50716 research outputs found
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“I Wasn’t Gonna Quit, but by Hook or by Crook I was Gonna Find a Way Through for the Kids”:A Narrative Inquiry, of Mothers and Practitioners, Exploring the Help-seeking of Mothers’ Experiencing Child to Parent Violence
Get PDFPurpose: Child to parent violence is a significant concern that has been researched over the last sixty years. However, little is known about the help-seeking pathways of parents experiencing child to parent violence (CPV). Barriers and enablers to disclosing CPV have been explored, and responses to address CPV have been nominally researched. The mapping of a disclosure to a choice of where to get help has not occurred. This study seeks to map help-seeking pathways of mothers and considers these pathways in regards to the relations within families and sociomaterial conditions. Method: This narrative inquiry utilizes response-based practice and Barad’s concept ‘intra-action’ to examine interviews with mothers (n = 11) who experience CPV, and practitioners (n = 19) who work with families experiencing CPV. Results: Five help-seeking pathways of mothers are found in this study. Three themes evident across the pathways are explored including: (1) help-seeking within pre-existing relationships; (2) mothers’ feelings of fear, shame and judgement entangled with help-seeking; and (3) conditions which enable and hinder help-seeking from family. Conclusions: This study finds sociomaterial conditions such as single motherhood and judgement limit help-seeking possibilities. Further, this study finds help-seeking occurs within pre-existing relationships along with the entanglement of CPV with other issues such as intimate partner violence (IPV) and homelessness. This study demonstrates the benefits of employing a response-based approach alongside ‘intra-action’ within a research and practice context.</p
Performance Benefits of Pre- and Per-cooling on Self-paced Versus Constant Workload Exercise:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Exercise in hot environments impairs endurance performance. Cooling interventions can attenuate the impact of heat stress on performance, but the influence of an exercise protocol on the magnitude of performance benefit remains unknown. This meta-analytical review compared the effects of pre- and per-cooling interventions on performance during self-paced and constant workload exercise in the heat.METHODS: The study protocol was preregistered at the Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/wqjb3 ). A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE from inception to 9 June, 2023. We included studies that examined the effects of pre- or per-cooling on exercise performance in male individuals under heat stress (> 30 °C) during self-paced or constant workload exercise in cross-over design studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized trials.RESULTS: Fifty-nine studies (n = 563 athletes) were identified from 3300 records, of which 40 (n = 370 athletes) used a self-paced protocol and 19 (n = 193 athletes) used a constant workload protocol. Eighteen studies compared multiple cooling interventions and were included more than once (total n = 86 experiments and n = 832 paired measurements). Sixty-seven experiments used a pre-cooling intervention and 19 used a per-cooling intervention. Average ambient conditions were 34.0 °C [32.3-35.0 °C] and 50.0% [40.0-55.3%] relative humidity. Cooling interventions attenuated the performance decline in hot conditions and were more effective during a constant workload (effect size [ES] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44-0.81) compared with self-paced exercise (ES = 0.30, 95% CI 0.18-0.42, p = 0.004). A difference in performance outcomes between protocols was only observed with pre-cooling (ES = 0.74, 95% CI 0.50-0.98 vs ES = 0.29, 95% CI 0.17-0.42, p = 0.001), but not per-cooling (ES = 0.45, 95% CI 0.16-0.74 vs ES = 0.35, 95% CI 0.01-0.70, p = 0.68).CONCLUSIONS: Cooling interventions attenuated the decline in performance during exercise in the heat, but the magnitude of the effect is dependent on exercise protocol (self-paced vs constant workload) and cooling type (pre- vs per-cooling). Pre-cooling appears to be more effective in attenuating the decline in exercise performance during a constant workload compared with self-paced exercise protocols, whereas no differences were found in the effectiveness of per-cooling.</p
A strategic human resource management approach to facilitating volunteer legacies from mega-sport events: the moderating impact of gender and experience in the case of Rio 2016
No full textVolunteers are crucial for successful event delivery, from community to mega-events. Mega-sport events (MSE) are sold on their generative potential for social legacies for host communities like volunteering to support future community and tourism activity. With the lens of the temporal extension of the socioecological framework (TESEF), we propose that strategic human resource management (SHRM) across the volunteer journey will facilitate post-MSE legacy. A previously used online questionnaire, then structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to test ten hypotheses with 4,824 Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games volunteers. Analysis revealed four predictors (SHRM: recruitment, job allocation, and supervision; and Motivational: variety) have significant positive effects on overall satisfaction. However, volunteer training and overall satisfaction had a highly negative influence on legacy potential. SEM revealed the moderating effect of volunteers’ gender and prior experience. Gender moderated five relationship paths and experience moderated six relational paths. MSE management implications are explored
Hamstring musculotendon mechanics of prospectively injured elite rugby athletes
No full textThe musculotendon mechanics of the hamstrings during high-speed running are thought to relate to injury but have rarely been examined in the context of prospectively occurring injury. This prospective study describes the hamstring musculotendon mechanics of two elite rugby players who sustained hamstring injuries during on-field running. Athletes undertook biomechanical analyses of high-speed running during a Super Rugby pre-season, prior to sustaining hamstring injuries during the subsequent competition season. The biceps femoris long head muscle experienced the greatest strain of all hamstring muscles during the late swing phase. When expressed relative to force capacity, biceps femoris long head also experienced the greatest musculotendon forces of all hamstring muscles. Musculotendon strain and force may both be key mechanisms for hamstring injury during the late swing phase of running
