RCAAP - Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal
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Differences between CO- and calcium triplet-derived velocity dispersions in spiral galaxies : evidence for central star formation?
No full textWe examine the stellar velocity dispersions (σ) of a sample of 48 galaxies, 35 of which are spirals, from the Palomar nearby galaxy survey. It is known that for ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and merger remnants, the σ derived from the near-infrared CO band heads is smaller than that measured from optical lines, while no discrepancy between these measurements is found for early-type galaxies. No such studies are available for spiral galaxies – the subject of this paper. We used cross-dispersed spectroscopic data obtained with the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph, with spectral coverage from 0.85 to 2.5 μm, to obtain σ measurements from the 2.29 μm CO band heads (σCO) and the 0.85 μm calcium triplet (σCaT). For the spiral galaxies in the sample, we found that σCO is smaller than σCaT, with a mean fractional difference of 14.3 per cent. The best fit to the data is given by σopt = (46.0 ± 18.1) + (0.85 ± 0.12)σCO. This ‘σ-discrepancy’ may be related to the presence of warm dust, as suggested by a slight correlation between the discrepancy and the infrared luminosity. This is consistent with studies that have found no σ-discrepancy in dust-poor early-type galaxies, and a much larger discrepancy in dusty merger remnants and ULIRGs. That σCO is lower than σopt may also indicate the presence of a dynamically cold stellar population component. This would agree with the spatial correspondence between low-σCO and young/intermediate-age stellar populations that has been observed in spatially resolved spectroscopy of a handful of galaxies
Gm and Inv allotypes of brazilian Cayapo indians
No full textData from 440 individuals belonging to four populations of Brazilian Cayapo Indians are reported. About 99% of them are Gm (1, 21) or Gm (1, 2, 21), while the frequency of sera with Inv (1) varies from 59%7 to 75%. These values are generally in accordance with those previously obtained among other South American Indians. The four populations can be separated into two groups if the distribution of Gm' 21 and Gm 2, 21 is considered, but this distinction is not apparent in the frequencies of Inv'. A surprisingly high number of samples showed antibody activity against the sensitized red cells, the total frequency of agglutinators being as high as 26%. It is suggested that the prevalence of anti-human globulins should be studied in other populations living at this stage of cultural development
Potential effects of fishing on cleaning interactions in a tropical reef
No full textWe investigated the effect of fishing on the behavior and abundance of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, by comparing cleaner fish density (underwater visual census) and behavior (focal animal observations) at a fished and a notake site. Cleaner fish density, as well as the number of individuals and species cleaned, did not differ significantly between sites; however, L. dimidiatus spent more time interacting (physical contact involving feeding bites) with individual clients at the no-take site, indicating that fishing can indirectly affect mutualistic interactions on tropical reefs
Incidence of uterine post abortion infection at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Is prophylactic antibiotic necessary?
No full textObjetivo: Identificar a incidência de infecção pélvica após aborto espontâneo submetido a esvaziamento uterino num hospital terciário do sul do Brasil e comparar com a literatura internacional. Métodos: Os prontuários eletrônicos do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre de todas as pacientes que foram submetidas ao esvaziamento uterino por abortamento entre agosto de 2008 e Janeiro de 2012 foram revisados. Foram incluídas no estudo todas as pacientes submetidas à curetagem uterina por abortamento e que tiveram consultas ambulatoriais de revisão após o procedimento. Os dados demográficos e laboratoriais da população estudada, number needed for treatment (NNT) e o number needed to harm (NNH) foram calculados. Resultados: Dos 857 prontuários eletrônicos revistos, 377 pacientes foram submetidas ao esvaziamento uterino por abortamento; 55 casos foram perdidos no seguimento, restando 322 casos que foram classificados como aborto não infectado na admissão. A maioria da população era da raça branca (79%); a prevalência de HIV e VDRL positivos foi de 0,3 e 2%, respectivamente. No seguimento desses 322 casos, num período mínimo de 7 dias, verificou-se que a incidência de infecção pós-procedimento foi de 1,8% (IC95%0,8 a 4). O NNT e o NNH calculado para 42 meses foi de 63 e 39, respectivamente. Conclusão: A incidência de infecção pós-aborto entre agosto de 2008 a janeiro de 2012 foi de 1,8% (0,8 a 4).Objective: To identify the incidence of infection post-uterine evacuation for miscarriage at a tertiary teaching hospital in southern Brazil. Methods: Electronic records of all patients admitted for uterine evacuation for miscarriage between August 2008 and January 2012 were revised. All patients submitted to uterine curettage for miscarriage and had outpatient follow-up were included. Demographic, laboratorial data of the sampled population, the number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH) were calculated. Results: From 857 reviewed electronic records, 377 underwent uterine evacuation for miscarriage. 55 cases were lost to follow-up, remaining 322 cases classified as non-infected miscarriage at admission. The majority of the population was white (79%); prevalence of positive HIV and VDRL was 0.3 and 2%, respectively. From 322 cases, within a week of follow-up, the incidence of post-miscarriage infection was 1.8% (95%CI 0.8 to 4). In a period of 42 months, the NNT and NNH were 63 and 39, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of infection after miscarriage between August 2008 and January 2012 was 1.8% (0.8 to 4)
