50716 research outputs found
Sort by
Upscaling marine and coastal restoration through legal and governance solutions:Lessons from global bright spots
No full textThere is a global imperative to upscale restoration in line with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Upscaling of marine and coastal restoration is hindered by legal and governance barriers. Identifying both the types of barriers and potential solutions from global ‘bright spots’ is a first step toward implementing legal and governance frameworks to facilitate upscaling of marine and coastal restoration. Here we identify five types of barriers including (a) lack of fit-for-purpose permitting frameworks, (b) tenure issues, (c) concerns regarding risk and liability, (d) a lack of overarching targets for restoration, and (e) uncoordinated governance frameworks. For each barrier, we conduct a broad analysis of legal and governance solutions from across the world. Our analysis provides a guide for future research and law and governance reform
The determinants of corruption: empirical evidence from Indonesia at the sub-national level
No full textThis paper employed empirical models and judicial corruption reports to analyse Indonesian corruption. Economic, social demographic, infrastructural, and political variables may influence corruption in Indonesia. A dynamic panel regression model was used to a district-level panel dataset for specified variables from 2004 to 2014. Results indicated that economic and political variables most affected corruption. Additionally, regional study of neighbouring locations showed that corruption eradication initiatives spread. This study indicates that the number of cases prosecuted might also indicate court system progress. When temporal autocorrelation was included to the model, earlier corruption experience boosted present corruption cases
Unstructured Parental Feedback at A Tertiary Maternity Hospital:A Cohort Study Using Routinely Collected Health Data
No full textBackground: Hospital care for neonates can be challenging for parents, and a negative parental experience can affect the well-being of the infant after discharge. A family-centred approach is the gold standard of care in neonatology. Aim: This study aimed to identify common themes in voluntary unstructured feedback received from parents and caregivers of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, special care nursery or postnatal ward or followed up by neonatal outpatient services at a tertiary Australian Women and Children's Hospital. These findings are intended to inform the development of effective family-centred neonatal care approaches. Methods: This single-centre observational study used routinely collected unstructured parental voluntary feedback received between 2010 and 2021. All feedback is entered prospectively in the online consumer feedback module of a reporting database (RiskMan). Deductive thematic analysis (whereby themes, codes and categories were chosen prior to the analysis) was used to analyse the extracted quotations. Results: During the study period, 3533 unstructured feedback items were received. Most of the feedback received was compliments (2725/3533, 77.1%). The main feedback category was ‘staff competency and efficiency’, which accounted for 80.8% (2201/2755) of the compliments and 45.0% (364/808) of the complaints. Most complaints were from outpatient services and postnatal wards and centred around ‘infrastructure and systems’ (280/808, 34.7%) and ‘information, explanation and communication’ (152/808, 18.8%). Conclusions: Parental satisfaction was positively affected by ‘staff competency and efficiency’. This study supports collecting and analysing unstructured feedback to reflect parental experiences and drive quality improvement.</p
Structural Transformation as Development Path Dependence and Geopolitics:Path Dependence and Geopolitics
No full textThis book evaluates development progress using the lens of structural transformation in four groups of developing countries: Africa’s least developed countries (LDCs), Asia’s LDCs, landlocked Central Asian countries, and Pacific small island states. The analysis presented is contextualized in the diverse economic characteristics and geopolitical landscape of the four categories of countries. It emphasises critical binding factors unique for each category. Therefore, the chapter on Africa’s LDCs emphasises their path dependence determined by colonial exploitation and maintained through neo-colonial arrangements. The chapter on Asia’s LDCs highlights their democratic deficits and influences of geopolitical rivalries among global and regional powers. The chapter on landlocked Central Asian countries focuses more on the unique transition experience of those countries coming out from USSR hinterlands to independent states in the wake of the third wave of democratisation in the 1990s. Lastly the evaluation of Pacific small island states is very much influenced by the fate of geography for being small in size and remotely located. The diverse coverage offers readers rich political economy explanations of varied, but largely poor, structural transformation experiences. The book is nontechnical, with descriptive, narrative, and analytical approaches on comparative development, making it suitable and accessible for non-specialist audiences.</p
Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Uptake Among Australian Healthcare Professionals:An Archetype for Success
Get PDFBACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Qualitative research suggests there may be identifiable characteristics that form a health professional (HCP) archetype associated with habitual seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV). However, the validity of this archetype requires further investigation, ideally within a theoretical framework that can elucidate this association and its generalisability to other vaccines. This study aims to confirm key HCP archetype characteristics associated with SIV, as informed by prior qualitative research findings, and test the generalisability of the association between this archetype and SIV to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was designed and distributed to an Australian HCP sample consisting of practicing nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and medical practitioners. The anonymous online survey measured key characteristics that predict vaccination behaviour and intention.RESULTS: Most