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The effect of wage proposals on efficiency and income distribution
Get PDFPre-play non-binding communication in organizations is prevalent. We study the implications of pre-play wage proposals and information revelation in a labour relationship in a laboratory experiment. In the baseline, that depicts a typical labour market interaction, the employer makes a wage offer to the worker who may then accept or reject it. In a subsequent treatment, workers, moving first, make private, non-binding, wage proposals to the employer. Our findings suggest that wage proposals promote higher wages, efficiency, and income equality. We run an additional experiment as a robustness check where we make the wage proposals public. We find that most of the results hold. Similar wage proposals are observed in the Public and Private information treatments, while accepted wages in the public treatment are higher than the baseline and significantly lower than under private information. It seems that workers conform to the available information on the wage of their co-worker from the last period when proposals are public. Interestingly, while both benefit over the baseline, public information on wage proposals benefits firms more than workers. We also develop a theoretical model to rationalize our results. The experimental results provide broad support for our hypotheses
Review of Kriszta Kovács (ed), The Jurisprudence of Particularism: National Identity Claims in Central Europe (Bloomsbury Publishing 2023), ISBN: 9781509960125
No full textThis is a book review of Kriszta Kovács (ed), The Jurisprudence of Particularism: National Identity Claims in Central Europe (Bloomsbury Publishing 2023), ISBN: 9781509960125
Change-of-direction and deceleration deficits in national-team female rugby sevens players: interrelationships and associations with speed-related performance
Get PDFPurpose: To investigate the relationships between a series of direct and indirect measures of linear and multidirectional speed performance in elite female rugby sevens players. Methods: Nineteen players from the Brazilian national team performed 40-m linear sprint and 505 change-of-direction (COD) tests on the same day. Based on the linear sprint and COD test performances, the COD deficit (CODD) and deceleration deficit (DD) were also obtained. A Pearson product–moment correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between linear sprint and COD-derived variables. Results: Linear sprint and 505 COD velocities were not significantly associated (P > .05). Large to very large significant associations (r values ranging from .54 to .78; P < .05) were detected between linear sprint velocity for the different distances tested (10, 15, 30, and 40 m) and CODD. The COD velocity presented a very large inverse significant correlation with CODD and DD (r = −.77 and −.79 respectively; P < .05). A large and significant correlation was identified between CODD and DD (r = .79; P < .05). Conclusions: Significant associations were observed between linear sprint and CODD, suggesting that faster players are less efficient at changing direction. No relationship was found between sprint velocity and DD, highlighting the independent nature of linear sprints and deceleration capabilities. A comprehensive and detailed analysis of multidirectional speed performance should consider not only linear sprint and COD performances but also complementary COD-derived variables such as the CODD and DD
When partitioning is not an option: Resource availability predicts intraguild interactions in two isolated Amazonian primate assemblages
No full textAssemblage structure and acquisition of high‐value resources will usually be affected by changes in resource availability and differential competitive abilities of assemblage members. In fragmented habitats where carrying capacity limits are exceeded due to high population densities and biomass, interspecific interactions can be expected to occur at a high frequency, potentially turning into an important cost for coexistence. We studied assemblage‐ and guild‐level patterns of interspecific interactions in two highly diverse isolated primate assemblages in southern Amazonia. Specifically, we assessed the effects of temporal variation in fruit availability on the rates of interspecific interactions between gray woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha cana), one of the largest tree‐dwelling mammals of the Amazon forests, and nine syntopic primate species. We found that fruit availability positively predicted rate of intraguild interactions in contrast to overall assemblage interaction rate. We did not find statistical evidence for the effect of fruit availability on the assemblage rates of type‐dependent (i.e., agonistic or non‐agonistic) and context‐dependent (i.e., feeding or non‐feeding) interactions. However, there was a clear trend toward increased feeding‐related and agonistic‐related interactions as fruit availability increased, with agonistic interactions mostly occurring at guild‐level. These results provide support for a significant role of fruit availability in structuring spatial–temporal intraguild interactions at our study sites. Costly interspecific interactions and spatial habitat overlap can be expected to occur at a high frequency in highly diverse assemblages living in human‐modified landscapes, which in turn, can have potentially negative impacts to the species involved
An 89.3% current efficiency, sub 0.1% THD current driver for electrical impedance tomography
