26729 research outputs found
Sort by
The Nursing and Midwifery Council’s role in integrating internationally educated nurses (IENs) in the UK health care
No full textThis chapter discusses the role of the UK statutory nurse registration body, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), in integrating Internationally educated nurses (IENs) into UK healthcare. Critical race theory (CRT), Post-colonial theory (PCT), and Intersectionality theory (IT) are the theoretical perspectives employed to inform and critique existing nurse registration structures, processes and practices in UK healthcare. The chapter reviews the history and challenges of the existing policies and procedures regarding IENs’ recruitment, retention and integration. I argue that the NMC has contributed to the continuity of the nurse shortage in the UK and the persisting issue of discrimination in UK healthcare.
In this chapter, I draw on my experiences in the NHS in different roles and capacities and on interviews undertaken as part of my PhD, which explored the lived experiences of nurses of Nigerian heritage on their integration into UK healthcare post-NMC registration. I discuss the NMC’s role in addressing nurse shortages in the UK since the inception of nurse regulation in 1919. I link the NMC’s role in formulating policies on nurse training and recruitment with changing immigration policies since its creation and how it has overtly facilitated discrimination in nurse recruitment and retention in the UK. I discuss the impact of the NMC’s policies on immigration and integration on the lived experiences of nurses as they adapt to life and work in the UK.
My reflexivity from my PhD study richly influences this chapter. Reflexivity is “…the process of a continual internal dialogue and critical self-evaluation of researcher’s positionality as well as active acknowledgement and explicit recognition that this position may affect the research process and outcome” (Berger, 2015: 220). Reflexivity enables the elucidation of positionality and how formulating views concerning individuals' values, interests, and beliefs may impact the research objectives (Cousin, 2009; cited in Ugiagbe, 2022). I have used my reflective journal as a valuable and positive means for constructing knowledge (Brydon-Miller and Coghlan, 2014, cited in Ugiagbe, 2022) and as a tool to encourage my reflexivity (Mann, 2016) to use my previous knowledge and understanding further to interpret (McConnell-Henry et al.; 2009) the role of the NMC in integrating IEN into the UK healthcare system. The chapter concludes that effectively integrating IENs is a significant ingredient for addressing nurse shortages and improving quality patient care in the UK healthcare system
Artificial intelligence and automation in endoscopy and surgery
Get PDFModern endoscopy relies on digital technology, from high-resolution imaging sensors and displays to electronics connecting configurable illumination and actuation systems for robotic articulation. In addition to enabling more effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, the digitization of the procedural toolset enables video data capture of the internal human anatomy at unprecedented levels. Interventional video data encapsulate functional and structural information about a patient’s anatomy as well as events, activity and action logs about the surgical process. This detailed but difficult-to-interpret record from endoscopic procedures can be linked to preoperative and postoperative records or patient imaging information. Rapid advances in artificial intelligence, especially in supervised deep learning, can utilize data from endoscopic procedures to develop systems for assisting procedures leading to computer-assisted interventions that can enable better navigation during procedures, automation of image interpretation and robotically assisted tool manipulation. In this Perspective, we summarize state-of-the-art artificial intelligence for computer-assisted interventions in gastroenterology and surgery
Identifying key mechanisms leading to visual recognition errors for missed colorectal polyps using eye-tracking technology
Get PDFBackground and Aim
Lack of visual recognition of colorectal polyps may lead to interval cancers. The mechanisms contributing to perceptual variation, particularly for subtle and advanced colorectal neoplasia, have scarcely been investigated. We aimed to evaluate visual recognition errors and provide novel mechanistic insights.
Methods
Eleven participants (seven trainees and four medical students) evaluated images from the UCL polyp perception dataset, containing 25 polyps, using eye-tracking equipment. Gaze errors were defined as those where the lesion was not observed according to eye-tracking technology. Cognitive errors occurred when lesions were observed but not recognized as polyps by participants. A video study was also performed including 39 subtle polyps, where polyp recognition performance was compared with a convolutional neural network.
