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An integration framework based on deep learning and CFD for early detection of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway
Get PDFLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been extensively adopted in various fields, leading to a rapid increase in fire risks and accidents. Early detection of potential LIB thermal runaway has a profound influence on reducing fire risks. In this work, we proposed an integration framework based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and deep learning to detect the battery thermal runaway early enough. Firstly, a dataset of the temperature contours for the battery thermal runaway has been built. A coupled model with the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) is applied to train the dataset and predict the potential fire risks of the battery pack by identifying the abnormal heat generation. The performance of the proposed model has been proven to have a maximum accuracy of 0.967. The trained model performed an 85.02 F1-score, and all the risks can be detected timely. This framework can further expand the LIB safety margin by detecting the battery thermal runaway quickly and accurately and reducing potential battery fire risks and accidents.</p
Capabilities2 for ROS2:Advanced Skill-Based Control for Human-Robot Interaction
No full textIn the early days of the Open Source Robotics Foundation, a lesser-known project aimed to design an 'app-able robot', leading to the creation of the 'Capabilities' package for the Robot Operating System (ROS). Over a decade later, formulating robot capabilities remains a significant technical hurdle in bringing robots from the lab into everyday life. This paper introduces Capabilities2, a successor to the original Capabilities package, now reimagined for ROS2. Capabilities2 enhances the original design by enabling advancements in skill-based control techniques and offering a more efficient, extensible framework for defining and utilising robot capabilities. We delve into its application in new real-world scenarios, with a particular focus on human-robot interactions and the deployment of collaborative mobile robots in human-centric environments. Capabilities2 addresses challenges in implementing intuitive, collaborative robots by introducing an abstracted database handler, an object-relational mapping for capability models, and a plugin architecture for capability execution. These features support dynamic capability representation, runtime adaptability, and integration with modern AI techniques for skill-based task planning. By providing a standardised yet flexible framework, Capabilities2 reduces the integration effort required to develop top-level controls for real-world scenarios, facilitating rapid development and deployment. Our contributions include the reimplementation of the Capabilities package in ROS2, enhancements to support contemporary robotic applications, and demonstrations of new use cases enabled by Capabilities2. We believe that Capabilities2 significantly advances the field of robotics by equipping developers with tools to create more capable, adaptable, and interactive robots. Capabilities2 is available at https://github.com/CollaborativeRoboticsLab/capabilities2.</p
Toward a Global Deliberative System for Genome Editing
No full textDespite widespread agreement on the need for public participation in genome editing governance, questions remain about how best to structure citizen deliberation such that it can better inform policymaking. Representative and transformative conversations are not necessarily enabled by random sampling. Reflecting on lessons learned from recent citizens’ juries and assemblies, in this essay I identify group-building, skilling up, recruiting invested participants, and over-sampling of marginal discourses as strategies to advance the contribution of citizen deliberation to a global deliberative system for human heritable genome editing governance.</p
Supporting the needs of the nutritionally vulnerable in our population
No full textOlder people are the largest group of nutritionally vulnerable people in Australia.1 There are many factors that may contribute to the risk of under-nutrition in older people, including inadequate nutritional intake,2 reduced appetite,3 dysphagia,4 dementia5 and depression.5 With the proportion of adults in Australia ≥65 years of age continuing to increase, the number of nutritionally vulnerable people in our population is also increasing. In 2020, 16% of the population were ≥65 years of age,6 an increase from 9% in 19737 and 12% in 1996.8 This proportion of the population is expected to continue to increase over the next 40 years to between 21% and 23%.6 Older people contribute to a large share of the total burden of disease in Australia, and this increases with age.6 People aged between 65 and 69 years of age make up 5% of the population and contribute to 8.4% of the total burden of disease, and those aged 70 years of age and over make up 12% of the population and contribute to 37% of the total disease burden
Health Promotion Model Insights on Determinants of Personal Protective Equipment Use in Occupational Settings
No full textAims: Occupational illnesses remain a pressing concern for workers exposed to hazardous materials in industrial settings. While personal protective equipment is a primary safeguard against such risks, its inconsistent utilization highlights critical gaps in understanding the determinants of personal protective equipment compliance. This study investigated personal and situational factors influencing personal protective equipment usage among employees handling organic solvents in three major industrial companies.Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study of 340 workers employed the health promotion model as the theoretical framework to identify personal protective equipment utilization predictors. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, t-test, and two-level logistic regression.Findings: Only 47.9% of workers regularly used face masks, while 67.4% wore gloves, signifying substantial non-compliance. Interpersonal factors, such as trust, mutual respect, and collegial relationships, among the health promotion model components, were significantly associated with personal protective equipment adherence. Additionally, organizational factors, including workplace policies and support systems, were strongly correlated with using protective gloves. These findings underscore the critical role of fostering interpersonal relationships and implementing robust organizational policies to promote compliance with personal protective equipment.Conclusion: The health promotion model can be utilized to understand compliance with personal protective equipment in industrial settings
