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The Walk of Guilt: Multimodal Deception Detection from Nonverbal Motion Behaviour
Get PDFDetecting deceptive behaviour for surveillance and border protection is critical for a country’s security. With the advancement of technology in relation to sensors and artificial intelligence, recognising deceptive behaviour could be performed automatically. Following the success of affective computing in emotion recognition from verbal and nonverbal cues, we aim to apply a similar concept for deception detection. Recognising deceptive behaviour has been attempted; however, only a few studies have analysed this behaviour from gait and body movement. This research involves a multimodal approach for deception detection from gait, where we fuse features extracted from body movement behaviours from a video signal, acoustic features from walking steps from an audio signal, and the dynamics of walking movement using an accelerometer sensor. Using the video recording of walking from the Whodunnit deception dataset, which contains 49 subjects performing scenarios that elicit deceptive behaviour, we conduct multimodal two-category (guilty/not guilty) subject-independent classification. The classification results obtained reached an accuracy of up to 88% through feature fusion, with an average of 60% from both single and multimodal signals. Analysing body movement using single modality showed that the visual signal had the highest performance followed by the accelerometer and acoustic signals. Several fusion techniques were explored, including early, late, and hybrid fusion, where hybrid fusion not only achieved the highest classification results, but also increased the confidence of the results. Moreover, using a systematic framework for selecting the most distinguishing features of guilty gait behaviour, we were able to interpret the performance of our models. From these baseline results, we can conclude that pattern recognition techniques could help in characterising deceptive behaviour, where future work will focus on exploring the tuning and enhancement of the results and techniques
Its the economy stupid! Connecting heritage value, economics and the everyday.:Connecting heritage value, economics and the everyday.
No full textDrawing on discussions that challenge the perception that heritage and economics are distinct discourses and separate social regimes, this chapter argues that contemporary heritage values, protection and management systems, are not just entangled in the market, but are an effect of it. Using the concepts of the ‘enrichment economy’ and ‘everyday heritage’, it is argued that heritage management mechanisms such as listing and significance thresholds seek to maintain heritage as a scarce commodity to limit the ‘amount’ of heritage that any local or national economy should support
Will Trump inspire Dutton to undo the Uniparty?
No full textThere is so much hot air blowing around at the moment. Almost every leftie on social media is having a meltdown. Never mind that their partisan nonsense caused the swamp to need draining in the first place. Many conservative voters are not convinced that Mr Dutton will turn the Liberals around in the way Donald Trump reformed the Republicans. But will the Don’s decisive action be enough to inspire Mr Dutton to undo the Uniparty
“I forgot she used to make chocolate cake”:Digital storytelling supporting person-focussed dementia care: A qualitative thematic analysis
Get PDFReminiscence is a meaningful activity for people with dementia, but research implementing digital reminiscence tools into environments with older people is not well developed. This project sought to understand the effectiveness of a digital reminiscence tool in aiding person-centred dementia care with people attending a day respite centre and a group residential home, in metropolitan eastern Australia. This study used semi-structured interviews and ethnographic observations using a qualitative reflexive thematic analysis with seventeen participants including people with dementia (n = 8), their loved ones (n = 5) and staff n = 4) Themes identified were: 1. Remembering myself; 2. Reminiscing the person before and with dementia; 3. Enhanced relationships through self-expression; 4. Person-centred adaptation and the art of the interview; and 5. Future potential. Findings indicate that the StoryTiling app was user-friendly, supported reminiscence activities and enhanced person-centred care. The reminiscence activity enhanced relationships between participants, families, and carers, facilitating a deeper knowing of the person with dementia. The activities supported positive memories and emotions and helped reinforce the identity of the person with dementia in both their own mind, and their loved ones. The information captured in the StoryTiling process enabled person-centred care in improving the ability to know a person and being able to relate and respond to their individual needs, wants and goals. The process was dependent on the ‘art of the question’ and the ‘art of the interview’, particularly by people who know the person with dementia and are trauma-informed in order to effectively progress interviews and utilise them within the care environment. Enabling nudge activities that promote person-centred engagement such as reminiscence through digital storytelling may help foster person-centred care in the aged care sector.</p
Construction and validation of the motives for smartphone use questionnaire
No full textBACKGROUND AND AIMS: Smartphones have been so widely adopted that many consider them essential for modern life. However, some people use their phone excessively, which can cause functional impairment or harm, termed problematic smartphone use (PSU). Smartphone use motives may help explain why users engage in general smartphone use and PSU, but existing measures may not capture certain motives which research suggests are important to smartphone use. To address this, across two studies, we constructed and validated a Motives for Smartphone Use Questionnaire (MSUQ) among young adults.METHODS AND RESULTS: In Study 1, the Delphi method was used, whereby engagement with a panel of 23 international academic experts resulted in a pool of 62 smartphone use motives items that measure 11 proposed motives. In Study 2, the 62 items were administered to 680 young adults aged 18-25 years (Mage = 22.50, SD = 2.16). Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses found that the MSUQ has a seven-factor structure, assessing smartphone use to cope, pass time, socialize, obtain social comfort, feel safe, fulfil social obligations, and seek information. These motives differentially influenced PSU and smartphone usage.CONCLUSIONS: The MSUQ is a valid measure of motives for smartphone use. It was developed specifically for smartphone use and it includes motives not captured in prior measures.</p
