50716 research outputs found
Sort by
Variability of Terminology Used to Describe Unwanted Workplace Behaviors in Nursing:A Scoping Review
No full textBackground: Unwanted workplace behaviors impact all organizations, but in the discipline of nursing, these behaviors impact both the welfare of nurses and the quality and safety of patient care. The terminology adopted to describe these behaviors varies widely, leading to confusion and inconsistency in research and practice. Objectives: This scoping review aims to explore the variability in the terminology used to describe unwanted workplace behaviors in nursing, identify the most commonly used terms, and analyze the implications of this variability for research, policy, and practice. Methods: The Population, Concept, and Context mnemonic was used to frame the review, as recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using relevant databases. Keywords used in the search included “moral harassment, nursing, definition, meaning, description,” “Shaming,” “Mobbing,” “Bullying,” “Vertical violence,” “Horizontal violence,” “Incivility,” “Microaggression,” “Lateral violence.” Boolean operators (AND, OR) were used to combine search terms appropriately. Results: The initial search yielded 299 references. Following full-text screening, 51 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. The review revealed 13 different terms used to describe unwanted workplace behaviors. Conclusion: The review highlights a lack of consensus across the discipline. There is a call for a singular term to be applied across the field which would support policy implementation and practice.</p
Artificial Waterbodies:A Valuable Source of eDNA for Detecting Threatened Birds
No full textEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) has transformed biodiversity monitoring, especially in aquatic environments; yet, its application in terrestrial habitats remains limited. In arid regions, artificial waterbodies, such as farm dams and water troughs, serve as essential resources for wildlife and offer a promising but underutilised opportunity for eDNA-based detection. Here, we designed and validated a highly sensitive, species-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to detect the nationally threatened southern squatter pigeon (Geophaps scripta scripta). We validated the qPCR assay in the field by successfully detecting the target species at extremely low DNA concentrations (1 × 10−7 ng/μL; r2 = 0.992) using both active syringe and passive filtration methods across multiple farm dams and water troughs on a 20,000-ha cattle property in northern Australia. To complement eDNA analysis, we also undertook standardised 20-min, 2-ha bird surveys at these sites. Positive detections were recorded at both trough and dam sites during the austral tropical dry season. Notably, whilst eDNA detections and visual bird counts aligned in terms of the number of occupied sites, their exact locations did not always coincide, highlighting the complementary nature of these two monitoring techniques. This assay represents a significant advancement in the conservation of this threatened ground-nesting species, demonstrating that eDNA sampling at artificial waterpoints is a viable tool for monitoring terrestrial fauna in remote, semi-arid landscapes.</p
Examining Consumer Appraisals of Deepfake Advertising and Disclosure: Show Deepfakes as “Real Life” or Say They’re “Just Fantasy”?
No full textDeepfakes are a controversial and emerging AI-facilitated advertising tool warrantingempirical exploration. This research explores the phenomenon of deepfake advertising,and how deepfake quality, disclosure presence, and disclosure characteristics areappraised by consumers to influence advertising outcomes. Across three experimentalstudies utilizing deepfake advertisements, this research reveals that high-qualitydeepfake advertisements are appraised similarly to their original counterparts. Highquality,disclosed deepfakes trigger an emotion-value appraisal process which explainsconsumer responses and subsequent advertising outcomes. Disclosure presence andtiming influence this process and can enhance or hinder advertising effectiveness
Precision Nutrition for Dementia: Exploring the Potential in Mitigating Dementia Progression
No full textPrecision nutrition is a tailored dietary approach that considers an individual’s genetic and metabolic profile, lifestyle factors, and specific nutritional needs to improve health and potentially modify disease progression. While research is ongoing into precision nutrition approaches for preventing dementia, there is no evidence on its targeted application to slow dementia-related disease progression and mitigate functional and cognitive decline. This narrative review addresses this gap by synthesising evidence on nutrient–gene interactions, genotype, gut microbiome, nutritional status and the interplay between metabolic pathways implicated in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration to modify disease progression in a protective or therapeutic manner. Understanding and addressing comorbidities that share pathological mechanisms with dementia have the potential to enhance the understanding of precision nutrition to inform more effective, tailored approaches to slow dementia progression. To increase the robustness of precision nutrition trials for people with dementia, further research is needed into biomarker discovery, multi-omics technologies, and increasing mechanistic research to map the precise biological pathways underpinning the interactions between diet, gene expression, and neuroinflammation. Moreover, there is a need to evaluate the feasibility of precision nutrition for people experiencing cognitive impairment. Addressing these gaps will determine if people with dementia can benefit from precision nutrition and, subsequently, improve their quality of life and health outcomes
Sampling perception-action couplings from competition create representative basketball shooting tasks:A replication and extension of Gorman and Maloney (2016)
