50716 research outputs found
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Prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis infections in humans in Thailand:a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textEnhancing national digital resilience with digital commons
No full textThis stakeholder engagement tool summarises how governments can benefit from digital commons solutions: (1) Securing digital sovereignty, (2) Investing for the future, (3) Building trust. An online FAQ <https://dcpc.info/faq/> expands on these points and as well as proposing resources on procurement, firm support, products and services
Designing transformative service initiatives (TSIs) in polarised contexts: a framework for effective practice
No full textThe healthcare experience of young stroke survivors:an interpretative phenomenological study
Get PDFPurpose: While stroke is becoming increasingly prevalent in young people (<65 years), diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and management continue to reflect the needs of older people. This study aimed to characterise and appreciate the healthcare experiences of young stroke survivors, whose needs and trajectories differ from those of older people. Materials and methods: Qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 stroke survivors aged 18–49 using virtual conferencing software. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Four main themes were identified that reflect the experiences and needs of young stroke survivors and are (1) The health system overlooks the experiences and needs of young stroke survivors; (2) Support is fragmented rather than holistic; (3) Feelings of helplessness at a time agency is required; and (4) Positive attitudes despite challenges. Conclusions: The experiences of young stroke survivors are distinct. Health services that consider the unique trajectories of young stroke survivors will better facilitate rehabilitation and support for this population.</p
Explainable Human-centered Traits from Head Motion and Facial Expression Dynamics
No full textWe explore the efficacy of multimodal behavioral cues for explainable prediction of personality and interview-specific traits. We utilize elementary head-motion units named kinemes, atomic facial movements termed action units and speech features to estimate these human-centered traits. Empirical results confirm that kinemes and action units enable discovery of multiple trait-specific behaviors while also enabling explainability in support of the predictions. For fusing cues, we explore decision and feature-level fusion, and an additive attention-based fusion strategy which quantifies the relative importance of the three modalities for trait prediction. Examining various long-short term memory (LSTM) architectures for classification and regression on the MIT Interview and First Impressions Candidate Screening (FICS) datasets, we note that: (1) Multimodal approaches outperform unimodal counterparts, achieving the highest PCC of 0.98 for Excited-Friendly traits in MIT and 0.57 for Extraversion in FICS; (2) Efficient trait predictions and plausible explanations are achieved with both unimodal and multimodal approaches, and (3) Following the thin-slice approach, effective trait prediction is achieved even from two-second behavioral snippets. Our implementation code is available at: https://github.com/deepsurbhi8/Explainable_Human_Traits_ Prediction.</p
Guidebook for Deliberative Engagement:Key Features and Practical Insights
No full textThis Guidebook is a comprehensive resource for designing, implementing, and evaluating deliberative engagement. It is developed to assist government agencies across Australia in selecting the most appropriate methods for deliberative engagement and effectively put them into practice. The Guidebook is informed by decades of research and practical experience in the field of deliberative democracy. The advice presented in the Guidebook has been grounded in practice by a series of conversations led by the Centre for Deliberative Democracy with stakeholders from across NSW Government agencies in 2024
Upscaling marine and coastal restoration through legal and governance solutions:Lessons from global bright spots
No full textThere is a global imperative to upscale restoration in line with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Upscaling of marine and coastal restoration is hindered by legal and governance barriers. Identifying both the types of barriers and potential solutions from global ‘bright spots’ is a first step toward implementing legal and governance frameworks to facilitate upscaling of marine and coastal restoration. Here we identify five types of barriers including (a) lack of fit-for-purpose permitting frameworks, (b) tenure issues, (c) concerns regarding risk and liability, (d) a lack of overarching targets for restoration, and (e) uncoordinated governance frameworks. For each barrier, we conduct a broad analysis of legal and governance solutions from across the world. Our analysis provides a guide for future research and law and governance reform
