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The return of drugs courts: some important considerations
Get PDFDrugs courts can be praised for the rehabilitative health-treatment response they deliver to people with drugs dependence problems. This is when contrasted with traditional courts that operate on adversarial and retributive justice principles and do little to alleviate cycles of repeat drugs offending. Whilst drugs courts have been met with success and embraced in several jurisdictions worldwide, fundamental points need to be raised on the model that is re-emerging in England and Wales. Indications are it will involve drugs testing and a ‘graduated sanctions and incentives system' that comprises short custodial sentences for non-compliance. This essay discusses the newly emerging drugs court model as signposted within different legislative and public policy documents and raises questions relating to the precise model these courts will take; whether they prioritise harm reduction or if ‘abstinence’ goals will predominate. We question whether people with drugs dependence problems should be sanctioned to short custodial prison sentences if in breach of a drugs court order. And perhaps more fundamentally: do we need drugs courts in the English and Welsh justice system
The Nekra
No full text'The Nekra' is a speculative poem (dark sci-fi) by A J Dalton that appeared in the Spring 2024 (47.2) issue of Star*Line journal, the leading title of the Science Fiction Poetry Association (SFPA). The poems 'Digital Desire','Unwind' and 'Surface Tension', also by A J Dalton, appeared in previous issues
An experimental task to measure preschool children’s frustration induced by having to wait unexpectedly: The role of sensitivity to delay and culture
Get PDFThe ability to manage frustration induced by having to wait for valued outcomes emerges across childhood and is an important marker of self-regulatory capacity. However, approaches to measure this capacity in preschool children are lacking. In this study, we introduced a new task, the Preschool Delay Frustration Task (P-DeFT), designed specifically to identify children’s behavioral and emotional markers of waiting-induced frustration during the imposed wait period and after the release from waiting. We then explored how waiting-induced frustration relates to individual differences in delay sensitivity and whether it differs between two cultural groups thought to have different attitudes toward children’s conduct and performance: Hong Kong (HK) and the United Kingdom (UK). A total of 112 preschool children (mean age = 46.22 months) completed the P-DeFT in a quiet laboratory. Each trial had two stages; first, a button press elicited a Go signal; second, this Go signal allowed children to go to a “supermarket” to pick a target toy. On most trials, the Go signal occurred immediately on the first press. On 6 trials, an unexpected/unsignaled 5- or 10-s pre-Go-signal period was imposed. Frustration was indexed by performance (button presses and press duration), behavioral agitation, and negative affect during the pre-Go-signal wait period and the post-Go-signal shopping task. Parents rated their children’s delay sensitivity. Waiting-related frustration expressed during both the pre-Go-signal wait period and the post-Go-signal task varied with (a) the length of wait and (b) individual differences in parent-rated delay sensitivity. UK children displayed more negative affect during delay than their HK counterparts, although the relationship between delay sensitivity and frustration was culturally invariant
Recruitment, retention, and training of citizen scientists in translational medicine research: a citizen science initiative on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Get PDFCitizen science is a participatory science approach in which members of the public (citizens) collaborate with scientists and professional researchers and become involved in research and innovation activities, resulting in the co-creation of scientific knowledge and innovation. Citizen science has been widely applied in research, particularly in the social sciences, environmental sciences, information and communication technologies, and public health. However, the application of this approach in clinical sciences, particularly in translational medicine research, is still nascent. This exploratory study involved members of the public (citizen scientists) in a translational medicine experiment on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease that incorporated a lifestyle and weight-loss intervention. The aim of this paper is to report successful methods and approaches for the recruitment, retention, and training of citizen scientists. For the citizen scientists’ recruitment, online calls placed on the websites of our research project and biomedical research center and targeted emails were the most helpful. Of the 14 members of the public who expressed interest in our study, six were recruited as citizen scientists. Citizen scientists were mostly female (n = 5, 83%), white (n = 3, 50%), over 50 years of age (n = 4, 67%), educated to postgraduate level (n = 5, 83%), and either retired or not in employment (n = 5, 83%). The retention rate was 83% (n = 5), and the dropout rate was 17% (n = 1). We arranged instructor-led interactive online training sessions (an hour-long one-on-one session and two-hour group sessions). Research skills training covered ethics in research and qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Citizen scientists were given several incentives, such as reimbursement of travel and care costs, selection as citizen scientists of the month, publications of their blogs and perspective articles, and co-authorship and acknowledgement in papers and project deliverables. To conclude, members of the public (particularly middle-aged white women with postgraduate education) are interested in becoming citizen scientists in translational medicine research. Their retention rate is higher, and they can contribute to different research activities. However, they need training to develop their research skills and expertise. The training should be simple, comprehensive, and flexible to accommodate the schedules of individual citizen scientists. They deserve incentives as they work on a voluntary basis
Bulgaria’s Faustian bargain and the betrayal of the 2020 anti-corruption protests
