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Averting depletion in a two-player common pool resource game: Being seen, the expectation of future encounters, and biophilia play a role in cooperation
Get PDFUsing a two-player common pool resource game, we investigated the influence of multiple factors on cooperation: (1) probability of future rounds, (2) visibility of other participants, (3) biophilia, (4) future discounting, and (5) life history. In each round, participants simultaneously and independently (without conferring) decided how much of the common pool to consume. Participants (n = 116) were informed that the shared resource would be fully replenished in the next round—but only if—both players together consumed ≤ 50% of the common pool in the current round. Additionally, participants were told the probability (0–100%) of further rounds of play with the same player (this probability was not real; it was purely to manipulate the player’s expectations). To assess the effect of the probability of future rounds, we developed a mathematical model to predict the threshold that would permit a Nash Equilibrium of Conditional Cooperation (CC). To manipulate visibility, half the pairs were tested in the same room (seen condition) and half in separate rooms (unseen condition). To measure biophilia, the “Nature Relatedness” (NR) scale was used. To measure future discounting, the “consideration of future consequences” (CFC) scale was used. To measure life history, the participant’s UK postcode was obtained (indicating possible residence in a deprived neighbourhood). Participants in our study were not paid. In our results, there was a significant effect showing more cooperation in the visible than not visible condition, but no significant effects of NR, CFC, nor postcodes (but NR was significant in interaction with visibility). For predictability of future rounds, we found a number of significant effects using different tests. A notable result was that there was significantly more CC when the probability of future rounds was ≥ 69% (congruent with one of our model predictions)
Taxonomy and software architecture for real-time context-aware collaborative smart environments
Get PDFThe widespread of Internet of Things (IoT) and the price reduction and ubiquity of telecommunications has led to the emergence of smart environments where devices are becoming increasingly smarter and everything is connected and from which society aims to benefit. The data obtained from IoT is rapidly processed in various domains for the achievement of smart cities and societies. However, in many cases, applications are not contextualized by using data from outside the domain but are only contextualized using data from the domain itself, missing the opportunity for further contextualization. The lack of common criteria for the integration of data from different application domains is one of the main reasons that significantly hinders the integration of third-party data into real-time processing and decision-making systems and thus, the context awareness of developed applications. Although the use of several taxonomies and ontologies for context awareness in various application domains have been proposed, in many cases they are highly domain specific and/or difficult to integrate with other systems, which makes it challenging to facilitate data sharing between different systems and their processing to achieve enhanced context awareness. We aim to contribute to the addressing of these limitations through a reusable and extensible multi-domain taxonomy targeted to collaborative IoT and smart environments, which is also automatically integrated into a software architecture with real-time complex event processing technologies. The proposed solution has been illustrated through a case study and performance tests have been carried out in different computing capacity scenarios, showing its feasibility and usefulness
Practices and perceptions of strength and conditioning training in female golf: A cross-sectional survey study of high-level amateur players
Get PDFThis study aimed to ascertain an in-depth understanding of current practices and perceptions of S&C training in high-level amateur female golfers. A cross-sectional, explorative survey study was constructed which asked questions relating to four key areas: i) general participant information, ii) current strength and conditioning (S&C) practices, iii) the perceived influence of S&C training on golf performance, and iv) knowledge and awareness of S&C. Results showed that the majority of female players had participated in some form of S&C training in the past, with the majority believing that clubhead speed and carry distance were the primary golfing metrics which could be positively impacted. More specifically, 91-97% of players ‘Strongly agreed’ or ‘Agreed’ that the key physical characteristics for golf were strength and power for the lower and upper body, and flexibility. Interestingly, 58% of players believed that S&C training should mimic the movement of the golf swing, which based off current evidence, is not how drive metrics and ultimately shots gained, can be maximised. This survey study provides useful information relating to the practices and perceptions of S&C training in high-level female amateur players and areas where education may be able to further advance player understanding of physical preparation
Revisiting operations agility and formalizing digitalization in response to varying levels of uncertainty and customization
Get PDFThis paper aims to find how digitalization supports inter-organizational purchasing/order fulfillment processes and the required agility to respond to supply/demand uncertainties. The research method includes multiple case studies. Qualitative data are collected via interviews and documentation review. Within-case and cross-case analyses of the research lead to 14 propositions and a novel framework, which formalize and link agility and digitalization at different levels. The research findings point out the agility in micro and macro types for the demand and supply sides of the business, responding to different levels of uncertainties. The findings categorize the relevant applications of digitalization at three levels: data interchange, data integration, and predictive data analytics. Moreover, the agility-digitalization relationships are defined for different levels of customization, represented by customer order decoupling points. This paper contributes to the literature by offering an in-depth and explicit understanding of the impacts of digitalization on different types of agility for different levels of customization
Women's lives and temporalities of fertility treatment
Get PDFThis paper explores women’s temporal experiences of using Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). The demand for such treatment has increased since the first IVF birth. ART involves invasive procedures in women’s bodies, uncertain outcomes, and temporal challenges. A sample of 11 professional women was drawn from a larger sample recruited for interviews from online infertility forums. Analysis was carried out using a biographical life course approach to draw out the temporal elements of experiences. Four themes were identified: biographical timing and temporalities of fertility treatment; biographical timing and a/synchronicity with friends; temporalities of everyday life when using ART; and 'public issue’ or ‘private trouble’ in relation to silences around ART. Undergoing ART treatment sets these women apart from friends who conceive without treatment, and they faced challenges for the rhythms of everyday life during this period. Using ART highlighted public taboos about women’s bodies. Thus for many, this critical phase had to be kept secret. Understanding women’s temporal experiences of ART and the challenges involved are important for developing context sensitive theories and concepts that can contribute to deeper insight into the intersecting temporalities of reproductive processes in general and using ART in particular