Hemipelvectomies : treatment, functional outcome and prognostic of the pelvic tumors
No full textObjetivo: Demonstrar a experiência de uma única instituição em hemipelvectomias internas sem reconstrução. Avaliar as cirurgias pélvicas preservadoras e as amputações interílio-abdominais e seu prognóstico. Métodos: 21 pacientes com tumores primitivos pélvicos submetidos à hemipelvectomia com ou sem preservação de membro. Sete foram tratados com hemipelvectomias externas (amputação) e 14 com internas, entre junho de 2004 e julho de 2009. A classificação cirúrgica utilizada foi a de Enneking para tumores pélvicos. O método de avaliação funcional foi o escore de ISOLS/MSTS. Resultados: A sobrevida dos pacientes em dois anos foi de 63,9%. A média de sobrevida do grupo todo foi de 43 meses. A avaliação funcional demonstrou que as hemipelvectomias preservadoras com ressecção do osso inominado obtiveram 12,5%, 62,5% e 25% de resultados ruins, bons e excelentes, respectivamente. Nos casos em que o osso inominado foi preservado, os resultados foram 16,7% e 83,3% bons e excelentes, respectivamente. Conclusões: A hemipelvectomia é procedimento pouco usual e causador de importante limitação funcional e comorbidades. A alternativa de ressecar a hemipelve sem reconstrução tem demonstrado resultados tão bons quanto a não-reconstrução. Os elevados custos médicos, além das possíveis complicações com uso de enxerto e próteses justificam a técnica empregada neste artigo. Nível de Evidência IV, Estudo de caso-controle.Objective: To describe the experience of one single institution in internal hemipelvectomies without reconstruction and external hemipelvectomies. Methods: Twenty-one patients with primary tumors of the pelvic region underwent total hemipelvectomy, at Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, between 2004 and July 2009. Of these, seven were treated with external hemipelvectomy (classic) and 14 with internal hemipelvectomy. Evaluation was done based on Enneking’s surgical classification for internal hemipelvectomy. Results: Overal survival in two years was 63,9%. Median survival of 43 months. Functional outcomes demonstrated that procedures with inominate bone ressection reached 12,5%, 62,5% and 25% of bad, good and excellent results, respectively. When inominate bone was preserved the results were 16,7% and 83,3% good and excellent, respectively. No endoprosthesis or bone graft reconstructions were done. Conclusions: Hemipelvectomy is an unusual procedure that is rarely performed because it is infrequently indicated and because of its high morbidity rate. In some reports, the morbidity rate has reached 77% of the cases. We did not perform any type of reconstruction or arthrodesis based on complications and the experience of good results with this method. Our results are similar to the main reports and are still subject of discussion by the oncologic surgeons. Level of evidence IV, Case-control study
Repeatability of the evaluation of perception of dyspnea in normal subjects assessed through inspiratory resistive loads
No full textPurpose: Study the repeatability of the evaluation of the perception of dyspnea using an inspiratory resistive loading system in healthy subjects. Methods: We designed a cross sectional study conducted in individuals aged 18 years and older. Perception of dyspnea was assessed using an inspiratory resistive load system. Dyspnea was assessed during ventilation at rest and at increasing resistive loads (0.6, 6.7, 15, 25, 46.7, 67, 78 and returning to 0.6 cm H2O/L/s). After breathing in at each level of resistive load for two minutes, the subject rated the dyspnea using the Borg scale. Subjects were tested twice (intervals from 2 to 7 days). Results: Testing included 16 Caucasian individuals (8 male and 8 female, mean age: 36 years). The median scores for dyspnea rating in the first test were 0 at resting ventilation and 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7 and 1 point, respectively, with increasing loads. The median scores in the second test were 0 at resting and 0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4 and 0.5 points, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.57, 0.80, 0.74, 0.80, 0.83, 0.86, 0.91, and 0.92 for each resistive load, respectively. In a generalized linear model analysis, there was a statistically significant difference between the levels of resistive loads (p<0.001) and between tests (p=0.003). Dyspnea scores were significantly lower in the second test. Conclusion: The agreement between the two tests of the perception of dyspnea was only moderate and dyspnea scores were lower in the second test. These findings suggest a learning effect or an effect that could be at least partly attributed to desensitization of dyspnea sensation in the brain
El placer y el sufrimiento en el trabajo de las enfermeras de salud mental en el contexto de la reforma psiquiátrica
