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Self-concept, creativity and developmental dyslexia in university students: effects of age of assessment
Get PDFEducational experiences often influence self-concept. Thus, readers with dyslexia can have low self-esteem and self-efficacy, and perceive themselves as less intelligent than their peers. They may develop creativity to succeed despite their difficulties but findings are inconsistent and rarely consider the effect of age of assessment on self-perception. This study included 145 university students (Mage = 24.43 years), 72 with dyslexia; of these, 53% had been assessed in childhood (Mage = 11.89 years), 47% in adulthood (Mage = 27.38 years). A survey assessed self-esteem, self-efficacy, creativity and estimated intelligence. Students with dyslexia reported lower levels of self-esteem, self-efficacy and estimated intelligence. When assessment age was considered, those assessed early displayed lower self-esteem and self-efficacy but no difference in estimated intelligence. Those assessed late displayed lower estimated intelligence and self-esteem but no difference in self-efficacy. Findings highlight the importance of providing psychological support to students with dyslexia to enhance their self-perceptions
Short-stay crisis units for mental health service users on crisis care pathways: systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground
Internationally, an increasing proportion of Emergency Department (ED) visits are mental health related. Concurrently, psychiatric wards are often occupied above capacity. Responding to these pressures, healthcare providers have introduced short-stay, hospital-based crisis units offering a therapeutic space for stabilisation, assessment and appropriate referral. Research lags behind roll-out, and a review of the evidence is urgently needed to inform policy and further introduction of similar units.
Aims
This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of short-stay, hospital-based mental health crisis units.
Method
We searched Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO up to March 2021 in this pre-registered review (PROSPERO: CRD42019151043). All designs incorporating a control or comparison group were eligible for inclusion, and all effect estimates with a comparison group were extracted and combined meta-analytically where appropriate. We assessed risk of bias of included studies using Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) and Risk of Bias in randomized trials (RoB 2).
Results
Data from twelve studies from six countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, UK and US) and 67,505 participants were included. Data indicated that units delivered benefits on many outcomes. Units could reduce psychiatric holds (42% after intervention compared to 49.8% before intervention; difference = 7.8%; p < 0.0001) and increase outpatient follow-up care (χ2=37.42; d.f.=1, p<0.001). Meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in length of ED stay of 164.24 minutes (95%CI -261.24 to -67.23 minutes; p<0.001), and number of inpatient admissions, odds ratio=0.55 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.68; p<0.001).
Conclusions
Short-stay mental health crisis units are effective for two important service-defined outcomes; reducing ED wait times and inpatient admissions. Further research should investigate impact of units on patient experience, and clinical and social outcomes
A Walk through Housing History
No full textPublic Health, Environmental Health and Housing are traditionally seen as a “scientific” subjects. However, evidence demonstrates that incorporating a sense of the past into teaching and learning has multiple benefits to inclusive student learning, not least around deeper understanding but also in developing communication skills, including using social media.
Students at Middlesex University benefit from a range of teaching and learning methods, enhanced by access to the university’s Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture (MODA). We have collaborated over many years and used the archives to develop students’ understanding of housing, particularly in relation to health. This has led to fruitful learning opportunities around: an understanding of housing history, policy, ideology and value and how this shaped its development; access into and management of housing; the nature of construction, maintenance, possible deficiencies and remedy; as well as other incidental issues that stimulate students’ imagination.
We have developed a short local walking tour of Hendon, adjacent to our campus, which has housing dating back to the 1600s. Initially based on photovoice principles, we have encouraged students to engage with housing and the history of the local environment in a more immersive way. Initially using a PDF map with instructions, we are now developing an interactive google.map, incorporating carefully selected links and commentary which students can access via their smart phones. This can be used as a tutor-led tour with discussion around individual housing histories, or as a self-led student tour with stopping points and accessible learning resources.