Possibilities for decision science in the metaverse
Get PDFAs the next generation of the internet, the metaverse will be an immersive, interactive and persistent, three-dimensional world that merges both physical and virtual environments. Its associated advanced technologies (e.g., digital twins, avatar self-representation, virtual reality, augmented reality, extended reality, brain-computer interface, artificial intelligence, machine learning, Internet-of-Things, blockchain technology) are already functioning, and people are able to experience and make decisions in immersive virtual environments. In this paper, we first briefly assess the similarities and differences in the judgment and decision making (JDM) situations that people may face in the metaverse compared to their physical environments. Next, we discuss how human interaction with metaverse-related advanced technologies may affect the cognitive processes of perception, attention, memory and reasoning that underlie human JDM, as well as the subsequent effects of these processes on JDM, in both the virtual and physical worlds. Finally, we highlight some opportunities that the metaverse may afford decision scientists, given the availability of integrated, digitalized data collected from users (or research participants), and some of the challenges that lie therein. We structure these opportunities around the five key metaverse domains: digitalization, virtualization, social networks, virtual worlds, and data integration. As a research platform, the metaverse can help drive a paradigm shift away from traditional approaches to JDM research and enable decision scientists to test and consolidate existing theories as well as advance new ones, while conducting research that has social benefits
A novel scheduling algorithm for improved performance of multi-objective safety-critical WSN using spatial self-organizing feature map
Get PDFTechnological advances in the internet of things (IoT) allowed a low-cost, yet small sensor device to operate with limited power in a dynamic harsh environment where human intervention is impossible. The wireless sensor network (WSN) is an example of the IoT in which physical devices’ software and sensors can interconnect to provide application services. It is important that such applications be dependable to meet the required quality of service (QoS) and function as expected. Consequently, the multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem in WSNs aims to address the trade-off among coverage, connectivity, and network lifetime requirements. Node scheduling is one approach of many used to optimize energy in WSNs. The contribution of this work is the proposal of a self-organizing feature map (SOFM) to enhance the node scheduling in WSNs. The proposed SOFM node-scheduling algorithm aims to spatially explore the state space domain and obtain an optimal solution. In our experiment, the proposed SOFM node-scheduling algorithm is evaluated against a comparable algorithm, namely the BAT node-scheduling algorithm, via MATLAB simulator. The results showed that the SOFM node-scheduling algorithm outperformed the latter by 27% and 28% for the maximum and minimum coverage, respectively, with similar performance of 99% of connectivity and network lifetime
Between-session reliability of dry-land and in-water tests to measure inter-limb asymmetries in swimmers
Get PDFThe aims of the present study were to: i) analyse the between-session reliability of dry-land and in-water tests, and ii) investigate the prevalence of meaningful asymmetries in swimming athletes. Twenty-eight swimmers (21 males, 7 females) performed anthropometric, shoulder range of motion (ROM), countermovement jump, shoulder isokinetic torque, and 15-s tethered swimming tests two times, one week apart. Inter-limb asymmetries were calculated for each variable. Raw data reliability was determined using the intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) and the typical error of measurement (TEM), and effect size (ES) was used to determine systematic bias between test sessions. At an individual level, inter-limb asymmetries were compared to the coefficient of variation (CV) to determine whether they were real. The between-session reliability was good to excellent (0.75 to 1.00) for most of the raw data, except for ROM. Between-session ES was predominately “trivial” or “small” for raw data and asymmetries, reinforcing that the values did not change significantly between the sessions. In addition, real asymmetries were seen in some tested metrics, depending on the test. In conclusion, the tested variables presented good levels of between-session reliability and were able to detect real and consistent asymmetries
‘Maybe that makes a difference actually’: attuning to praxis for anti-racist social justice leadership among nursery school head teachers in the UK
Get PDFIn light of ongoing inequalities within society, the role of social justice leadership in educational spaces remains a central arena amongst research and practice. It is widely recognised that clear recognition and understanding of social justice among educators can offer the capacity for meaningful change against inequalities that continue to saturate both the profession and the experiences of children themselves. Yet, as argued with most clarity by Furman, recognition and understanding alone remain limited strategies in the absence of examples of practice and the development of capacities needed to advance social justice. Furman’s model of social justice leadership offers an avenue to consider the more precise nature of anti-racist practice praxis in the early childhood field. This article will evaluate the effectiveness of the model as applied to anti-racism. It will draw on data from a qualitative study on ethnicity and the early years workforce to consider the extent to which nursery school head teachers may be becoming attuned toward anti-racist social justice leadership praxis, inclusive of reflection and action. Our data reveals that, in more and less structured ways, leaders are already cognisant of the need to engage in anti-racist social justice leadership. The production of this framework offers a stepping stone toward more formalised anti-racist praxis for leaders in the early years profession
Lyuben Dikov, Filippo Vassalli, and Karl Llewellyn: three scholars who may hold a key to understanding some peculiar similarities between Bulgarian, Italian, and US Law
No full textExamining the biographies and opinions of three scholars – Lyuben Dikov, Filippo Vassalli, and Karl Llewellyn – may expose barely visible, yet fascinating links between Bulgarian, Italian, and US law. In turn, this may provide insights on how law develops and shed light on how legal ideas cross geographic and ideological borders