No full textObjetivo: conhecer os fatores de prazer e sofrimento dos enfermeiros que trabalham em serviços de atenção secundária de saúde mental, vinculados a um hospital universitário, no atual contexto da reforma psiquiátrica. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo exploratório realizado em serviços substitutivos de saúde mental de um hospital universitário de Porto Alegre/RS/Brasil, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com sete enfermeiros de saúde mental. Foi realizada Análise de Conteúdo das informações. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE nº 12331613.5.0000.5327. Resultados: apontam trabalho multiprofissional direcionado a usuários/família como fatores desencadeantes de prazer. Problemas de articulação com a rede de atenção psicossocial e dificuldades de mudar o paradigma biomédico de cuidado estão entre os fatores desencadeantes de sofrimento. Conclusão: deve ser entendida como imprescindível a transformação destes fatores desencadeantes de sofrimento em um gatilho para o trabalho criativo transformador.Objective: recognizing the factors of pleasure and suffering of nurses working in secondary mental health care services, linked to a university hospital, in the current context of psychiatric reform. Method: a qualitative descriptive exploratory study conducted in substitutive mental health services at a university hospital in Porto Alegre/RS/Brazil, through semi-structured interviews with seven mental health nurses. There was conducted Content Analysis of the information. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE nº 12331613.5.0000.5327. Results: link multidisciplinary approach aimed at users/family as triggers of pleasure. Problems related to the network of psychosocial care and difficulties to change the biomedical paradigm of care are among the triggers of suffering. Conclusion: it must be understood as essential the changes of these triggers of suffering into a trigger for transforming creative work.Objetivo: conocer los factores del placer y el sufrimiento de las enfermeras que trabajan en los servicios de atención secundaria de salud mental, vinculados a un hospital universitario, en el contexto actual de la reforma psiquiátrica. Método: un estudio cualitativo descriptivo exploratorio realizado en servicios sustitutivos de salud mental de un hospital universitario de Porto Alegre/RS/Brasil, a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con siete enfermeras de salud mental. Se llevó a cabo el Análisis de Contenido de las informaciones. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de la Ética en la Investigación, CAAE nº 12331613.5.0000.5327. Resultados: apuntan trabajo multidisciplinar dirigido a usuarios/familiares como factores desencadenantes de placer. Problemas de las articulaciones con la red de atención psicosocial y las dificultades para cambiar el paradigma biomédico de la atención están entre los factores desencadenantes de sufrimiento. Conclusión: a entenderse como esencial la transformación de estos factores desencadenantes de sufrimiento en un detonante para el trabajo creativo transformador
Changes myofunctional in adults and elderly users dental prosthesis
No full textObjective: To describe the myofunctional oral aspects of adults and elders users of dental prosthesis. Materials and methods: The subjects were divided into six groups according to the type of dental prosthesis. The instruments for data collection were an interview with sociodemographic data and clinical speech pathology assessment through the Miofunctional Oral Assessment protocol. Results: 41 prosthesis users participated. Regarding the changes in the stomatognathic system, it was perceived the cut of food changed in 42% of users and 20% of non users. With relation to type of mastication, it was found unilateral mastication in 41% of dental prosthesis users and for 36,36% of non users of dental prosthesis. The swallowing changed was found in 70% of prosthesis users and 66.6% of non-users. Only the five group composed by users of upper and lower prosthesis presented a mastication time of 9 sec. greater than that found in the literature and the other study groups. Among prosthesis users 17.07% had abnormal speech and among non users nobody had abnormal speech. Conclusion: there are structural and functional modifications of the stomatognathic system arising from the use of removable prosthesis, which demonstrates the importance of interdisciplinary work between speech therapy and dentistry in the adaptation of dental prosthesis, allowing faster adaptation and effectively, minimizing the losses of stomatognathic functions and quality of life.Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos miofuncionais orais dos indivíduos adultos e idosos usuários de próteses dentárias. Materiais e métodos: Os sujeitos foram divididos em seis grupos de acordo com o tipo de prótese dentária. Os instrumentos para a coleta dos dados foram anamnese com dados sociodemográficos e avaliação fonoaudiológica através do protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Oral. Resultados: Participaram 41 usuários de prótese dentária. Com relação às alterações do sistema estomatognático foi percebido corte do alimento alterado em 42% dos usuários e em 20% dos não usuários de prótese. Quanto ao tipo de mastigação encontramos mastigação unilateral em 41% dos usuários de prótese dentária e em 36,36% dos não usuários de prótese dentária. A alteração de deglutição foi encontrada em 70% dos usuários de prótese dentária e em 66,6% dos não usuários. Apenas o grupo cinco composto por usuários de prótese superior e inferior apresentou um tempo mastigatório de 9 seg. maior do que o encontrado na literatura e do que os demais grupos do estudo. Dentre os usuários de prótese dentária 17,07% apresentaram alteração de fala e dentre os não usuários de prótese dentária ninguém apresentou alteração de fala. Conclusão: existem modificações estruturais e funcionais do sistema estomatognático decorrentes do uso da prótese dentária removível, o que demonstra a importância de um trabalho interdisciplinar entre a fonoaudiologia e a odontologia na adaptação das próteses dentárias, propiciando uma adaptação mais rápida e eficaz, minimizando os prejuízos das funções estomatognáticas e da qualidade de vida