participants (n = 173) demonstrated habitual SIV behaviour (77.91%) associated with the intention to vaccinate in the future. Survey findings supported the HCP archetype, as key constructs were associated with vaccination intention and behaviour, including heightened professional responsibility, vaccine confidence, and protection of self and patients. Furthermore, results suggested progressing vaccination intention to behaviour, overcoming vaccine complacency, is possible through the provision of free, accessible vaccination services. These critical factors were broadly generalisable to the COVID-19 vaccine.CONCLUSIONS: A vaccination-positive HCP archetype, supported by access to free, convenient vaccination services, was associated with the likelihood of future vaccination behaviour, including in future pandemic response scenarios. However, it will be important to ensure that HCP vaccine knowledge gaps are minimised to enhance trust in this cohort to enable broad success.</p
An invasive pathogen generally contracts species to their niche cores, not margins
No full textQuantifying how species' distributions contract in response to threats can reveal pathways of decline and the role of environmental conditions in moderating threat impacts. Two general patterns of niche contraction have been described: ecological marginalization, where species contract away from threat impacts to peripheral, sub-optimal areas of their niche, and; contraction to the core, where species contract toward their niche center where their fitness and capacity to withstand threat impacts is highest. Recent work has described widespread ecological marginalization in declining mammal species, for which land use change and overexploitation are key threats. Different threatening processes could result in contrasting patterns of niche contraction, although this has not been well-studied. Here, we examine patterns of realized niche contraction in Australian frog species impacted by the emergence of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a pathogen that has driven catastrophic amphibian declines globally. We quantified changes in species' environmental niche space following chytrid emergence and documented a pattern of contraction toward the niche core in declining species. We develop and apply a novel approach to show that these niche contractions are driven by losses in a subset of niche space, suggesting population extinctions due to chytrid are driven by factors shaping both pathogen fitness (threat impact) and host fitness (threat tolerance). Species declines have been concentrated in high elevation areas with cooler temperatures, which are more physiologically suitable for the pathogen and constrain the resilience of frog hosts at both individual and population levels. Given the contrast between our results and widespread ecological marginalization in mammals, we propose that while a given threat may result in common patterns of decline among affected species, patterns of decline may vary considerably between threatening processes and among taxa.</p
Guidebook for Deliberative Engagement:Key Features and Practical Insights
No full textThis Guidebook is a comprehensive resource for designing, implementing, and evaluating deliberative engagement. It is developed to assist government agencies across Australia in selecting the most appropriate methods for deliberative engagement and effectively put them into practice. The Guidebook is informed by decades of research and practical experience in the field of deliberative democracy. The advice presented in the Guidebook has been grounded in practice by a series of conversations led by the Centre for Deliberative Democracy with stakeholders from across NSW Government agencies in 2024
Care experience and deportation: Exploring interactions between child protection, criminal justice and migration control
No full textThis paper explores the interactions between three government systems of ‘care and control’ – child protection, criminal justice and border protection. Strikingly, these systems target racialised populations for interventions that are experienced as (mostly) punitive. Through qualitative case studies drawn from a sample of mandatory visa cancellation cases in the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, I explore how non-citizens with experience of Out-of-Home Care (OOHC) withstand the convergence of criminal and immigration law, known as ‘crimmigration’. I argue that care experience contours crimmigration for those entangled within these systems in three significant ways. First, the ‘flow on’ effects of the criminalisation of those with care experience has unique consequences for non-citizens, bringing them into the purview of s501 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth), and the possibility of discretionary or mandatory visa cancellation. Second, non-citizens in child protection who face insecure visa status are prevented from accessing certain health supports ordinarily available to citizens, which enhances their vulnerability. Third, government failures to act as a ‘parent’ to secure the visa status of non-citizens in child protection denies them protection from deportation. This article shows how non-citizens with care experience face heightened exposure to crimmigration and deportation
Corruption and Indonesia’s Regional Economic Performance
No full textWhether corruption supports or hampers economic growth is a vexed theme in developmentresearch, particularly at the sub-national level where research is scant. This paper usescorruption data from court reports to analyse how corruption affects economic performance atthe sub-national level in Indonesia. The regression models use dynamic panel estimationincorporating spatial dependence, and dealing with endogeneity and omitted variables. We finda consistent negative effect of corruption on regional growth across all specifications. Spatialeffects reveal the influence of neighbouring districts’ growth, which amplifies the negativeimpact of corruption. Evaluating potential pathways of corruption indicates government size,poverty, education, and infrastructure do not significantly mediate corruption at the sub-national level. The policy implication is that anti-corruption efforts need not only be targetedbut also well-coordinated: merely maintaining the level of government service or provision ofinfrastructure does not address the negative consequence of corruption on regional economicgrowt