plasmid also harbouring the MLSB resistance gene erm(X).
OBJECTIVES
To characterize the novel tetracycline resistance gene tet(65) and demonstrate its functionality by expression in C. glutamicum and Escherichia coli and plasmid curing of the host strain.
METHODS
tet(65) was cloned with and without its repressor tetR(65) and expressed in C. glutamicum DSM20300 and E. coli DH5α. Plasmid was cured by non-selective passages. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tetracyclines were determined according to CLSI guidelines. Association of tet(65) with efflux was shown by the addition of reserpine to MIC assays. Phylogenetic position and transmembrane structure of Tet(65) were analysed using MEGA11 and DeepTMHMM.
RESULTS
Tet(65) shows 73% amino acid identity with the closest related Tet(Z), contains 12 transmembrane domains and is structurally related to the Major Facilitator Superfamily. The tetracycline MICs decreased in the plasmid-cured strain and increased when tet(65) was expressed in C. glutamicum and in E. coli. The MICs of tetracycline decreased in the presence of reserpine indicating that tet(65) functions as an efflux pump. A GenBank search also identified tet(65) in C. diphtheriae and Brevibacterium (B.) casei and B. luteolum.
CONCLUSIONS
A novel tetracycline efflux gene tet(65) was identified in a C. oculi related species and was also present in the human pathogen C. diphtheriae and in Brevibacterium species indicating broader potential for dissemination
Testing alternative hypotheses for the decline of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria using fish tooth time series from sediment cores.
Get PDFLake Victoria is well known for its high diversity of endemic fish species and provides livelihoods for millions of people. The lake garnered widespread attention during the twentieth century as major environmental and ecological changes modified the fish community with the extinction of approximately 40% of endemic cichlid species by the 1980s. Suggested causal factors include anthropogenic eutrophication, fishing, and introduced non-native species but their relative importance remains unresolved, partly because monitoring data started in the 1970s when changes were already underway. Here, for the first time, we reconstruct two time series, covering the last approximately 200 years, of fish assemblage using fish teeth preserved in lake sediments. Two sediment cores from the Mwanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, were subsampled continuously at an intra-decadal resolution, and teeth were identified to major taxa: Cyprinoidea, Haplochromini, Mochokidae and Oreochromini. None of the fossils could be confidently assigned to non-native Nile perch. Our data show significant decreases in haplochromine and oreochromine cichlid fish abundances that began long before the arrival of Nile perch. Cyprinoids, on the other hand, have generally been increasing. Our study is the first to reconstruct a time series of any fish assemblage in Lake Victoria extending deeper back in time than the past 50 years, helping shed light on the processes underlying Lake Victoria's biodiversity loss
Relationship Between Reactive Astrocytes, by [18F]SMBT-1 Imaging, with Amyloid-Beta, Tau, Glucose Metabolism, and TSPO in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease.
Get PDFReactive astrocytes play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we aimed to investigate the temporospatial relationships among monoamine oxidase-B, tau and amyloid-β (Aβ), translocator protein, and glucose metabolism by using multitracer imaging in AD transgenic mouse models. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18F]SMBT-1 (monoamine oxidase-B), [18F]florbetapir (Aβ), [18F]PM-PBB3 (tau), [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), and [18F]DPA-714 (translocator protein) was carried out in 5- and 10-month-old APP/PS1, 11-month-old 3×Tg mice, and aged-matched wild-type mice. The brain regional referenced standard uptake value (SUVR) was computed with the cerebellum as the reference region. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on mouse brain tissue slices. [18F]SMBT-1 and [18F]florbetapir SUVRs were greater in the cortex and hippocampus of 10-month-old APP/PS1 mice than in those of 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice and wild-type mice. No significant difference in the regional [18F]FDG or [18F]DPA-714 SUVRs was observed in the brains of 5- or 10-month-old APP/PS1 mice or wild-type mice. No significant difference in the SUVRs of any tracer was observed between 11-month-old 3×Tg mice and age-matched wild-type mice. A positive correlation between the SUVRs of [18F]florbetapir and [18F]DPA-714 in the cortex and hippocampus was observed among the transgenic mice. Immunostaining validated the distribution of MAO-B and limited Aβ and tau pathology in 11-month-old 3×Tg mice; and Aβ deposits in brain tissue from 10-month-old APP/PS1 mice. In summary, these findings provide in vivo evidence that an increase in astrocyte [18F]SMBT-1 accompanies Aβ accumulation in APP/PS1 models of AD amyloidosis
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