Results
Cognitive errors occurred more frequently than gaze errors overall (65.6%), with a significantly higher proportion in trainees (P = 0.0264). In the video validation, the convolutional neural network detected significantly more polyps than trainees and medical students, with per-polyp sensitivities of 79.5%, 30.0%, and 15.4%, respectively.
Conclusions
Cognitive errors were the most common reason for visual recognition errors. The impact of interventions such as artificial intelligence, particularly on different types of perceptual errors, needs further investigation including potential effects on learning curves. To facilitate future research, a publicly accessible visual perception colonoscopy polyp database was created
Reveal the inequality hidden in industry land use by integrating domestic trade and the industry efficiency
No full textAlthough industrial land accounts for a low percentage of the land surface, it can significantly affect the development of the economy and the environment. Unbalanced development makes industry efficiency differ vastly across China. Industry products embodied in domestic trade link the indirect use of industry inputs and outputs. Regional inequality needs to be more scientifically checked by comprehensively considering both trade and the efficiency, which may be determined by diverse indices. Accordingly, this study examined industrial land use among provinces and the efficiency, identified the embodied land, developed approaches to ascertain how industrial land use would change without domestic trade, and revealed the inequalities in industrial land by considering the trade. Results found that provinces along China s coastline usually have a highly industrialised area, and the developed regions usually have high efficiency. Guangdong, Henan, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Shandong, Liaoning, Anhui, Hebei, and Heilongjiang have high values in both industrial land serving external provinces and the reverse use in external provinces. Through domestic trade, China saved a total of 462 km of land to be converted into industrial land, which is mainly due to developed regions providing industrial land use to undeveloped regions with low efficiency. The inequality analysis shows that most provinces were in a moderate state. Heilongjiang, Gansu, and Guangxi have obvious disadvantages. Some suggestions have been made for harmonious industry development and enhanced efficiency, such as the implementation of efficiency and price-based land use policies, industry and energy structure optimisation, technological improvement, and appropriate compensation
The Nekrascape
No full textThe speculative poem titled 'The Nekrascape' is a gothic-horror poem written by A J Dalton and published by Altered Reality Magazine in its Summer 2023 issue. The poem is the second in a sequence of five, the sequence starting with 'The Nekra'
The International Criminal Court is twenty years old: A geopolitical assessment
No full textAlors qu’elle fête ses vingt ans de fonctionnement, la Cour pénale internationale fait face à une crise existentielle. Sa performance à ce jour a été plutôt médiocre, avec seulement cinq condamnations sur les près de vingt affaires qui ont fait l’objet de procédures judiciaires. Le taux de ratification et d’adhésion a stagné au cours de la dernière décennie. L’enquête sur la situation en Ukraine semble avoir revigoré la Cour. Pourtant, elle révèle également une faiblesse dans son incapacité à poursuivre le crime d’agression. Les partisans de l’enquête semblent avoir totalement ignoré la question de la complémentarité, selon laquelle la Cour ne devrait intervenir que si les autorités nationales ne peuvent ou ne veulent engager des poursuites. L’engouement pour l’enquête sur l’Ukraine constitue un exercice du pouvoir discrétionnaire du procureur qui révèle un parti pris envers les priorités politiques des États occidentaux qui pourrait nuire à la réputation de la Cour ailleurs dans le monde.As it marks twenty years of operation, the International Criminal Court faces an existential crisis. Its performance to date has been lacklustre, with only five convictions of the nearly twenty cases that have gone to trial. The rate of ratification and accession has been stagnant for the past decade. The investigation into the Situation in Ukraine appears to have reinvigorated the Court. Yet it also reveals a weakness in its inability to prosecute the crime of aggression. Supporters of the investigation seem to have entirely overlooked the issue of complementarity, whereby the Court should only intervene if the national authorities are unable or unwilling to undertake prosecution. The enthusiasm for the investigation in Ukraine constitutes an exercise of discretion by the Prosecutor that reveals a bias towards the political priorities of Western States that may harm the Court’s reputation elsewhere in the world
Designing Retail and Service Futures 2023: Reimagining the future for retail and service design theory and practices
Get PDFThese proceedings were created by compiling the papers presented at the first colloquium of the Special Interest Group (SIG) Designing Retail & Service Futures from the Design Research Society (DRS). The SIG was established in 2021 under the guidance of the Design Research Society. The SIG strives to gain a better understanding of the value of design in the commercial sector, including disciplines, such as interior design, architecture, retail and hospitality, branding, marketing, strategic design, design management and consumer psychology. Design and its value have been a subject of study for many years and from many different disciplinary perspectives (ranging from product design to marketing, business economics, service design, management, environmental psychology, (interior)architecture, etc.). However, these perspectives have been developed in a fragmented way with discrete research methods and results that present limitations to practically applying these findings holistically across the inter-related fields of design, retail, and services.