No full textBulgaria’s anti-corruption protests in 2020 gave voice to engaged citizens eager for reform in the country’s political system. Despite this, successive governments have failed to honour their pledges to bring about real change. A controversial understanding between establishment and reformist figures has only dashed these hopes of reform further
Blockchain based mobile-patient medical records management system
Get PDFThe study outlines a blockchain-based mobile app-based patient records management system that aims to store and exchange all data in a more safe and open manner. The system was developed using Android Studio based on flutter SDK. Since flutter is a free and open-source software development kit that facilitates the creation of mobile apps that run on several platform, technological study based on flutter programming language has been chosen to be utilized for the implementation. The extendable, scalable, and adaptive nature of the language is more effective. Safekeeping and updating of medical records on paper is a major challenge. Additionally, these can be easily lost and swapped. Other existing electronic record systems lack robust security and in cases of emergencies can pose a delay. Thereby, this project proposes leveraging features of the blockchain technology by developing an easy-to-use mobile app, so that healthcare establishments can overcome the limitations identified in current systems while revolutionizing the healthcare system. To ascertain the issue’s scalability, rigorous testing was carried out. The system architecture, user requirements, interface designs, necessary sequential patterns and the development process have been documented in this paper
Applying IB knowledge to IB researchers: the academic capability building and knowledge creation process
Get PDFUsing the lens of Nonaka’s knowledge creation theory, we suggest the most effective ways of academic capability building for enhanced knowledge creation. Through an ex-post reflection on the first author’s recent experiences, we provide a framework and vocabulary that opens up new ways of understanding academic capability building and the academic knowledge creation process. We suggest that applying IB knowledge to our own profession may help us to better understand our own knowledge creation process
Genetics of performance and injury: considerations for the strength and conditioning coach
Get PDFGenetic profiling and direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing have seen an exponential growth in the last decade, driven by advancements in knowledge and technology making genetic information far more accessible to the population. Specifically in the sports industry there are claims that the results from these tests can inform training and dietary practises and even identify children’s athletic talents. However, in some cases how this information is being utilised or promoted can be far removed from the evidence base. Due to this it is very important for anyone involved in the sports industry, such as strength and conditioning coaches, sports scientists, coaches, and parents to have a sound grasp of what can and cannot be taken from genetic tests. Thus, the purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of genetics and heredity, highlight some of the key genetic findings to date regarding athletic performance and injury and then finally to provide context as to how this information can be utilised
The sustainable configuration optimisation of office multi-angled façade systems
Get PDFThis research paper optimises the configuration of multi-angled façade systems to achieve the sustainability goals of reduced energy consumption and improved indoor climate quality. The concept of a multi-angled façade system is based on proposing the use of two different orientations of windows in each façade on a vertical axis, but not tilted up and down. The large part of the multi-angled façade is oriented more to the north to optimise the use of daylight and the small part more to the south to optimise the use of solar radiation. In order to evaluate the performance of the façade, the software program IDA ICE version 4.8 is used. (EQUA, Stockholm, Sweden). Two groups of scenarios were simulated: the first group consisted of nine scenarios (A1 to A9) that included changing the area and the orientation of the two façade parts, and the second group consisted of three scenarios (B1 to B3) by changing the window to wall ratio (WWR) of these scenarios. According to the results of the simulation, two scenarios from the first group are recommended: A3 for optimal daylight penetration and A7 for optimal energy performance. Regarding the second group, scenarios B1 for optimal daylight penetration and B3 for optimal energy performance are recommended
Sex-specific HLA alleles contribute to the modulation of COVID-19 severity
Get PDFSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), exhibits a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to severe pulmonary dysfunction or death. The variability in COVID-19 severity has largely been attributed to the host’s genetic characteristics, suggesting a polygenic genetic architecture, without significant strong evidence of sex-related genetic differences. In this Italian retrospective case–control study, we investigated the association between COVID-19 severity (severe vs. asymptomatic/oligosymptomatic healed individuals) and HLA gene variants, analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). We identified significant HLA alleles (according to the conventional nomenclature), SNPs and haplotypes in the HLA-B, -C, -F, -DQA1, -DRB1, and -DRB5 genes associated with COVID-19 severity. Interestingly, these variants showed biological sex-related effects. Also, we identified specific haplotypes associated with COVID-19 severity that are shared by different conventional HLA alleles, indicated here as “super-haplotypes”. These haplotypes had a biological sex-specific impact on disease severity and markedly increased the risk of severe COVID-19 compared to the conventional HLA alleles (odds ratio of up to 15). Our data suggest that the revision of the current HLA nomenclature may help to identify variants with a stronger effect on disease susceptibility and that association studies could benefit from the stratification of patients by biological sex. If replicated in other disease models, these findings could help to define the functional diversity in immune response between sexes, also based on the HLA system. Finally, due to the global pandemic’s mortality rate, we hypothesize here that SARS-CoV-2 may have acted as a natural selection trigger, leading to a drift in HLA allelic frequencies in the general population