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The Incremental Militarization of Outer Space: A Threshold Analysis
Get PDFThe overarching theme of this article is not to revisit existing debates surrounding the application of jus ad bellum or jus in bello parameters to the “peculiarities” of outer space. Rather, this article examines the major
treaties that regulate a States’ military activities in outer space (including, for example, the Outer Space Treaty, Limited Test Ban Treaty, Liability Convention and, PPWT), alongside Charter norms, such as Article 2(4)of the UN Charter, to pinpoint the threshold of breach, violation and incremental militarization of outer space. With respect to the PPWT, it is important to note at this juncture that it remains a “proposal”, and at best, lex ferenda. A natural consequence from this analysis will be to underscore the extent to which “toleration” of such violations by States, and the international community as a whole, has resulted in the incremental militarization of space
Exploring the role of work identity and work locus of control in information security awareness
Get PDFA growing body of research evidence has been focused on exploring aspects of individual differences in the context of human factors and adherence to organisational information security. The present study aimed to extend this research by exploring three individual variables related directly to the individual’s perceived control within the workplace, their commitment to current work identity, and the extent to which they are reconsidering commitment to work. A total 1003 participants aged between 18-65 (Mean = 40.29; SD = 12.28), who were in full or part-time employment took part in the study. The results demonstrated that work locus of control acted as a significant predictor for total scores on a measure of information security awareness. Those individuals who demonstrated more externality had weaker engagement in accepted information security within the workplace. The findings from the current study are discussed in the context of potential links to counterproductive work behaviours, as well as presenting possible practical routes for intervention strategies to help mitigate poor engagement in information security awareness
Inpainting large missing regions based on Seam Carving
Get PDFInpainting techniques are developed to recover missing image information. Existing inpainting approaches are: Partial Differential Equations Based Inpainting (PDE-BI) and Exemplar-Based Inpainting (EBI). PDE-BI methods used to fill in the missing information via information propagation from neighbouring areas. However, it can only reconstruct successfully small missing regions that are surrounded by limited texture. However, EBI methods are used to recover large regions with richly-textured/structured areas around them, moreover, artefacts are likely to occur. This paper proposes a technique to reduce the missing region size based on seam carving approach, which enables EBI and PDE-BI to recover the missing part. In our proposal, seam carving is used to reduce only the size of the missing region, to be subsequently recovered using EBI method. The added extra paths resulting from the added seams is repaired using PDE-BI. This method outperformed the state-of-art EBI methods
Assessing the design of accounting modules across UK higher educational institutions
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to uncover how accounting modules are designed across UK Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). We carried out a content
analysis of Undergraduate Year 1 Accounting Module Handbooks for a sample of 12 UK Universities. The study finds considerable heterogeneity concerning the way accounting modules are designed and delivered across the UK HE sector. Our findings reveal significant variations across the sector in terms of credit hours, module learning outcomes and assessment strategies. This research contributes to accounting/business education literature as no study has previously utilised a content analysis approach to understand how accounting modules are designed and delivered across UK HEIs
Controlling Sensitivity of Gaussian Bayes Predictions based on Eigenvalue Thresholding
Get PDFGaussian Bayes classifiers are widely used in machine learning for various purposes. Its special characteristic has provided a great capacity for estimating the likelihood and reliability of individual classification decision made, which has been used in many areas such as decision support assessments and risk analysis. However, Gaussian Bayes models tend to perform poorly when processing feature vectors of high dimensionality. This limitation is often resolved using dimension reduction techniques such as Principal Component Analysis. Conventional approaches on reducing dimensionalities usually rely on using a simple threshold based on accuracy measurements or sampling characteristics but rarely consider the sensitivity aspect of the prediction model created. In this paper, we have investigated the influence of eigenvalue selections on Gaussian Bayes classifiers in the context of sensitivity adjustment. Experiments based on real-life data have shown indicative and intriguing results
Seeing More Than Human: Autism and Anthropomorphic Theory of Mind
Get PDFTheory of mind (ToM) is defined as the process of taking another’s perspective. Anthropomorphism can be seen as the extension of ToM to non-human entities. This review examines the literature concerning ToM and anthropomorphism in relation to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), specifically addressing the questions of how and why those on the spectrum both show an increased interest for anthropomorphism and may even show improved ToM abilities when judging the mental states of anthropomorphic characters. This review highlights that while individuals with ASD traditionally show deficits on a wide range of ToM tests, such as recognizing facial emotions, such ToM deficits may be ameliorated if the stimuli presented is cartoon or animal-like rather than human form. Individuals with ASD show a greater interest in anthropomorphic characters and process the features of these characters using methods typically reserved for human stimuli. Personal accounts of individuals with ASD also suggest they may identify more closely with animals than other humans. It is shown how the social motivations hypothesized to underlie the anthropomorphizing of non-human targets may lead those on the spectrum to seek social connections and therefore gain ToM experience and expertise amongst unlikely sources
Application of Machine Learning in Software Engineering
No full textThe purpose of the software manufacturing industry is to produce high-quality applications that meet the requirements of customers and users who live long, that are easy to use and have as few errors as possible. Building such an ideal software is a relatively difficult process. To be successful in this industry, a specific discipline is needed when designing and developing software. There is therefore an engineering perspective on the whole process. Many companies and individuals still develop software chaotic, based on a poor analysis, which leads to unsuccessful outcomes such as software failures that fail to meet the expected requirements. Software Engineering applies to optimize these phenomena
What am I thinking? Perspective-taking from the perspective of adolescents with autism
Get PDFAutistic people are often described as being impaired with regard to theory of mind, though more recent literature finds flaws in the theory of mind deficit paradigm. In addition, the predominant methods for examining theory of mind often rely on “observational” modes of assessment and do not adequately reflect the dynamic process of real-life perspective taking. Thus, it is imperative that researchers continue to test the autistic theory of mind deficit paradigm and explore theory of mind experiences through more naturalistic approaches. This study qualitatively examined theory of mind in 12 autistic adolescents through a series of semi-structured interviews. Interpretive phenomenological analysis of the data revealed four core themes in participants’ theory of mind experiences and strategies, all of which highlighted how a more accurate representation of autistic theory of mind is one of difference rather than deficit. For instance, data showed that autistic heightened perceptual abilities may contribute to mentalizing strengths and that honesty in autism may be less dependent on systemizing rather than personal experience and choice. Such findings suggest that future research should reexamine autistic characteristics in light of their ability to enhance theory of mind processing. Understanding how an autistic theory of mind is uniquely functional is an imperative step toward both destigmatizing the condition and advocating for neurodiversity