Get PDFDesigning representative learning tasks requires a theoretically informed sampling of key performer-environment interactions. This study sampled the constraints from basketball to create a representative environment by examining the effect of a defender on the shooting performance of skilled female basketballers. Participants performed a one-on-one defended shooting task and an undefended shooting task. Temporal variables were recorded during each shooting task, and a sample of the cohort completed a focus group to gain qualitative insights into each testing condition. Results found that the defended condition caused a decrease in shooting accuracy and shot execution time, with an increase in ball flight time and jump time compared to the undefended condition. Within-subject variability increased in the defended condition for jump time and shot execution time, suggesting that the presence of the defender prompted players to change their movements. Shooting accuracy in the defended condition showed a high correlation to the shooting accuracy exhibited in competition statistics. Qualitative data revealed three themes; affective-cognitive response, sampling to design representative practice tasks, and shooting as an adaptive skill. Introducing a defender into a shooting practice task created a more representative activity that influenced the players’ shooting technique and accuracy. The players adapted to the presence of a defender by executing their shot faster, increasing jump time, and increasing the flight time of the ball. Sampling key performance constraints to create defended situations may encourage a more adaptable technique, resulting in greater skill transfer from training to in-game performance.</p
The 2024 report of the MJA–Lancet Countdown on health and climate change:Australia emerging as a hotspot for litigation
Get PDFThe MJA–Lancet Countdown on health and climate change in Australia was established in 2017 and produced its first national assessment in 2018 and annual updates in 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023. It examines five broad domains: health hazards, exposures and impacts; adaptation, planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. In this, the seventh report of the MJA–Lancet Countdown, we track progress on an extensive suite of indicators across these five domains, accessing and presenting the latest data and further refining and developing our analyses. We also examine selected indicators of trends in health and climate change in New Zealand. Our analyses show the exposure to heatwaves is growing in Australia, increasing the risk of heat stress and other health threats such as bushfires and drought. Our analyses also highlight continuing deficiencies in Australia's response to the health and climate change threat. A key component of Australia's capacity to respond to bushfires, its number of firefighting volunteers, is in decline, dropping by 38 442 people (17%) in just seven years. Australia's total energy supply remains dominated by fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), and although energy from coal decreased from 2021 to 2023, energy from oil increased, and transport energy from petrol grew substantially in 2021–22 (the most recent year for which data are available). Greenhouse gas emissions from Australia's health care sector in 2021 rose to their highest level since 2010. In other areas some progress is being made. The Australian Government completed the first pass of the National Climate Risk Assessment, which included health and social support as one of the eleven priority risks, based in part on the assessed severity of impact. Renewable sources such as wind and solar now provide almost 40% of Australia's electricity, with growth in both large-scale and small-scale (eg, household) renewable generation and battery storage systems. The sale of electric vehicles reached an all-time high in 2023 of 98 436, accounting for 8.47% of all new vehicle sales. Although Australia had a reprieve from major catastrophic climate events in 2023, New Zealand experienced cyclone Gabrielle and unprecedented floods, which contributed to the highest displacement of people and insured economic losses over the period of our analyses (ie, since the year 2010 and 2000 respectively). Nationally, regionally and globally, the next five years are pivotal in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning energy production to renewables. Australia is now making progress in this direction. This progress must continue and accelerate, and the remaining deficiencies in Australia's response to the health and climate change threat must be addressed. There are strong signs that Australians are increasingly engaged and acting on health and climate change, and our new indicator on health and climate change litigation in Australia demonstrates the legal system is active on this issue in this country. Our 2022 and 2023 reports signalled our intentions to introduce indicators on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and climate change, and mental health and climate change in Australia. Although the development of appropriate indicators is challenging, these are key areas and we expect our reporting on them will commence in our next report.</p
Estimating the Fiscal Value of Children Conceived from Assisted Reproduction Technology in Australia Applying a Public Economic Perspective
Get PDFBackground: Public funding for assisted reproduction varies across countries, which can influence the numbers of infertile couples treated annually, and consequently the numbers of children born each year from this technology. As infertility is a medical condition treated within the healthcare system, it must compete against all other medical interventions for funding. This raises questions about how to evaluate a technology that gives rise to human life compared with other healthcare interventions that reduce morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate annual public spending on assisted reproduction technology (ART) in Australia to determine the likely fiscal impact for government over the projected lifetime of an ART-conceived birth cohort. Methods: A public economic framework was used to evaluate the number of children born from ART procedures performed in Australia in 2021 based on projected future lifetime tax contributions and public benefits received. We leveraged data from the Survey of Income and Housing conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and imputations from tax-transfer microsimulations over the lifetime of the cohort estimating cumulative net-taxes. Public spending per pupil for education and lifetime health costs (in Australian dollars) were included in the benefits estimates. Results: We estimated lifetime gross taxes per individual of A580 182 in direct taxation of earnings and A70 688 in discounted lifetime net tax revenue. Based on average government spend per child, a lifetime fiscal benefit-cost ratio of 2.68 was observed. Based on the 2021 ART treatment cohort, the government was projected to net A1 spent on assisted reproduction yielded A$2.68 in future discounted net tax revenue. These findings were sensitive to economic conditions such as future wage growth and inflation.</p