Assessment of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Contributions in an Extreme Intensity CrossFit® Benchmark Workout
No full textOur purpose was to characterize the oxygen uptake kinetics (VO 2), energy systems contributions and total energy expenditure during a CrossFit ® benchmark workout performed in the extreme intensity domain. Fourteen highly trained male CrossFitters, aged 28.3 ± 5.4 years, with height 177.8 ± 9.4 cm, body mass 87.9 ± 10.5 kg and 5.6 ± 1.8 years of training experience, performed the Isabel workout at maximal exertion. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured at baseline, during exercise and the recovery period, with blood lactate and glucose concentrations, including the ratings of perceived exertion, measured pre- and post-workout. The Isabel workout was 117 ± 10 s in duration and the VO 2 peak was 47.2 ± 4.7 mL·kg -1·min -1, the primary component amplitude was 42.0 ± 6.0 mL·kg -1·min -1, the time delay was 4.3 ± 2.2 s and the time constant was 14.2 ± 6.0 s. The accumulated VO 2 (0.6 ± 0.1 vs. 4.8 ± 1.0 L·min -1) value post-workout increased substantially when compared to baseline. Oxidative phosphorylation (40%), glycolytic (45%) and phosphagen (15%) pathways contributed to the 245 ± 25 kJ total energy expenditure. Despite the short ~2 min duration of the Isabel workout, the oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent metabolism energy contributions to the total metabolic energy release were similar. The CrossFit ® Isabel requires maximal effort and the pattern of physiological demands identifies this as a highly intensive and effective workout for developing fitness and conditioning for sports. </p
Personalized learning:The simple, the complicated, the complex and the chaotic
No full textPersonalized learning is touted to provide opportunities for learners to achieve their full potential while developing a love of learning. However, questions regarding the practicality of implementing it remain. This qualitative case study inquired into the perspectives of Australian secondary school teachers who reported interest in implementing personalized learning. Using complexity theory, the researchers examined participants' perspectives and used NVivo to code data according to the classifications of simple, complicated, complex, and chaotic. Findings included teachers’ enthusiasm and wariness. This study suggests that complexity theory helps navigating the issues to help teachers to evolve and sustain in managing the complexity.</p
The Impact of Australian Bushfires on Asthma Medicine Prescription Dispensing
Get PDFBackground: Air pollution can cause numerous health problems and increase the need for medicines to treat and prevent asthma in affected areas. There is limited evidence about the association between airborne particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or smaller (PM2.5) and asthma medicine usage. This study examined the potential association between the levels of PM2.5 and the supply of prescription asthma medicines in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia, during the severe bushfire season between November 2019–January 2020. Methods: Daily data was obtained from an ACT air quality monitoring station from November 2019 to January 2020 (study period) and November 2018 to January 2019 (control period, no bushfire). The number and types of government-funded asthma medicine prescriptions were obtained from the Services Australia (government) website by searching under ‘Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Item Reports’ and using relevant item codes during the study and control periods. Results: The medians for PM2.5 levels for the study period were significantly higher than those for the control period (p < 0.001). There were increases in the number of dispensed prescriptions of short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA), inhaled corticosteroids, and long-acting beta-2 agonists combined with inhaled corticosteroids. The greatest difference was seen with the inhaled corticosteroids: a 138% increase. Conclusions: The increase in the number of dispensed asthma prescriptions during the bushfire season should be used to inform the stock holdings of these medicines in preparation for future events to ensure access to lifesaving asthma medicines.<br/
Perceived autonomy support as a predictor of rural students’ academic buoyancy and academic self-efficacy
Get PDFStudents’ academic self-beliefs are associated with their school achievement and enjoyment. However, academic self-beliefs appear to be lower in rural schools. In a sample of students in Australian rural schools (N = 974), this study investigated whether perceived autonomy support (PAS) predicted two important self-belief constructs: academic buoyancy and academic self-efficacy. The results revealed that PAS positively predicted academic buoyancy and academic self-efficacy. Multigroup structural equation modeling further identified that primary school students reported more adaptive school experiences than high school students. This research has implications for how teachers can best support students’ academic self-beliefs in rural schools
The contributions of executive functioning to handwritten and keyboarded compositions in Year 2 children
Get PDFWriting is a multifaceted skill, recruiting varied cognitive processes that involve working memory, attention shifting and inhibition, also known as executive functioning (EF). Despite emerging research examining associations between EF and handwritten composition, the mediating role of transcription skills on the relation between EF and text composition remains underexplored. Even less is understood about the nature of these potential mediation mechanisms in keyboard-based text composing, a writing modality that is becoming pervasive during the first years of schooling. This study investigated whether the automaticity of inscription skills (handwriting and keyboarding) and spelling mediate the relation between children’s EF and text composition across two modes (paper and keyboard-based text composing) on a sample of 544 Year 2 Australian children. Assessments of EF, inscription skills, spelling, and text composition were measured concurrently. Indirect pathways were tested via structural equation modelling. Findings indicated that across text composition modes, handwriting automaticity, keyboarding automaticity and spelling mediated the relationship between children’s EF and writing composition (i.e., compositional fluency and quality). The findings of this study extend current understanding of associations between cognitive processes and text composition in the junior years by examining keyboard-based text composing