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Assessing Sexual Functioning with the Female Sexual Function Index in Women Suffering from Genito-Pelvic Pain Penetration Disorder Undergoing a Therapeutic Educational Program
No full textGenito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder is a common sexual disorder that affects an individual’s sexual health and overall well-being. Education is a therapeutic resource that presents several advantages, and it can potentially generate improvements both in pain and sexual functioning-related outcomes in patients suffering from this affliction. The objective of this study was to assess if a therapeutic educational program produced improvements in the different domains of the Female Sexual Function Index in participants suffering from Genito-Pelvic Pain Penetration Disorder. Participants were randomized into a group that received a face-to-face therapeutic educational program, a group that received the same program but online, or a control group. The Female Sexual Function Index was assessed, and analysis of the change in the domains for every group was performed using multiple t-tests. Improvements were found in the face-to-face intervention group, but only the “Pain” domain showed significant improvements (−1.1 points, p
Chronic Ankle Instability and Neuromuscular Performance in Prerecruitment Infantry Soldiers
No full textContext: Ankle instability can describe various impairments, including perceived instability (PI), mechanical instability (MI), and recurrent sprains (RSs), alone or combined. Objective: To examine the prevalence of 8 ankle impairment subgroups and their effect on neuromuscular performance in prerecruitment combat soldiers. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Military infantry basic training base. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 364 infantry male combat soldiers entering basic training (aged 18–21 years). Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants were assessed for PI (via the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool), MI (using the Anterior Drawer Test and Medial Talar Tilt Test), and RSs (based on history) of their dominant and nondominant legs. Injuries were categorized in 8 subgroups: PI, RSs, PI þ RSs, MI, PI þ MI, MI þ RSs, PI þ MI þ RSs, and none. Participants were screened for neuromuscular performance (dynamic postural balance, proprioceptive ability, hopping agility, and triceps surae muscle strength) during the first week of military basic training. Results: For the dominant and nondominant legs, RSs were reported by 18.4% (n ¼ 67) and 20.3% (n ¼ 74) of the participants, respectively; PI was reported by 27.1% (n ¼ 99) and 28.5% (n ¼ 104) of the participants, respectively; and MI was seen in 9.9% (n ¼ 36) and 8.5% (n ¼ 31) of the participants, respectively. A 1-way analysis of variance showed differences in the mean proprioceptive ability scores (assessed using the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus) of all subgroups with impairments in both the dominant and nondominant legs (F ¼ 6.943, h 2 ¼ 0.081, P, .001 and F ¼ 7.871, h 2 ¼ 0.091, P, .001, respectively). Finally, differences were found in the mean muscle strength of subgroups with impairment in the nondominant leg (F ¼ 4.884, h 2 ¼ 0.056, P ¼ .001). Conclusions: A high prevalence of ankle impairments was identified among participants who exhibited reduced abilities in most neuromuscular assessments compared with those who did not have impairments. Moreover, participants with 1 impairment (PI, MI, or RSs) exhibited different neuromuscular performance deficits than those with .1 impairment.</p
‘He’s out of control, I’m out of control, it’s just – I’ve got to do something’:a narrative inquiry of child to parent violence
No full textFamilies globally experience child to parent violence (CPV). Stories of CPV have been considered at an individual and collective level to ascertain themes in parents’ accounts to identify enabling and restraining factors for CPV. However, understanding the societal narratives, defined as discourses, which have a multi-directional and entangled relationship with individual recounts of CPV have yet to be investigated. This research utilizes Narrative Inquiry with participatory approaches to explicate the societal narratives within mothers’ recounts of CPV. This analysis, guided by the interactional and discursive view of violence, and response-based practice, identifies societal narratives which set the conditions for what is possible and impossible in relation to CPV. The analysis contributes to understanding the attitudes of minimization and concealment of violence within parents’ accounts of CPV. The mothers’ recounts were constrained and made possible by the ‘good’ mother narrative and narratives of adolescence and gender. This research examines the intra-actions mothers’ recounts have with the societal narratives, and the performance of their roles as (en)actors of the subject positions ‘mother’ and ‘child’. Implications for practice and research include: consideration to practitioner’s views of power and subject positions in a parent and child relationship when working with CPV; and practitioners to be critical of essentialism and gender in working with CPV. This study posits a practical demonstration for using the response-based practice approach in research; and a way of viewing stories which can be incorporated in working with families experiencing CPV.</p
