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Spatiotemporal dynamics of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and lipid platforms
No full textAbstract: The relationships between neurotransmitter receptors and their membrane environment are complex, mutual (bidirectional) and physiologically important. Some of these relationships are established with subsets of the membrane lipid population, in the form of lipid platforms, lateral heterogeneities of the bilayer lipid having a dynamic chemical composition distinct from that of the bulk membrane. In addition to the equilibrium between the biosynthetic production, exocytic delivery and recycling of receptors on the one hand, and the endocytic internalization on the other, lateral diffusion, clustering and anchorage of receptors at the lipid platforms play key roles in determining the amount of active receptors at the synapse. Mobile receptors traffic between reservoir non-synaptic membranes and the synapse predominantly by thermally driven Brownian motion, and become immobilized at the perisynaptic region or the synapse proper by various mechanisms. These comprise: (a) clustering mediated by homotropic inter-molecular receptor-receptor associations; (b) heterotropic associations with non-receptor scaffolding proteins or the subjacent cytoskeletal meshwork, leading to diffusional “trapping”, and (c) protein-lipid interactions, particularly with the neutral lipid cholesterol. Preceded by a brief introduction on the currently used methods to study protein lateral mobility in membranes, this review assesses the contribution of some of these mechanisms to the supramolecular organization and dynamics of the paradigm neurotransmitter receptor of muscle and neuronal cells—the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). The translational mobility of nAChRs at these two cell surfaces differs in terms of diffusion coefficients and residence intervals at the synapse, which cover an ample range of time regimes. Neuronal α7 nAChRs exhibit diffusion coefficients similar to those of other neurotransmitter receptors and spend part of their lifetime confined to the perisynaptic region of glutamatergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) synapses; they may also be involved in the regulation of the dynamic equilibrium between excitation and inhibition in brain.Fil: Barrantes, Francisco J. Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Barrantes, Francisco J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
The equal and inviolable dignity of the human person as the foundation of the national and international juridical order
No full textResumen: El presente trabajo desarrolla dos tesis fundamentales. Primero, trata la igual e inviolable dignidad de la persona humana como punto de partida y de llegada de toda teorización y práctica del Derecho. Finalmente, como segunda tesis, desarrolla la necesidad de profundizar en los fundamentos antropológicos, filosóficos y teológicos de la dignidad de la persona humana, auténtico patrimonio moral de la humanidad, que ha de ser preservada y fundamentada.Abstract: The present work develops two fundamental theses. First, it treats the equal and inviolable dignity of the human person as a starting point and arrival of all theorizing and practice of Law. Finally, as a second thesis, it develops the need to deepen in the anthropological, philosophical and theological foundations of the dignity of the human person, an authentic moral patrimony of humanity that must be preserved and grounded
Legal validity and moral correctness : the problem of unfair law in John Finnis's legal theory
No full textResumen: No cabe duda de que el debate en torno a la cuestión de la esencia del Derecho no ha perdido vigencia en absoluto. A pesar de haberse superado el riguroso formalismo positivista de Hans Kelsen en lo atinente a la vinculación entre el Derecho y la moral, en el actual debate iusfilosófico es posible trazar otra gran línea divisoria entre concepciones del Derecho, análoga a aquella que otrora se dio entre iuspositivismo y iusnaturalismo: positivismo y no positivismo. El presente trabajo se propone dar a conocer el debate suscitado entre dos eximios representantes de esta última: por un lado, el iusfilósofo y jurista alemán, Robert Alexy, quien ha construido su teoría jurídica a partir de la influencia del positivismo kelseniano y el naturalismo jurídico de Gustav Radbruch, y el principal representante de la Nueva Escuela del Derecho Natural, John Finnis, quien proviene de la Escuela Analítica, y ha construido su teoría del Derecho sobre la base de postulados del iusnaturalimo clásico de Aristóteles y Tomás de Aquino, tamizados por la propuesta metaética de Germain Grisez. El objeto del debate se centra en torno al concepto y alcance de validez jurídica, como concepto clave para abordar la vinculación entre el Derecho y la moral.Abstract: There is no doubt that the debate on the question of the essence of the law has not lost any use at all. In spite of the fact that Hans Kelsen’s rigorous positivist formalism was overcome in relation to the link between law and morality; in the current philosophical debate, it is possible to draw another great dividing line between conceptions of law, analogous to that formerly given between iuspositivism and iusnaturalism: positivism and non-positivism. This paper intends to make known the debate between two distinguished representatives of the latter: on the one hand the German philosopher and jurist Robert Alexy, who has constructed his juridical theory from the influence of the Kelsenian positivism and the legal naturalism of Gustav Radbruch, and the principal representative of the New School of Natural Law, John Finnis, who comes from the Analytical School, and has constructed his theory of law on the basis of postulates of the classic naturalus of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, sifted by the proposal Metathetics of Germain Grisez. The focus of the debate is on the concept and scope of legal validity, as a key concept to address the link between law and morality
Justice and mercy : ethical minimum: legal and moral