Recent developments, that have been accelerated by the pandemic and the current economic crisis, show that in practice, services are becoming integral to retail and vice versa. The consumers’ needs and the dedication of retailers to serve these needs have sparked new approaches that unite both service and retail design. Whether it be online or offline (or both), for a product or a service or an experience, or all together… It is only natural that the research community support the development of this field through furthering insights. This colloquium focuses on bringing together various disciplines to contribute their related knowledge and insights with the objective of calibrating terms and meanings that strive for consensus across disciplines related to retail and service design. This is to work towards knowledge and practice-based contributions that strive for a more holistic and encompassing retail and service design future
The International Legal Order's Colour Line: Racism and racial discrimination in the making of international law
No full textPrior to the twentieth century, international law was predominantly written by and for the 'civilised nations' of the white Global North. It justified doctrines of racial inequality and effectively drew a colour line that excluded citizens of the Global South and persons of African descent from participating in international law-making while subjecting them to colonialism and the slave trade.
The International Legal Order's Colour Line narrates this divide and charts the development of regulation on racism and racial discrimination at the international level, principally within the United Nations. Most notably, it outlines how these themes gained traction once the Global South gained more participation in international law-making after the First World War. It challenges the narrative that human rights are a creation of the Global North by focussing on the decisive contributions that countries of the Global South and people of colour made to anchor anti-racism in international law.
After assessing early historical developments, chapters are devoted to The League of Nations, the adoption and implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the debates within UNESCO on the notion of race itself, expansion of crimes against humanity to cover peacetime violations, as well as challenges to apartheid in South Africa. At all stages, the focus lies on the role played by those who have been the victims of racial discrimination, primarily the countries of the Global South, in advancing the debate and promoting the development of new legal rules and institutions for their implementation. The International Legal Order's Colour Line provides a comprehensive history and compelling new approach to the history of human rights law
The role of equal pay auditing in resolving unequal pay: More hindrance than help?
Get PDFThe introduction of the Equal Pay Act 1970 in Great Britain had an immediate effect on the incidence of unequal pay for equal work. 50 years on however, unequal pay remains an intractable issue, partly due to a pervasive culture of pay secrecy that prevents women from discovering potential instances of pay discrimination. A wide range of regulatory measures under the banner of “pay transparency” are often proposed to combat this problem. One such measure is equal pay auditing. This chapter examines the Equality and Human Rights Commission’s (EHRC) recommended method for conducting voluntary equal pay audits. The EHRC tells employers that this method will establish whether their organisation is compliant with the Equality Act 2010. However, this chapter argues that there is a disconnect between the EHRC’s method and equal pay law, which prevents employers who conduct an audit from identifying individual cases of unequal pay for equal work. Given this disconnect, this chapter argues that the EHRC’s auditing method may be counterproductive, as it may mislead employers and employees about the existence of discriminatory pay
Mapping UX: the Cultural Web and cultural change
Get PDFThis chapter summarises a workshop presented at the UX in Libraries Conference VI, 2022.
In response to critiques of UX as being project-based rather than embedded in organisational culture, this article and the workshop explore how we can picture UX and ethnography as core to the business of the library, through describing the application of Johnson's Cultural Web as a tool for both describing the current position of UX within an organisation and what a desired position may look like