What role do early life experiences play in eating disorders? The impact of parenting style, temperament and early maladaptive schemas
Get PDFObjective: Given that most eating disorders develop in adolescence and early adulthood, early life experiences are said to play a key role in the aetiology of eating disorders. There are well-documented relationships between early maladaptive schemas and eating disorders, early maladaptive schemas and temperament and temperament and perceived parenting style. The present study aimed to test a hypothesis that perceived parenting style predicts temperament, which predicts early maladaptive schemas, which predict eating disorder symptoms in young people. Method: An online survey measured perceived parenting style, temperament, early maladaptive schemas and eating disorder symptoms in 397 people with disordered eating between the ages of 18 and 29. Path analysis was used to investigate the relationship between these elements. Results: The results found support for this hypothesis. Perceived maladaptive parenting ratings for mothers were a stronger predictor of temperament, and only two temperament factors were adequate predictors of early maladaptive schemas. Conclusions: Overall, the present study found preliminary support for a linear relationship where perceived parenting style predicts temperament, which predicts early maladaptive schema levels, which predicts eating disorder symptoms. The present study was the first to propose and test this model; however, further research is required to confirm the nature and extent of this relationship.</p
Distorting reflections: Senior Secondary English in New South Wales and representations of rurality’
No full textAs the only compulsory subject in the New South Wales Higher School Certificate (NSW), the significance of subject English in shaping young people's worldviews and identities is considerable. The NSW Senior Secondary English (Stage 6) syllabus, in particular, exerts a unique influence on student outcomes, university selection ranks, and broader societal engagement. This article supports these claims by marshalling statistical analyses and an investigation of the NSW Senior Secondary English Prescriptions (set texts): our statistical analyses reveal disparities in access, participation and achievement across geographical, social and gender lines that impact negatively on students in rural parts of NSW; our investigation of prescribed texts demonstrates that rural disadvantage in curriculum access, participation and achievement is exacerbated by an implicitly ‘literary’ hierarchy in subject English, one that both neglects and distorts rural settings and perspectives. We show that, where rural settings and perspectives are present in texts studied as part of Senior Secondary English in NSW, their depiction is inauthentic and negative, a failing that underscores the need for spatial-justice-oriented activism to challenge and reshape such depictions. Consequently, by outlining perspectives on how rural disadvantage in curriculum access, participation and achievement is produced, the article sheds light on this hidden process. The article ends with a call to ‘ruralise’ subject English in ways more inclusive of authentic rurality. Such ruralisation would, we believe, validate rural students’ identities and expand the worldview of all students to include a rural perspective. Both outcomes would contribute to the sustainability of rural life in Australia
Community Sector Disaster Capability (CSDC) Project Mapping Tool
No full textThe Community Sector Disaster Capability (CSDC) Project is jointly funded by the NSW and Australian Governments through the Local and Regional Stream of the Disaster Risk Reduction Fund (DRRF), a grant funding initiative established under the National Partnership Agreement on Disaster Risk Reduction. The DRRF is administered by the NSW Reconstruction Authority (RA). The CSDC project aims to strengthen the disaster risk reduction capability of local social service on government organisations (NGOs) to better support the wellbeing and safety of vulnerable community members (who can be hardest hit by disasters). Place-based NGOs are often involved in meeting needs after a disaster but are rarely formally engaged in emergency management agencies’ preventative actionand planning to reduce risks and community-based disaster planning and risk reduction efforts go largely unrecognised. Led by a partnership of three NSW peak bodies, the project pilots education, risk assessment and strategic planning activities in four regional locations across NSW which have recently experienced disasters and are at high risk of similar disasters in the future: Northern Rivers Hawkesbury Snowy Monaro Bega/ Eurobodalla