No full textResumen: El texto ahonda en el carácter indispensable del Derecho como mínimo ético, posibilitador de una convivencia propiamente humana, destinada también a facilitar la querencia optimizadora inseparable de la moral. O, por citar los términos de la Bula de Convocación del Jubileo Extraordinario de la Misericordia: la justicia sin duda “es el primer paso, necesario e indispensable”, sin olvidar que “la Iglesia no obstante necesita ir más lejos para alcanzar una meta más alta y más significativa”3. Alude, en algunas de las notas al pie, a sugerencias del autor que se prestan a mantener el diálogo al que el documento invita.Abstract: The text delves into the indispensable character of law as a minimum ethical, enabling a properly human coexistence, it also intends to facilitate the optimizing want inseparable from the morality. Or, to quote the terms of the Bull of Convocation of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy: justice is undoubtedly “the first necessary and indispensable step”, without forgetting that “the Church nevertheless needs to go further to reach a higher and most significant finishing line”. Alludes, in some of the footnotes, to suggestions from the author that lend themselves to maintain the dialogue to which the document invites
Human dignity, rights and natural law
No full textResumen: El autor analiza la relación entre dignidad humana y Derechos Humanos. Pregunta si el concepto de dignidad humana confiere a los Derechos Humanos un carácter más objetivo, diferenciándolo del concepto de Derecho subjetivo y, de ser así, surge la cuestión sobre el elemento moral que la dignidad introduciría en lo jurídico. Indaga entonces sobre la posibilidad de una noción jurídica de dignidad. Se detiene en tres teorías sobre el concepto: la teoría de la dotación que confiere universalidad a la dignidad; la teoría de la relación que depende del consenso social; y la teoría de la dignidad como rango social. El autor analiza críticamente las ventajas y desventajas de cada teoría.Abstract: The author analyzes the relationship between human dignity and Human Rights. He asked whether the concept of human dignity gave Human Rights a more objective character, differentiating it from the concept of Subjective Right and, if so, the question arises about the moral element that dignity would introduce in juridical terms. He then inquired about the possibility of a legal notion of dignity. It dwells on three theories about the concept: the theory of endowment that confers universality to dignity; relationship theory that depends on social consensus; and the theory of dignity as a social rank. The author critically analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each theory
Right of conscientious objection of the medical staff and abortion : analysis of a legislative proporsal and a judgment from the Constitutional Court of Spain
No full textResumen: El presente trabajo tiene como fin el análisis del ejercicio legítimo del derecho a la objeción de conciencia en el personal sanitario cuando se solicita, por la paciente, el aborto voluntario, delimitando sus alcances y contorno jurídicamente protegibles dentro del sistema jurídico español, a partir del análisis de anteproyecto formulado contra la Ley Orgánica Nº 2/2010, del 3 de marzo, de salud sexual y reproductiva y de la interrupción del embarazo2 y de la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional Español, del 25 de septiembre de 2014.Abstract: The purpose of the present work is to analyze the legitimate exercise of the right to conscientious objection in the personal sanitary, when the patient requests the voluntary interruption of pregnancy, delimiting its scope and legally protectable outline within the Spanish legal system, from the Analysis of the preliminary draft formulated to reform the Organic Law Nº 2/2010, of March 3, on sexual and reproductive health and the interruption of pregnancy and the Judgment of the Spanish Constitutional Court, dated September 25, 2014
Hebe Carmen Pelosi, Aproximación a una lectura de Roger Callois, Buenos Aires, Biblioteca Nacional, 2015, 288 pp.
No full textÉtica constitucional y bien común
No full textResumen: Ser república genera una decisión ética frente a las cosas comunes y desde la Constitución se proyecta sobre la totalidad del Derecho y la convivencia.Abstract: Being part of a republic implies an ethical decision that projects from de Constitution to the entire legal system and the life of the community
Miguel Ángel de Marco, Sarmiento. Maestro de América. Constructor de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Emecé, 2016, 415 pp.
No full textMercy according to Pope Francis : value and limits of a discourse
No full textResumen: La centralidad que asigna Francisco a la misericordia en su magisterio se inscribe por un lado en una continuidad con los pontífices precedentes, en especial desde Juan XXIII, pero al mismo tiempo representa un aporte original: la misericordia debe traducirse en la primacía de la persona concreta sobre el sistema (estructuras, normas o doctrina). Esta originalidad sin embargo es todavía más una intuición y un propósito que una enseñanza clara y consistente. A partir del problema de las situaciones “llamadas” irregulares en Amoris laetitia, este estudio muestra cómo en el ámbito de los actuales debates morales su comprensión unívoca de la misericordia como actitud pastoral de perdón y negativa a juzgar los corazones se transforma por momentos en una relativización del juicio ético objetivo sobre los actos, generando dudas acerca de su adhesión a la doctrina de los absolutos morales. Sólo una visión más articulada de la misericordia, que junto con su función pastoral asuma su relevancia normativa, podrá hacer efectiva su centralidad, que es la de la persona misma.Abstract: The centrality of mercy in Francis’ teachings, on the one hand shows a continuity with the preceding pontiffs, especially since John XXIII, but on the other hand represents an original contribution: mercy purports the primacy of the concrete person over the system (structures, norms or doctrine). This originality, nevertheless, is currently rather an intuition than a clear and consistent teaching. Through the problem of the “so called” irregular situations in Amoris laetitia this work shows that, in the present moral debates, his univocal understanding of mercy as a pastoral attitude of pardon and refusal to judge hearts sometimes becomes a relativization of the objective ethical judgment of actions, which seems to put at stake the doctrine of moral absolutes. Only a more differentiated vision of mercy, that includes beyond its pastoral function a normative one, will be able to realize its centrality, which is the centrality of the person herself