To date students who have taken this tour have reported that they did not realise the rich housing history within minutes from campus, that they have never looked at or thought about housing in this way, and that it helped bring the subject to life and presented a new method of learning for them
Identification of human papillomavirus from super resolution microscopic images generated using deep learning architectures
Get PDFThis chapter presents five deep learning architectures for identification of Human papillomavirus (HPV) through generation of super resolution (SR) images by 4 folds. Specifically, generative adversarial deep learning networks (GAN) and a texture-based vision transformer (TTSR) architec-ture are applied and evaluated. As such, the generated SR images are able to display the same way a high-resolution image offers in identification of HPV like structures. In comparison, TTSR appears to perform the best with PSNR and SSIM being 28.70 and 0.8778 respectively whereas 25.80/0.7910, 18.35/0.5059. 30.31/0.8013, and 28.07/0.6074 are observed for the methods of RCAN, Pix2Pix, CycleGAN, and ESRGAN respective-ly. With regard to sensitivity and specificity when detecting HPV clus-ters, TTSR also leads with 83.6% and 83.33% respectively. It appears the computational SR images are capable to differentiate distinguishing fea-tures of HPV like particles and to determine the effectiveness of anti-HPV agents, holding promise providing insights into the formation stage of a cancer from HPV in the near future
Geography’s just colouring! What can history teachers genuinely learn from the pedagogies and discipline of geography?
No full textHow can the spatial focus of geography enrich a history lesson? How can environmental factors provide a broader focus to causation enquiries? How does geographic empathy, of different people and places, relate to the history classroom? This session, built on the popularity of recent publications, such as Origins (Dartnell, 2019) and The Power of Geography (Marshall, 2021), will show how geography can be effectively brought into the history classroom to enhance learning
New-normal market entry mode for pharmaceuticals: an Internet of Things (IoT) market entry framework stemming from COVID-19
Get PDFPurpose: To determine new-normal uncertainty considerations stemming from the covid-19 pandemic to consider within transaction-cost analysis for pharmaceuticals. To propose new-normal market entry strategies to address the uncertainty as a result of covid-19’s implications and provide for lack of knowledge and information in an uncertain business environment by way of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem for pharmaceutical market entry.
Methodology: In this paper, we focus on the uncertainty facet within transaction-cost analysis consideration and utilise a descriptive three-case study approach taking in Johnson and Johnson (J&J), GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Novartis to present an ADO (Antecedent-Decisions-Outcomes) understanding of their usual market entry approach, the approach undertaken during the pandemic and the outcomes thereafter facilitating new-normal uncertainty considerations to factor in. Further with this insight, we develop a conceptual framework addressing the transaction-cost analysis implications of uncertainties toward lack of knowledge and information for new-normal market entry approach and operating strategy for pharmaceuticals applicable due to IoT (Internet of Things).
Findings: Uncertainty (external and internal) is different now in the new-normal business environment for pharmaceuticals and boils down to acute shortage of knowledge and information impact to make an appropriately informed decision. Therefore, considering the changed factors to consider, pharmaceuticals need to be able to undertake market entry with vaccines and medicines by way of IoT thereby enabling, the filling of the gap via real-time data access and sharing including enhancing predictive analysis for sustenance.
Originality: It is the first study to our knowledge that throws light on transaction-cost analysis theory’s uncertainty facet for pharmaceuticals. It is also the first study that provides new-normal market entry strategy for pharmaceutical companies built on interoperability of real-time IoT
"Auntie, with whom are you lesbian?": with education against the invisibility of LGBT+ old people in social and health care
Get PDFSpecifične značilnosti življenjskih potekov in preteklih izkušenj LGBT+ starih ljudi zahtevajo znanje in ozaveščenost zaposlenih v skrbstvenih poklicih. V članku s pomočjo mednarodne perspektive osvetlimo temeljne teme področja vključujoče oskrbe LGBT+ starih ljudi, s posebnim poudarkom na slovenskem kontekstu, in pri tem izčrpno uporabimo spoznanja evropskega projekta »Being me« (2018–2020). V projektu smo raziskovali dobre prakse na področju izo- braževanja in razvili spletna učna gradiva ter pripomočke za zaposlene v socialni in zdravstveni oskrbi. Med načeli in pristopi, ki so nas vodili pri raziskovanju, so bili v ospredju poudarek na medpresečnosti, odpornosti, perspektivi moči, življenjskih zgodbah in sodelovanju z LGBT+ starimi ljudmi v vseh fazah projekta.The specific characteristics of life course and past experiences of LGBT+ old people require knowledge and awareness on the part of carers. In this paper, an international perspective to shed light on key issues in the field of inclusive care for LGBT+ older people is used, with a particular focus on the Slovenian context, drawing extensively on the findings of the European project “Being me” (2018–2020). In the project, we aimed to explore best practice in the area of education and to develop online learning materials and tools for social and health care workers. Among the principles and approaches that guided our research, the focus was put on intersectionality, resilience, strengths perspective, life stories, and collaboration with LGBT+ old people in all phases of the project