One-Step Leaping Evolution from an Autosomal Pair to the Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes
No full textBackground: Sex chromosomes evolve from an autosomal pair after the acquisition of a sex-determining gene. The primary sex chromosomes are homomorphic in both sexes and often undergo heteromorphism in either sex (XY in males or ZW in females) in association with chromosome rearrangements such as inversion, which creates a non-recombining region, called a stratum. Then, multiple strata may form by sequential inversions and extend the non-recombining region, where gene divergence accelerates, and degeneration of the Y or W chromosome progressively occurs. Summary: In contrast to the conventional theory, we propose a shortcut in heteromorphic sex chromosome evolution, where an autosomal pair directly evolves into a heteromorphic sex chromosome pair. We illustrate this with two frog cases where Y chromosome or autosome, which is morphologically inverted, was introgressed from another species through interspecific hybridization, instantly forming a new heteromorphic sex chromosome pair. This event resulted in a distinct non-recombining region immediately after hybridization. Key Messages: The introduction of an inverted chromosome from a different species may be associated with benefits in morphology, breeding behavior, hybrid viability, sex determination, and recovery of the sex ratio of the hybrids. We discuss the molecular mechanisms driving preferential mutations in the introduced, inverted chromosome through interspecific hybridization.</p
Development of the Physical Literacy in Adults Scale (PLAS)
Get PDFPhysical literacy relates to an individual’s capacity to live a physically active and healthy lifestyle across the lifespan. Our understanding of physical literacy as a lifelong journey is hindered by a lack of valid measurement for adult populations. In response, we created a measure of physical literacy applicable to adults. A sample of 1180 adults answered a series of existing questionnaires assessing aspects of physical literacy. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques, we reduced the items to a 23-item six factor model, which had good fit to the data in both the exploratory analysis (χ2 (130) = 254.770, p < 0.001; TLI = 0.965; RMSEA = 0.040 (95% CI: 0.031, 0.049)) and confirmatory analysis (χ2;(130) = 252.005, p < 0.001; TLI = 0.957; RMSEA = 0.046 (95% CI: 0.036, 0.056)). The resulting subjective measure, the Physical Literacy in Adults Scale (PLAS), is a single psychometric measure applicable to adults aged 18–75 years. The PLAS covers four domains (physical, psychological, social and cognitive) of physical literacy to provide a holistic physical literacy outcome. The PLAS represents an appropriate way to assess adult physical literacy, providing an important first step in understanding physical literacy as a lifelong journey.</p
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics Associated With Survival Outcome in Late-Onset Huntington’s Disease in South Korea
Get PDFBackground and Purpose The onset of Huntington’s disease (HD) usually occurs before the age of 50 years, and the median survival time from onset is 15 years. We investigated survival in patients with late-onset HD (LoHD) (age at onset ≥60 years) and the associations of the number of mutant CAG repeats and age at onset (AAO) with survival in patients with HD. Methods Patients with genetically confirmed HD at six referral centers in South Korea between 2000 and 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Baseline demographic, clinical, and genetic characteristics and the survival status as at December 2020 were collected. Results Eighty-seven patients were included, comprising 26 with LoHD (AAO=68.77±5.91 years, mean±standard deviation; 40.54±1.53 mutant CAG repeats) and 61 with common-on-set HD (CoHD) (AAO=44.12±8.61 years, 44.72±4.27 mutant CAG repeats). The ages at death were 77.78±7.46 and 53.72±10.86 years in patients with LoHD and CoHD, respectively (p< 0.001). The estimated survival time was 15.21±2.49 years for all HD patients, and 10.74±1.95 and 16.15±2.82 years in patients with LoHD and CoHD, respectively. More mutant CAG repeats and higher AAO were associated with shorter survival (hazard ratio [HR]=1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01–1.09, p=0.019; and HR=1.17, 95% CI=1.03–1.31, p=0.013; respec-tively) for all HD patients. The LoHD group showed no significant factors associated with survival after disease onset, whereas the number of mutant CAG repeats had a significant effect (HR=1.12, 95% CI=1.01–1.23, p=0.034) in the CoHD group. Conclusions Survival after disease onset was shorter in patients with LoHD than in those with CoHD. More mutant CAG repeats and higher AAO were associated with shorter survival in patients with HD.</p
