6320 research outputs found
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Encuesta poblacional sobre conocimientos y percepciones acerca de dengue contra prácticas preventivas en el municipio Lisa
No full textFAQ IT!: HIV prevalentie onderzoek in Vlaamse uitgaanssettings voor mannen die seks hebben met mannen
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An outbreak of peritonitis caused by multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
No full textBetween October 2004 and January 2005, 144 patients with peritonitis were admitted to the surgical wards of Kinshasa General Hospital and a few private city clinics. 63 patients (44%) underwent surgical intervention because of intestinal perforation consistent with typhoid fever; the case fatality rate was 53%. The majority of patients had received a course of first-line antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, ampicillin or co-trimoxazole before admission. On bacteriological investigation, Salmonella Typhi was isolated from the blood of 11 patients with peritonitis. The isolates were all resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole, but sensitive to third-generation cephalosporins, quinolone (nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacine) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Several factors contributed to the poor outcome of this disease including a) the use of inappropriate antibiotics, b) long delay in diagnosis, c) difficult access to health facilities. This is the first documented outbreak of typhoid fever caused by a multidrug-resistant S. Typhi in Kinshasa
Community-based distribution of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy improved coverage but reduced antenatal attendance in southern Malawi
No full textThe definitive version is available at www3.interscience.wiley.comSummary Objective To evaluate the impact of a 2-year programme for community-based delivery of sulfadoxine-pyremethamine (SP) on intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy coverage, antenatal clinic attendance and pregnancy outcome. Methods Fourteen intervention and 12 control villages in the catchment areas of Chikwawa and Ngabu Government Hospitals, southern Malawi, were selected. Village-based community health workers were trained in information, education and counselling on malaria control in pregnancy and the importance of attending antenatal clinics and promoted these messages to pregnant women. In the intervention group community health workers also distributed SP to pregnant women. Results In the control area, coverage of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (>2 doses) was low before (44.1%) and during the intervention (46.1%). In the intervention area, coverage increased from 41.5% to 82.9% (P 2 visits) was maintained in control villages at above 90%, but fell in intervention villages from 87.3% to 51.5% (P 40% did not significantly improve maternal haemoglobin or reduce low birthweight prevalence. Conclusions Better coverage of community-based intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy can lower attendance at antenatal clinics; thus its effect on pregnancy outcome and antenatal attendance need to be monitored
Population-level effect of potential HSV2 prophylactic vaccines on HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textHerpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV2) infection increases HIV transmission. We explore the impact of a potential prophylactic HSV2 vaccination on HIV incidence in Africa using STDSIM an individual-based model. A campaign that achieved 70% coverage over 5 years with a vaccine that reduced susceptibility to HSV2 acquisition and HSV2 reactivation by 75% for 10 years, reduced HIV incidence by 30-40% after 20 years (range 4-66%). Over 20 years, in most scenarios fewer than 100 vaccinations were required to avert one HIV infection. HSV2 vaccines could have a substantial impact on HIV incidence. Intensified efforts are needed to develop an effective HSV2 vaccine
Community-based promotional campaign to improve uptake of intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment in pregnancy in Burkina Faso
No full textMalaria preventive strategies in pregnancy were assessed in a health center randomized trial comparing intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) with and without community based promotional activities in rural Burkina Faso. The study involved 2,240 secundigravidae and secundigravidae and evaluated factors associated with antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance and uptake of IPTp-SP. With promotion, 64.2% completed > or = 3 ANC visits compared with 44.7% without (P = 0.05). Complete uptake of IPTp-SP was 71.8% with and 49.1% without promotion (P = 0.008). The IPTp-SP uptake was lowest in adolescents delivering during high malaria transmission with (29%) or without promotion (30%). Uptake of SP was higher during the low transmission season than in the high transmission season (adjusted odds ratio = 2.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.59-3.03). Community sensitization increased ANC attendance and IPTp-SP uptake. Adolescents were the most difficult to reach, particularly during the high malaria transmission period. The impact of IPTp-SP will be limited unless this high risk group is protected
