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Analysis of return on investment in photovoltaic systems in households
No full textThis bachelor thesis focuses on the economic return of investing in a photovoltaic (PV) system for a household. In recent years, interest in solar energy has increased due to rising electricity prices, improved technology, government subsidies, and the desire for greater energy independence. The theoretical part explains how PV systems work, what types exist, and what factors affect their performance. It also describes the legal and financial support available in the Czech Republic. The practical part analyzes real data from a hybrid PV system with 21 panels and a battery, installed in 2022. Using data from 2023, the return on investment is calculated with two methods - the simple payback period (9,6 years) and the discounted payback period (13 years). The thesis also compares this real case with two model scenarios for 2025 - one with professional installation, and one done by the owner. The results show that using most of the solar energy at home is key to getting a good return. Households that adjust their energy use to match solar production can make the investment more efficient and reduce their dependence on the grid. The thesis offers recommendations for households considering solar energy and highlights important factors to consider before making the investment
Interest in Politics and Public Life - Autumn 2024
No full textIn the autumn of 2024, the CVVM SOÚ AV ČR conducted a survey on a set of questions concerning the interest of Czech citizens in politics and public life.\nLess than half (47%) of the population declares an interest in politics in general, while less than a tenth (8%) are very interested in politics and 16% are not interested in politics at all. More than three-fifths (64%) of respondents follow social-wide events in some way on a daily basis, most often via television and internet news sites (both 35%), less often via social midia (21%) or radio (19%). 12% use internet blogs and discussion forums and 5% use printed newspapers or magazines. Less than a tenth (9%) of people also discuss society-wide events outside the internet on a daily basis, while more than a quarter (26%) say they never do so
New deazapurine nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides as potential cytostatics or CD73 inhibitors
No full text1 ABSTRACT This thesis aims to regulate the role of adenosine in various cancers by modulating the activity of two different molecular targets. In the first part of my thesis, I describe the synthesis of a larger library of modified nucleotides targeting CD73 enzyme. The synthesis starts with a protection of commercially available D-ribose, followed by glycosylation with different nucleobases and modifications of obtained nucleosides via Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. First of all, previously prepared series of C-2 unsubstituted 7-deazapurine monophosphonates were extended by few C-2 chloro substituted analogues, which led to a significant improvement in their CD73 inhibitory activity. Also, a big range/several series/library of differently modified 7-deazapurine/purine bisphosphonates are reported together with their inhibitory potencies against human and mouse CD73, in both enzymatic and cell-based assays (MDA-MB-231), in vitro ADME data and in vivo pharmacokinetics data for selected compounds. Besides that, various bisphosphonate modifications at position C-2 and C-6 gave us a better understanding of SAR and let us discover a possible drug candidate that shows not only good inhibitory activity but also reasonable half-life and clearance. In addition, a few bisphosphonates bearing..
The role of TRPV4 channels in disorders of central nervous system
No full textThe role of TRPV4 channels in disorders of central nervous system ABSTRACT Astrocytes are responsible for maintenance of the ionic and water homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), and they are associated with pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or ischemia. In this study, we investigated astrocyte volume regulation, which reflects astrocytic ability to buffer ions, neurotransmitters and water. We focused mainly on the role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) and Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) channels that can contribute to the development of a brain edema during ischemic brain injury. We employed a model of focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) and magnetic resonance imaging to assess the extent of the damage, as well as in situ model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), real-time iontophoresis to assess the parameters of the extracellular space or three-dimensional (3D) morphometry to assess astrocyte volume changes. Additionally, we investigated changes in the expression of genes contributing to astrocyte volume regulation in the mouse model of AD as well as in mice with a deletion of TRPV4 and/or AQP4. In the model of AD, we identified changes in the expression of proteins participating in water transport in the brain, including AQP4. Moreover, our analysis showed decreased swelling of..
The influence of the physical and chemical properties of nanofibers on the modification of controlled delivery bioactive substances in regenerative medicine
No full textThe influence of the physical and chemical properties of nanofibers on the modification of controlled delivery of bioactive substances in regenerative medicine. Abstract This work focuses on the assessment of the impact of physical-chemical properties of nanofibers on the modification of controlled delivery of bioactive molecules in the context of regenerative medicine. In the osteochondral experimental part, implants based on peptide hydrogel with biodegradable particles exhibiting nanofiber morphology were developed and tested in vivo. Also, a combined porous implant based on collagen, β-TCP and nanofiber materials enriched with growth factors BMP-2, TGF-β, bFGF and IGF-1 was tested, with the aim to regenerate both the osteogenic and chondrogenic part of the defect, which was successfully confirmed in the experiment. In the context of skin defects, PCL and PVA skin covers were created and tested in vivo, with excellent results in terms of skin defect regeneration. Furthermore, PCL nanofiber carriers were optimized by inserting a polycaprolactam polymer subunit into the polymer structure, thereby improving the biocompatibility of the nanofiber carriers. Further optimization of the carriers took place at the level of functionalization of PCL nanofiber carriers with adhered platelets or encapsulation of..