Ankle joint position sense acuity differences among stroke survivors at three walking ability levels: a cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Despite the importance of lower limb sensation in walking highlighted in systematic reviews, there is limited research investigating the effect of proprioceptive deficits after stroke and any relationship with walking ability. Objectives: With stroke survivors of different walking ability, this study aimed to (1) explore side (affected/unaffected) and movement direction (inversion/plantar flexion) effects in ankle joint position sense (JPS) acuity, and (2) compare ankle JPS acuity between groups of stroke survivors with different walking ability. Methods: Seventy subacute stroke survivors were recruited and divided into three groups based on walking ability, as determined by their gait speed on the 10-Meter Walking Test: household (<0.4 m/s), limited community (0.4–0.8 m/s) and community (>0.8 m/s). Ankle JPS acuity was measured by the active movement extent discrimination apparatus (AMEDA). Results: A significant difference was found between sides, with the AMEDA scores for the unaffected side significantly higher than for the affected side (F 1.67 = 22.508, p < 0.001). The mean AMEDA scores for plantar flexion were significantly higher than for inversion (F 1.67 = 21.366, p < 0.001). There was a significant linear increase in ankle JPS acuity with increasing walking ability among stroke survivors (F 1.67 = 17.802, p < 0.001). Conclusion: After stroke, ankle JPS acuity on the affected side was lower than the unaffected side. Stroke survivors had higher ankle JPS acuity in plantar-flexion movements, compared with inversion movements. Overall, stroke survivors with higher ankle JPS acuity tended to have higher walking ability, highlighting the importance of ankle JPS acuity in walking ability after stroke. These findings provide new insights into proprioceptive deficits after stroke and their relevance in neurorehabilitation.</p
Parental Experiences of Quality of Life When Caring for Their Children With Intellectual Disability: A Meta-Aggregation Systematic Review
No full textBackgroundParents of children with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities play a crucial role in providing direct care but often demonstrate heightened parental stress and reduced quality of life. This review explores perceived quality of life from the experiences of parents when caring for young and adult children.MethodA qualitative systematic review following Joanna Briggs Institute meta-aggregation approach has been completed and reported according to PRISMA guidelines.FindingsSeventeen qualitative studies were included. Three synthesised findings were identified: ‘Challenges and rewards of being a parent carer’, ‘The real cost of caregiver burden’ and ‘Surrendering self for duty – the mothers role’.ConclusionParents of children with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities reported diminished quality of life for themselves and their families, experiencing increased physical and mental health issues associated with caregiving burdens. Future research is needed that determine what effective support systems and interventions are needed to alleviate parental caregiver burden
Unveiling the Craving:A systematic review of pregnant women's desires for expert nutrition care in Australia
No full textProblem: Poor nutrition during the antenatal period can contribute to adverse health outcomes for both mother and baby. Background: Despite the importance of nutrition during pregnancy, there is limited research exploring the attitudes and experiences pregnant women possess towards nutrition care, particularly within the Australian context. Existing literature has indicated that pregnant women lack knowledge of and are not adhering to pregnancy related nutrition recommendations. Furthermore, although pregnant women rely on many health professionals for nutrition care, there are deficiencies in both the quality and quantity of care provided. Aim: The aim of this meta-aggregative review was to explore the experiences and attitudes pregnant women in Australia have towards nutrition care. Methods: Meta-aggregation was used to synthesise qualitative studies. A search strategy was applied to four electronic databases in May 2023.The findings were extracted and synthesised via the JBI approach. Findings: A total of 719 studies were identified in the initial database search with seven eligible studies included in the meta-aggregation. From 11 categories, three synthesised findings were developed: (i) approaches to nutrition care delivery matters, (ii) quality and quantity of nutrition care is insufficient, and (iii) pregnant women value nutrition care. Conclusion: This review highlights pregnant women's desires for better nutrition care in Australia, with current provision of nutrition care lacking in quality and quantity. Improved antenatal dietetics services and increased health professional nutrition training is necessary to address these concerns.</p