Get PDFAccurate electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurements require a current driver with low total harmonic distortion (THD) and high output impedance. Conventional EIT current drivers attain good performance for these parameters but at the expense of low current efficiency. This Brief presents a differential current driver based on a current feedback structure with isolated common-mode feedback, achieving very low THD, high output impedance and high current efficiency. In addition, it uses current DACs to remove any dc offsets at the output nodes. The current driver was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology with 3.3 V supply. Measured results demonstrate a THD of 0.05% and 0.1% at 80 kHz, for 1mAp−p and 1.375mAp−p output current, respectively. The total current consumption is 1.54 mA, resulting in a maximum current efficiency of 89.3%. The measured output impedance is 1.023 MΩ at 500 kHz and 568 kΩ at 1 MHz
Complementary schools as heritage language communities of practice: reaching beyond language maintenance
No full textThis chapter sets out to address the concern that community-heritage languages (C-HLs) are marginalised in mainstream schooling in England and indeed across the world. Drawing on stakeholders’ views in six community-based language schools teaching Arabic, Bulgarian, Chinese, Korean, Polish, and Spanish respectively, we develop an evidence-based understanding of the full range of purposes of C-HL schools in the education of migrant-background children. Our research shows that while linguistic, educational and some cultural skills are more explicitly taught, the social and emotional skills and some other subtle elements of how we share diasporic inheritance are implicitly embedded in the C-HL practices within the schools. In doing so, the chapter raises awareness of the importance and value of complementary schooling which we argue can be theorised as language communities of practice. We propose a multidimensional model encompassing five purposes: Social integration, Emotional wellbeing, Language maintenance, Educational opportunity, and Cultural inheritance (SELEC). We argue that a progressive policy agenda for planning and developing complementary schooling (CS) in England and in similar contexts across the world is needed which will benefit not only migrant-background children attending these schools but also society at large
Reciprocal mentoring
No full textReciprocal mentoring represents an approach to mentoring in organisations that is both timely and of critical importance in the context of diversity, inclusion, equity, and the power shift in mentoring practice. This book provides insight into how reciprocal mentoring programmes can strengthen mutual learning and encourage true partnership between participants.
This approach to mentoring places participants on a level playing field; people with disparate expertise, backgrounds, and experience levels are placed in relationships in which they act as both mentor and mentee, generating a range of benefits for all involved. This book explores the design, development, and evaluation of reciprocal mentoring programmes in six different contexts: entrepreneurial, healthcare sector, third sector, education sector, membership organisations, and private sector organisations. Three different approaches to reciprocal mentoring programmes are set out: reciprocal by design, reciprocal by default, and reciprocal as an output. Each chapter describes a number of different case studies that adopt a variety of approaches to reciprocal mentoring programmes, their contextual relevance, and overall impact and contribution.
This book will be useful for any individuals and teams involved in the development of mentoring programmes. The range of approaches and frameworks presented in this book will benefit mentoring and coaching practitioners, managers, consultants, professionals in a variety of organisational contexts, and researchers
Export diversification and economic growth in Kuwait: evidence from time series and field survey analyses
No full textThis study examines whether export diversification can foster sustained economic growth in Kuwait, using time series analysis for the period 1980–2019 and a field survey of one hundred Kuwait business leaders engaged in import and export of goods and services. The time series analysis reveals that there is no causality between export diversification and economic growth in the short-run. However, an indirect causality runs from export diversification to economic growth, and vice versa, via imports. In the long-run, no causality runs from export diversification to economic growth, but economic growth does cause export diversification. The field survey results indicate that there is a consensus among Kuwaiti CEOs that there are positive spillover effects from exports and imports to producers of local goods and services, and that imports are conductive to economic diversification
Behind the screens: stories from the Covid vaccination programme in North Central London
No full textThis website tells the stories of the people (NHS professionals and volunteers) who took part in the COVID-19 Vaccination Programme in five London boroughs which make up North Central London: Barnet, Camden, Enfield, Islington, Haringey
North London social work teaching partnership practice educator research project
No full textThis research project is funded by the North London Social Work Teaching Partnership (NLSWTP). NLSWTP comprises six local authorities, Barnet, Camden, Enfield, Hackney, Haringey and Islington Councils, the charity Norwood, and Middlesex University. The project aims to explore the experiences of Practice Educators (PEs) working in the partnership.
Across the sector in adult social care and child and family social work there is an issue of identifying and supporting existing PEs, so that once qualified as PEs they remain as active PEs. Despite being essential for the development of students joining the profession and security of the future workforce, the recruitment and training of PEs to support the social work workforce has also been a challenge.
Considering these points, this research is intended to learn about the experiences of current PEs, reasons why some do not continue in the role over the longer term, and how best to support PEs in the interests of increasing retention