A protocol using mixed methods for the impact analysis of the implementation of the EMPOWER project:An eHealth intervention to promote mental health and well-being in European workplaces
Get PDFIntroduction Mental health at the workplace has been identified as a major priority by the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite its significance, international studies examining the influence of digital mental health interventions on workplace implementation and outcomes are lacking. The European Platform to Promote Well-being and Health in the Workplace (EMPOWER) platform is an eHealth intervention consisting of a website and web-based app designed to guide employers and employees on the prevention of common health problems, reduce presenteeism and absenteeism in the workplace. The aim of this paper is to describe the rationale and methods that will be used to conduct a maxi impact analysis of the processes undertaken to develop and implement the EMPOWER platform in European workplaces using the Global Impact Analytics Framework (GIAF) methodology. Methods and analysis We will undertake a mixed-methods analysis of the impact of the process of implementation in the two phases of implementation (initiation and maturity - the early implementation phase). The primary methodology that will be used for the analysis is the GIAF and toolkit. The GIAF toolkit includes a taxonomy (knowledge map), glossary and checklists to examine and rate the EMPOWER project across various domains of impact: planning, pre-engagement, readiness, usability, dissemination, adoption and uptake. Information will be collected from a range of sources through different methods and used to rate the EMPOWER platform (website and app) on each domain. For reliability and validity, four raters will independently rate the EMPOWER platform using the same information. The analysis will include qualitative and quantitative methods to rate on standardised ladders and scales in the GIAF toolkit. Analysis will include descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests where relevant. The information gained will be reviewed in a subgroup (per country) and group (three country) analysis for formative and key summative learnings. These key learnings will be synthesised to generate organisational learnings and insights for the EMPOWER consortium to improve future intervention implementation processes. Ethics and dissemination The impact analysis study protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the University of Canberra (ID:202311841) and also the Fundació Sant Joan de Déu (PIC-39-20). The participating countries for the RCT (EMPOWER study) also obtained ethical approval through their respective ethical organisations in the participating countries. The impact analysis is registered with the Open Science Framework ID osf.io/eysc9. The EMPOWER project trial is registered at ClinicalTrial.gov with trial ID NCT04907604. The outcomes of the impact analysis study will be disseminated via conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals and key organisational learnings presented in relevant forums. Trial registration number NCT04907604.</p
Constructing a Typology of Learner Archetypes: Insights from Health Professionals’ Lived Experiences of Learning Genomics in the Workplace:Typology of Learner Archetypes
No full textInnovations, including genomics, will reshape the healthcare workforce’s practice. Workplace learning, fundamental in healthcare professional education and training, plays an important role in healthcare implementation and workforce preparedness. However, no empirical research has explored genomic workplace learning experiences. To address this gap, we explored doctors’ lived experiences and attitudes toward learning genomics in the workplace. Doctors working in hospitals in Victoria, Australia with access to clinical genetics were invited to participate in this longitudinal phenomenological study. After confirming eligibility, ten doctors representing a range of specialties, career stages, workplaces, and genomic experiences completed longitudinal semi-structured interviews and submitted monthly reflective narratives on genomic workplace learning experiences. Participant datasets were collected over five to thirteen months. We applied narrative analysis to construct a learner 'archetype' from each participant’s dataset. Deductive content analysis was then conducted to sort and synthesize the archetypes into a typology. Each participantreported unique genomic workplace learning experiences, primarily shaped bytheir work context. From each participant's dataset, we constructed ten meta-stories and ‘Archetypes’, capturing the essence of their lived experience. We then synthesized the Archetypes into four learner attitude groups, constructing the Typology of Genomic Learner Archetypes. Work contexts shape genomic workplace learning experiences and attitudes.This is the first empirical research demonstrating the utility of workplace learning as a pragmatic theory for innovation implementation. Constructed from lived experience data, the Genomic Learner Archetypes and Typology can inform and ensure interventions and supports are appropriately tailored to holistically address the workforce’s learning and work needs
Western Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: Contribution to state product and industry value add:Final Report
No full textThe report provides estimates of cultural and creative activity value add and gross state product (GSP) for all of Western Australia (WA) and for 14 creative domains. It first details the need to deal with different approaches to formulating a satellite account for cultural and creative activity. While we follow methods developed by the Bureau of Communications, Arts and Regional Research (BCARR) in its 2024 refresh of the cultural and creative satellite accounts originally developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), we also include results for Computer Systems Design in order to capture the full extent of the value of creative work in WA.Some caution should be used in interpreting the statistics in this report. These are estimates calculated by our University of Canberra (UC) research team, based on estimates calculated by the FootPrintLab and the ABS. The trends and relative comparisons presented here are highly informative and are the most important findings, but we recommend avoiding any emphasis of standalone numbers taken out of the context of trend and comparative analysis