Exploring the impact of neighbourhood social fragmentation on early childhood developmental vulnerability
No full textBackground: The role of the neighbourhood social context in early childhood development is less understood despite the apparent disparities in early childhood developmental vulnerability in Australia. This research investigated the influence of neighbourhood social fragmentation on developmental vulnerability in young children. Method: Data were from the 2021 Australian Early Development Census. We applied logistic multilevel models to investigate the relationship between the area-level social fragmentation index and children's developmental vulnerability. The outcome variable was developmental vulnerability on one or more domains (physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based), and communication skills and general knowledge). The predictor was the Australian Neighbourhood Social Fragmentation Index, constructed using the principal component analysis. Results: The sample was 287,135 children in their first year of full-time schooling in 2330 Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2). Our analyses showed a 4% increased risk of developmental vulnerability on one or more domains (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00–1.08) if children lived in high compared with low socially fragmented neighbourhoods after adjusting for child, family, and neighbourhood characteristics. Conclusion: Maintaining social cohesion in the community decreases the chance of developmental vulnerability in children during their first year of full-time schooling. Social initiatives, such as horticulture classes, volunteering programs, and Neighbour Day events, may foster social cohesion in socially fragmented neighbourhoods, supporting children's development during their early years. Additionally, certain physical aspects of the neighbourhood (e.g., availability and walkability to public amenities and services) encourage accidental social interactions between neighbours.</p
Biomechanical, Physiological and Anthropometric Determinants of Backstroke Swimming Performance:A Systematic Review
No full textBACKGROUND: Backstroke swimming is one of the four competitive strokes contested at international swimming events, and the second-slowest stroke after breaststroke. Achieving success in competition depends on the intricate interplay of various factors, and for top-ranked athletes, subtle differences can be decisive in determining the race outcome. The aim of this study is to identify the main energetic, biomechanical, and physiological factors influencing elite backstroke swimming performance in 50, 100, and 200-m events.METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to identify relevant studies. A literature search on 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) was finalised on September 26, 2024.RESULTS: A total of 938 studies were identified, and finally 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. The swimmers (n = 507 participants, n = 188 women) were classified as Tier 3 (Highly Trained/National Level) or Tier 4 (International Level). Studies included exhibited a low risk of bias following the Hindle scale (11 ± 2 points). All the studies were observational. Reference values have been provided with normative blood lactate, kinematics, race pace, performance testing and anthropometric characteristics for comparison purposes in 50, 100, and 200-m events. Post-race blood lactate concentrations were lower in the 50 m compared to the 100 m and 200 m events. Differences were evident in stroke rate (SR) reference ranges between events (50 m, 100 m, 200 m), anthropometric profiles (swimmers' height and hand, foot, and leg length), and pacing profiles (50 m: all-out trend; 100 m: positive profile; 200 m: parabolic approach or fast-track strategy).CONCLUSIONS: There is a distinctive physiological and biomechanical pattern for distances from 50-m to 200-m in backstroke swimming. The data provide athletes and coaches with normative reference values for blood lactate, kinematics, race pace, and anthropometric measures.</p
A strength-based approach to exploring pre-school children's spatial language and patterning skills
No full textBackground: Deficits in spatial language and patterning skills are disproportionately represented amongst marginalized groups. However, ‘deficit models’ do not consider children's enactment of skills within contexts other than traditional test-based assessment. It is possible that assessment context (e.g., test-based versus game-based) influences the manifestation of these skills. Aims: To compare the spatial language and patterning skills of children in game-based and test-based assessment contexts drawn from different geographic locations and levels of socio-economic advantage (SEA). Sample: Preschool children (Mean age = 4 years, 11 months, S.D. = 6 months) from Metropolitan Cities, Regional Cities, and Rural Areas (N = 402 for spatial language, N = 439 for patterning). Methods: Performance was compared on digital measures of spatial language and spatial patterning through game-based and test-based assessment. Results: Significant main effects were found for performance on language and patterning test-based assessments for Geography and SEA, as well as significant interactions. Children from rural areas outperformed children from metropolitan and regional cities, and children from High SEA communities outperformed children from Low SEA communities on these measures. The effects of SEA on test-based assessment were most pronounced in city samples. There were no significant effects for SEA or Geography on game-based assessment. Conclusions: The results highlight the impact of assessment context on measurement of spatial language and patterning skills for marginalized students. Current measures may not entirely capture children's capabilities. Furthermore, the superior spatial skills found amongst children from rural communities could be capitalized upon to support performance in traditional education settings.</p