The Short-Shrifting of Our Academic Journals
Get PDFWhen Australian researchers publish their work, the journal they choose to publish in has implications for their academic careers. Journals are important vehicles for peer-review and a particular journal’s reputation is a useful measure of the quality of the research output. However, the system is often skewed to ignore research focused exclusively on Australian issues
The Relationship Between Microaggressions and Well-Being Among Those With Sexual Minority and Gender Minority Identities: The Role of Ingroup Identification
No full textResearch suggests social groups can provide psychological resources for coping with discrimination. However, little research has investigated the protective quality of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, asexual (LGBTQA)+ ingroup identification from microaggressions. Using the rejection identification modeland social identity approach to health as a framework, this study aimed to investigate the capacity of LGBTQA+ ingroup identification to protect well-being from microaggressions. Three hundred and twenty LGBTQA+ individuals from Australia completed a survey assessing experiences of perceived discrimination(PD), microaggressions, ingroup identification, and well-being. Structural equation modeling inclusive of microaggressions and PD indicated microaggressions predicted lower life satisfaction and higher depressivesymptoms, while PD did not. Neither PD nor microaggressions predicted ingroup identification. Ingroup identification was associated with improved life satisfaction but not reduced depressive symptoms.Further, PD had an indirect effect on life satisfaction via ingroup identification. Ingroup identification did not mediate microaggressions or PD on depressive symptoms. Lastly, results indicated sexual minority (SM) trans and/or gender-diverse participants were at particular risk of experiencing discrimination, microaggressions, and depressive symptoms but that the rejection identification modelwas invariant toSMcisgender and SM trans and/or gender-diverse groups. Results were discussed regarding the importance of distinguishingbetween microaggressions and other discrimination types, the implications of positive and negative measures of well-being, and considering intersections of sexual orientation and gender identity. Overall, this research indicated facilitating ingroup identification may offer efficient protection of life satisfaction, but further investigation of protective factors from microaggressions is needed
Quantifying taxon-specific habitat connectivity requirements of urban wildlife using structured expert judgement
No full textUrban planning which enhances native biodiversity in and around cities is needed to address the impacts of urbanisation and conserve urban biodiversity. The “Biodiversity Sensitive Urban Design” (BSUD) framework incorporates ecological knowledge into urban planning to achieve positive biodiversity outcomes through improved urban design and infrastructure development. BSUD includes principles to direct strategic design and placement of connected wildlife habitat. However, effective BSUD implementation requires defining and quantifying the landscape-scale habitat connectivity needs of a range of taxon groups within urban contexts. The aim of our study was to use expert elicitation to address these gaps in landscape-scale habitat connectivity currently limiting the capacity of urban planning. We estimated habitat connectivity needs for seven representative taxon groups in urban environments, including ideal habitat, habitat constraints, barriers to movement, and movement thresholds that determine habitat connectivity. In using expert elicitation to quantify habitat connectivity requirements for urban biodiversity, our study provides insights on both the usefulness of expert elicitation to inform urban habitat connectivity planning generally, and the functional habitat connectivity requirements of our focal taxon groups specifically. Overall, we consider our expert-derived estimates of connected habitat to be a highly useful set of baseline data for habitat and connectivity modelling and urban planning for a range of taxon groups.</p
The Reserve Bank has cut rates for the first time in four years. But it is cautious about future cuts
No full textPerformance-based design synthesis and analysis of a 6-4 UPS parallel mechanism based virtual biomechanical shoulder robot model
No full textThe human shoulder complex provides a broad range of motions for the upper arm and existing in-silico musculoskeletal models can be used to study the associated kinematic parameters. These models are also quite useful in the design of suitable control systems for rehabilitation robots. However, to save the time consumed in the control-related computations, normally these musculoskeletal models are required to be simplified compromising their versatility. In this article, a Virtual 6-4 Parallel Biomechanical Shoulder Robot Model (VBSRM) is proposed to be used as a musculoskeletal model for a shoulder rehabilitation robot. The kinematic model of the proposed VBSRM is developed and validated by a case study. A singularity analysis of the robot’s Jacobian matrix was carried out to avoid a possible singular VBSRM design. Wrench analysis and structural design analysis were conducted to obtain actuator forces and dynamic stiffness behavior of the VBSRM respectively. Finally, an optimal design of the parallel mechanism of the VBSRM was obtained using genetic algorithm (GA), while establishing a tradeoff between various performance indices. This optimal design is that used to evaluate the workspace of the proposed VBSRM. This optimal design can further be used in studying the dynamics of the proposed VBSRM and shoulder functioning evaluations