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Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infections and their predictors at a hospital-based HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda
No full textSETTING: Mulago Hospital, Uganda. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the burden of TB-HIV (tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus) co-infections and their predictors in an urban hospital-based HIV programme. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: Clinicians screened all patients with HIV/AIDS (acquired immune-deficiency syndrome) for previous and current TB treatment at enrolment and throughout follow-up. RESULTS: Of 10 924 patients enrolled between August 2005 and February 2009, co-prevalent TB was 157/10 924 (1.4%), which included 88/157 (56%) with TB confirmed at enrolment and 65/157 (41%) with TB diagnoses established during follow-up in whom symptoms were present at enrolment. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.3, 95%CI 1.6-3.2) and body mass index (BMI) </=20 kg/m(2) (aOR 3.8, 95%CI 2.5-5.4) were associated with co-prevalent TB. Overall, 749/10 767 (7%) were diagnosed with incident TB at a higher rate among antiretroviral treatment (ART) patients (8/100 patient years of observation [PYO]) than non-ART patients (5/100 PYO, log rank P < 0.001). Female sex (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.4, 95%CI 1.2-1.7) and baseline BMI </= 20 (aHR 1.9, 95%CI 1.6-2.2) predicted incident TB. CONCLUSION: Routine TB screening in the HIV/AIDS care programme identified a significant number of TB-HIV co-infections among patients with and without ART, and is therefore a potential strategy to improve HIV treatment outcomes in resource-limited settings
Prevalence of chronic renal failure stage 3 of more in HIV-infected patients in Antwerp: an observational study
No full textThe role of rodents and insectivores in the epidemiology of mycobacterial infections in Africa
No full textStudie over de prevalentie van en het risico op vrouwelijke genitale verminking in België
No full textObject-based classification of SPOT and ASTER data complemented with data derived from MODIS vegetation indices time series in a Mediterranean test-site
No full textTransmissibility, by Glossina morsitans morsitans, of Trypanosoma congolense strains during the acute and chronic phases of infection
No full textIn order to verify whether chronic trypanosomal infections can affect the transmissibility of Trypanosoma congolense by tsetse flies, batches of Glossina morsitans morsitans were fed on mice infected with the same level of parasitemia (10(8.1)trypanosomes/ml of blood) of two cloned low virulent T. congolense strains during the acute and the chronic phases of infection. Results showed that the proportions of procyclic infections in flies that were fed during the acute phase (32.6% and 45.4% for isolates 1 and 2, respectively) were significantly higher (chi(2)=4.7, P0.05). The results of this study suggest that T. congolense loses part of its transmissiblity by tsetse flies during the chronic phase of infection. Copyright 2009. Published by Elsevier B.V
The prevalence and causes of visual loss among HIV-infected individuals in Uganda
No full textAIM:: To determine the prevalence of loss of visual acuity and to describe the ocular diseases associated with vision loss among HIV-infected individuals in Uganda. METHODS:: One thousand two hundred twelve HIV-positive individuals aged 18 years or older attending an HIV treatment site in Kampala, Uganda, were consecutively screened for loss of visual acuity using a Snellen chart. Those found to have a visual acuity of 6/9 or less in 1 or both eyes had a detailed ocular diagnostic evaluation. RESULTS:: One hundred thirty-six patients [11.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.49-13.13] had a visual acuity of 6/9 or less in at least 1 eye, with 74 (6.1%; 95% CI: 8.54-12.21) having bilaterally reduced presenting visual acuity. Eighty-eight (7.3%; 95% CI: 8.57-12.28) had a visual acuity of 6/18 or worse in at least 1 eye. Ocular diseases associated with reduced vision included cataract 16 (11.8%), optic nerve disease 20 (14.7%), refractive errors 35 (24.3%), and uveitis 44 (32.3%). Other diagnoses observed included diabetic retinopathy, maculopathies, corneal scars, glaucoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS:: Visual impairment and ocular disease affect a large proportion of HIV-infected individuals presenting for HIV care in Uganda. Most causes of vision loss were treatable or could have been prevented with appropriate ophthalmic and medical care