Displacement, diaspora, and statelessness: framing the Kurdish case
No full textIn this chapter, we draw on a growing body of literature and a set of empirical work carried out over a period of many years and through various projects including GCRF Research Hub on Gender, Justice and Security to examine the characteristics of Kurdish refugee communities, concentrating on the triangular relationship between statelessness, displacement, and diaspora. By keeping our focus on these linked relationships, we aim to answer the following questions: What explains internal and external displacement of the Kurdish communities in the past and present? What influences the ways in which Kurdish migrants organize their activities and shape their collective action—as well as their identities and sense of belonging—in the receiving societies? What impact does the question of statelessness have on displacement, belonging, and diaspora? In addressing these questions, we present a conceptual approach to the widespread phenomenon of statelessness in the Kurdish context, examining how statelessness simultaneously deprives the full enjoyment not only of citizenship rights but also of self-rule, that is, systematic violations of citizens’ rights and liberties, on the one hand, and communal rights, protection, and recognition, on the other. We argue that belonging to, and identification with, a polity or host society can be best achieved if inclusion and recognition come together to inform citizenship
Youth Culturally adapted Manual Assisted Problem Solving Training (YCMAP) in Pakistani adolescent with a history of self-harm: protocol for multicentre clinical and cost-effectiveness randomised controlled trial
Get PDFIntroduction: Suicide is a global health concern. Sociocultural factors have an impact on self-harm and suicide rates. In Pakistan, both self-harm and suicide are considered as criminal offence’s and are condemned on both religious and social grounds. The proposed intervention ‘Youth Culturally Adapted Manual Assisted Problem Solving Training (YCMAP)’ is based on principles of problem-solving and cognitive–behavioural therapy. YCMAP is a brief, culturally relevant, scalable intervention that can be implemented in routine clinical practice if found to be effective. Method and analysis: A multicentre rater blind randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of YCMAP including a sample of 652 participants, aged 12–18 years, presenting to general physicians/clinicians, emergency room after self harm or self referrals. We will test the effectiveness of 8–10 individual sessions of YCMAP delivered over 3 months compared with treatment as usual. Primary outcome measure is repetition of self-harm at 12 months. The seconday outcomes include reduction in suicidal ideation, hopelessness and distress and improvement in health related quality of life. Assessments will be completed at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postrandomisation. The nested qualitative component will explore perceptions about management of self-harm and suicide prevention among adolescents and investigate participants’ experiences with YCMAP. The study will be guided by the theory of change approach to ensure that the whole trial is centred around needs of the end beneficiaries as key stakeholders in the process. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of University of Manchester, the National Bioethics Committee in Pakistan. The findings of this study will be disseminated through community workshops, social media, conference presentations and peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number: NCT04131179
Ice dynamics and morphological changes during proglacial lake development at Exploradores Glacier, Patagonia
Get PDFProglacial lakes are ubiquitous features formed during deglaciarization and are currently increasing in number in Patagonia and elsewhere. Proglacial lakes can affect glacier dynamics, catchment hydrology and have the potential to cause glacial lake outburst floods. Therefore, monitoring the onset and development of proglacial lake formation is relevant to understand glacial processes and anticipate glacier response to climate change. In this study, we integrate geomorphological and ice-dynamic information to assess proglacial lake development in Exploradores Glacier, Chilean Patagonia. We monitor recent spatial and temporal changes in the lower trunk of Exploradores Glacier (10 km2) to provide a 20-year observation record by combining eight uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV) surveys between 2019 and 2020, with high-medium resolution satellite imagery (Rapid Eye and Landsat) between 2000 and 2018. We use feature tracking techniques, digital surface elevation model analysis and field data to create a multi-temporal scale (inter-annual and seasonal) and a multi-spatial (cm to km) data set. Our analysis shows that surface velocity overall trend has not changed over the last 20 years and that surface velocity near the terminus is significant (>10 m a−1). Moreover, an exceptional advance over moraine deposits was detected. We also found low downwasting rates (<0.5 m a−1) close to the glacier terminus which are attributed to sufficient ice flux and the insulation effect of the debris-covered surface. However, hundreds of supraglacial ponds were observed and are currently coalescing and expanding by ice-cliff backwasting favoring glacier disintegration. Lastly, it was found that calving losses at the east marginal lake equaled ice-flux input into the lake for the UAV monitored period. This study contributes to a better understanding of glacial lake dynamics during proglacial lake development, and our results may help ice modelling efforts to predict glacier response to future climate scenarios