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"Spanish 'Colonies': A Term Forged in the Hispanic-Anglosphere"
No full textThe legal codes of the Spanish Monarchy never employed the term ‘colonias’ (colonies) to refer to its overseas dominions. This absence from the Spanish juridical lexicon had political implications highlighted by the decree of 22 January 1809 which famously stated that the American dominions were neither ‘colonies nor feitorias, but an essential and integral part of the Spanish Monarchy’. The aim of this chapter is not to revive the controversy sparked in the 1940s by Ricardo Levene’s campaign to remove the term ‘colonial’ from Hispanic historiography, but rather to trace the way and establish the extent to which the word ‘colonies’ came to be applied to the Hispanic context through increased entanglement with the British and Irish world. The chapter concentrates on the particular case of Ireland, where the American Revolution had revived protracted disputes about its own ‘colonial’ status and designation, and explores some of the formulations of the Hispanic world produced by Irish commentators between the end of the eighteenth century and the first two decades of the nineteenth. It also offers a glimpse into a one-size-fits-all understanding of how global polities operated that was prevalent at the time in Britain and Ireland
Sophistic Views of the Epic Past from the Classical to the Imperial Age
No full textThis collection of essays sheds new light on the relationship between two of the main drivers of intellectual discourse in ancient Greece: the epic tradition and the Sophists. The contributors show how throughout antiquity the epic tradition proved a flexible instrument to navigate new political, cultural, and philosophical contexts. The Sophists, both in the Classical and the Imperial age, continuously reconfigured the value of epic poetry according to the circumstances: using epic myths allowed the Sophists to present themselves as the heirs of traditional education, but at the same time this tradition was reshaped to encapsulate new questions that were central to the Sophists' intellectual agenda.This volume is structured chronologically, encompassing the ancient world from the Classical Age through the first two centuries AD. The first chapters, on the First Sophistic, discuss pivotal works such as Gorgias' Encomium of Helen and Apology of Palamedes, Alcidamas' Odysseus or Against the Treachery of Palamedes, and Antisthenes' pair of speeches Ajax and Odysseus, as well as a range of passages from Plato and other authors. The volume then moves on to discuss some of the major works of literature from the Second Sophistic dealing with the epic tradition. These include Lucian's Judgement of the Goddesses and Dio Chrysostom's orations 11 and 20, as well as Philostratus' Heroicus and Imagines
The Pencil is Mightier Than the Kalashnikov: What Cartoons Can Tell Us About Our (Mis)understanding of Terrorist Acts in the Wake of the Charlie Hebdo Massacre
No full textThe web of influencers. A marketing-audience classification of (potential) social media influencers
No full textThis study aims to integrate the literature on social media influencers into a framework that classifies (potential) social media influencers and highlights their features. Previous classifications mainly focused on the measurable characteristics of social media influencers as determined either by scholars or consumers. In reality, though, the social impact of an influencer evolves as an interaction between his/her own goals and motivations and audience's perceptions and attributions. This study proposes a conceptual classification that combines the characteristics of social media influencers with audience’s perceptions of the social media influencer. The proposed classification consists of three types of top social media influencers–Passionate Business Influencers, Passionate Influencers and Celebrity Influencers and two types of potential social media influencers - Dreaming Business Dormants and Passionate Topic Enthusiasts. The differences between them are explained by celebrity status, authenticity and received revenues. The implications of our framework for marketers and research directions are discussed
Adaptations to the Teaching and Learning of Animal Behaviour:Teaching Behaviour and Welfare Virtually
No full textCross-sectional associations between 24-hour activity behaviours and mental health indicators in children and adolescents: A compositional data analysis.
No full textWe examined associations between youth 24-hour activity behaviour compositions and mental health. Data were collected from 359 participants (aged 9–13 years). Activity behaviours (sleep, sedentary time (ST), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)) were assessed using wrist-worn accelerometers. Questionnaires and a computerized cognitive test battery assessed mental health outcomes. Linear mixed models examined associations between activity behaviour compositions and mental health. Post-hoc analyses modelled the influence of reallocating fixed durations of time between activity behaviours on mental health. ST was associated with worse internalizing problems (all participants; p< 0.05) and poorer prosocial behaviour (primary school participants only; p< 0.05), relative to the other activity behaviours. LPA was associated with worse cognitive test scores among primary school participants; p< 0.05). For all participants, reallocating time to ST from sleep and MVPA was associated with higher internalizing problems. Among primary school participants, reallocating time to ST from any other behaviour was associated with poorer prosocial behaviour, and reallocating time to LPA from any other behaviour was associated with lower executive function. Children’s mental health may be promoted by schools integrating opportunities for MVPA throughout the day. Our results provide further evidence for the influence of daily activity behaviours on youth mental health.</p
Understanding the perceived benefits of nature for creativity
Get PDFExperience of nature is widely linked to well-being, including psychological restoration. Benefits to creativity have been explored in a limited number of studies which refer to theories of restorative environments as frameworks, but it is unclear which aspects of the environment and person–nature transactions are implicated in these processes. In this study, N = 20 members of the British public were interviewed regarding the relevance of natural environments for their personal and professional creative activities. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed that cognitive, affective, and aesthetic appraisals were reported as directly relevant to creativity in nature, while environmental properties, sensory experiences, and the self were reported as informing these appraisals. Similarities to theories of restorative environments were observed in terms of the relevance of affect, cognition, and aesthetics. However, divergences also occurred, especially with regard to perceptions of arousal as beneficial for creativity, the importance of change in the environment, and the relevance of the self. Studies and theoretical modeling of relationships between nature and creativity should include these concepts, as well as those from theories of restorative environments.</p