Compensation of damages in criminal proceedings
No full textCompensation of damages in criminal proceedings Abstract This rigorous thesis is devoted to the topic of compensation of damages in criminal proceedings and the application of claims for compensation of damages of the injured in criminal proceedings. The aim of this rigorous thesis is to try to isolate the most important objectives of the current legislation of the Criminal Procedure Code in relation to the application of claims for compensation of damages in criminal proceedings by the injured, to provide the necessary insight into the issue of adhesion proceedings, which is closely related to the topic of this thesis, and to answer the basic research question: Has the current legislation of the Criminal Procedure Code achieved the goals set by the legislator in relation to the compensation of damages in criminal proceedings? The ongoing evaluations of the current legislation of the Criminal Procedure Code are also supplemented by de lege ferenda considerations relating to possible remedies or improvements to the current legislation of the Criminal Procedure Code. This rigorous thesis has been prepared using the critical analysis method, the systematic method and the comparative method. In the first chapter of this rigorous thesis, I focus on the civil law concept of "damage" - in the sense of damage to..
Molekulární fylogeneze a historická biogeografie bekyňovitých ( Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae)
No full textThis thesis analyses the systematics, evolutionary history and population structure of two tussock moth species, Lymantria dispar and L. monacha. The work applies an exhaustive sampling and an integrative framework that combines different molecular and morphological approaches to reveal the diversity of the studied species. Furthermore, the thesis analyses the phylogeny and systematics of the Afrotropical genus Tamsita to reveal the complexity of the mostly neglected species in tropical regions, thus contrasting them with the well-studied pest species. In addition, the thesis assesses the diversity patterns of the tussock moth fauna of the wider Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany region and reviews the Oriental genus Daplasa with a description of the new species from China
Art aktivities with two-year-odl children in preschool
No full textThis bachelor's thesis focuses on art activities with two-year-old children in kindergarten. The aim is to identify the types of activities implemented with this age group, their frequency, and the ways in which they are organized, including their forms and structure. Furthermore, the thesis evaluates the suitability of these activities and, based on interviews, proposes art activities adapted to the needs of two-year-old children. The theoretical part describes the psychomotor development of two-year-old children, their artistic expression, and commonly used techniques in preschool education. The practical part is based on qualitative research, specifically interviews with kindergarten teachers and the implementation of selected art activities. The results indicate that art activities are a common part of the education of two-year-old children; however, their organization varies depending on the possibilities of the kindergarten. Teachers prefer simple techniques that correspond to children's fine motor skills and adapt activities to their abilities. A key aspect is an individualized approach and motivating children to engage in creative activities. The thesis provides specific recommendations for selecting appropriate activities and may serve as inspiration for parents or kindergarten educators
Reasons for graduates studying for a degree leading to kindergarten teaching not to practise the profession
No full textThe bachelor's thesis focuses on the reasons why graduates of the preschool teacher education program do not pursue a career as a kindergarten teacher after completing their studies. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of the teaching profession in early childhood education, motivation, work motivation, and career choice. Attention is also paid to the specifics of novice teachers. The practical part takes the form of qualitative research, specifically individual semi-structured interviews with graduates of secondary and higher education institutions specializing in preschool pedagogy. The aim of the thesis is to identify and analyze the main factors that lead to the decision not to pursue this profession
Extraordinary Governance in European Legal Tradition: Beyond Democracy's Rule of Law
No full textMimořádné vládnutí v evropské právní tradici; za hranicemi právního státu v demokracii Alexander Carl Dinopoulos Abstract V liberálně demokratickém státě je pojem právní stát spojený s ideou uzavřeného systému norem. Obecné normy, které utvářejí politický a právní řád státu, se nacházejí v ústavě. Nicméně právě toto omezení v rámci uzavřeného systému představuje existenční překážku při konfrontaci s mimořádnými hrozbami. Zdá se, že obecná povaha normy spolu se specifiky, která mimořádná událost obnáší, činí ústavu a její "uzavřený systém" neschopnými situaci čelit. V návaznosti na toto tvrzení počítá liberálně demokratická teorie s mimořádnými pravomocemi, které umožňují vládě jednat mimo obecný rámec ústavy. Římské rčení "salus populi suprema lex" a středověká maxima "necessitas legem non habet" jsou přirovnávány k ideologickému předpokladu, který takovou mimořádnou moc umožňuje. Právní řád římské republiky však dokládá, že dané přirovnání je falešné. Dvě protikladné právní "pravdy", z nichž jedna vychází z římské republiky a druhá z kanonického práva, vedou ke vzniku dvou různých právních tradic, a to "demokratické revoluční tradice" a "tradice konstituční monarchie", které následně utvářejí současný liberálně demokratický řád. Mimořádné vládnutí se tak jeví jako zakotvené mezi dvěma protichůdnými..