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A Click of Faith: How Perceived Trustworthiness Affects Online Risk-taking in Unfamiliar Dyads
Full text linkPerceptions of trustworthiness foster feelings of swift trust and, in turn, yield positive outcomes in virtual teams. However, limited research has investigated the effects of trustworthiness on trust formation and online risk-taking in unfamiliar dyads. We manipulated the trustworthiness of a pseudo-player (untrustworthy vs trustworthy) in the first of two interactive online games and recorded the participant’s risk-taking behaviour (number of high-risk decisions and investment size) in the second game. We expected a direct and a trust-mediated effect of untrustworthiness on risk-taking. Although our preregistered hypotheses were not supported, exploratory analyses revealed that participants playing with the untrustworthy player were less willing to trust them and, in turn, took significantly fewer high-risk decisions during the first phase of the second game than participants playing with the trustworthy player. No effect was found for investment size. Our results suggest that perceptions of trustworthiness indirectly influence online risk-taking behaviour by informing trust
Reflections on special educational needs support for Armed Forces children: learning from the Garrison ASSIST Project
No full textChildren of armed forces personnel (“Service children”) can experience a range of factors as a result of their parents’ service. When factors such as geographic mobility and family separation intersect with the experiences of special educational needs and disability, this can result in a range of unique and pressing challenges for children, their families, and the schools that support them. This is a conceptual paper drawing on the evaluation of the Garrison ASSIST Project (GAP), a collaborative project devised by schools serving a British Army garrison town in the north of England. GAP aimed to promote the sharing of resources and best practice in supporting Service children. Schools undoubtedly face a range of systemic challenges and pressures in supporting children with SEND, and factors arising from Service life (including family separation and frequent family relocation) can exacerbate such challenges. This paper focuses on data from a series of interviews and focus groups with parents, children and school staff (n=46). From this, three key themes were identified that can underpin successful practice: the importance of building strong relationships with families that are underpinned by trust, strong and open communication (with parents, other schools, the Armed Forces and the wider professional community), and high-quality teaching. By conceiving of such initiatives as a community of practice, schools can seek to ameliorate some of the environmental and systemic challenges they experience in order to offer more consistent, inclusive and responsive support for children from armed forces families with SEND. Such efforts can also promote a greater sense of professional agency among school staff and facilitate more holistic support for families within the school community
Authentic and meaningful participation in heritage or related activities (AMPHORA) guidelines
No full textFrom Ecopedagogy to Eco-Leninist Education
Full text linkTaking as its point of departure, Ford’s major recent interventions in pedagogical theory, this paper seeks to (1) critique ecopedagogy as a degenerated offshoot of critical pedagogy, prone to its parent’s fundamental deviation from its revolutionary, Freirean origins; (2) move beyond the moment of critique to that of theoretical reconstruction, in the form of Eco-Leninist educational theory as class struggle in the realm of education in/for the Capitalocene. Recent scholarship has co-opted Lenin to the project of urgent, rapid, green transition, sometimes drawing on the model of war communism: drastic measures for environmentally catastrophic times. At same time, new adaptations and applications of Lenin have lent the Marxist canon a revived urgency in the period of ‘anthropogenic omnicide’. I turn these interventions to the cause of Eco-Leninist educational theory in pursuit of an organizational form that escapes ecopedagogy’s accommodation to capital
Jury Certainty about Firearms Evidence: Examination Effects
No full textFirearms examiners routinely compare tool-marks on suspect ammunition with those on ammunition test-fired by a suspect weapon to evaluate if they can be associated. The discipline has been subject to criticism, including by the National Academy for Sciences, but the testimony of firearms examiners is routinely admitted as expert evidence in the United States (US). Jurors must determine the weight of expert evidence, which opposing and proffering lawyers can, respectively, discredit on cross-examination and rehabilitate on redirect-examination. The authors investigated the effect of both cross and redirect-examination on potential US jurors’ certainty about expert firearms evidence using a series of online vignettes. Participants (n=114) were asked to rate their certainty (on a scale of 0-100) about three expert statements – Very Certain (an exact match), Certain (a match to a reasonable degree of certainty), and Uncertain (evidence is unsuitable for comparison) – when assigned to one of three conditions. These conditions were a judicial instruction about weighing the evidence (control condition); a cross-examination referencing criticism of firearms evidence; and a redirect-examination referencing the routine admission of firearms evidence. Analysis was undertaken both between groups and between the statements given to each group. Results suggest that experts conveying high certainty create higher certainty in jurors, cross-examination has a detrimental effect on this certainty, but redirect-examination does not reduce this detrimental effect
Does concern about falling predict future falls in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkBACKGROUND: The 2022 World Falls Guidelines recommend assessing concerns (or 'fears') about falling in multifactorial fall risk assessments. However, the evidence base for this recommendation is limited. This review evaluated the evidence for concerns about falling as an independent predictor of future falls, applying the Bradford Hill criteria for causality. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42023387212). MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science and PsycINFO were searched for studies examining associations between baseline concerns about falling and future falls in older adults (minimum 6-month follow-up). Meta-analyses examined associations between concerns about falling and future falls. Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cohort studies, and evidence certainty was rated with GRADE. RESULTS: About 53 studies, comprising 75,076 participants, were included. Meta-analysis showed significant independent association between baseline concerns and future falls when using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International to assess concerns (full scale version, pooled OR = 1.03 [95% CI = 1.02-1.05] per 1-point increase; short scale version, pooled OR = 1.08 [95% CI = 1.05-1.11]). Significant associations were also observed when using single-item measures of concerns (pooled OR = 1.60 [95% CI = 1.36-1.89] for high vs. low concerns). In contrast, balance confidence (Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale) did not predict future falls (pooled OR = 0.97 [95% CI = 0.93-1.01]). Despite 26 studies rated as poor quality, associations were consistent across studies of different quality. The overall certainty of the evidence was rated as moderate. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline concern about falling is a clear predictor of future falls in older adults, supporting its inclusion in fall risk assessments. Regular assessment of concerns about falling, along with targeted interventions, could help reduce the risk of falls in older adults
Vegan veterinary professionals’ experiences of commensality in small animal veterinary practice in England
No full textThis paper explores commensality in small animal veterinary practice from the perspective of vegans who engage in political consumerism. Commensality–meaning eating together–is neither good nor bad and can have positive or negative outcomes. Research suggests that eating with others can help to develop and sustain social bonds and offers benefits for individual wellbeing and interpersonal (including colleague) relationships; however, negative outcomes of commensality can arise if tension or conflict are involved with shared eating. Using semi-structured interviews with vegan veterinarians and vegan veterinary nurses in England, this paper explores the intersection of veganism and omnivorousness in the veterinary practice staff lunchroom, at catered staff meetings, and work-related social events involving commensality. It is found that while vegan veterinary professionals’ experiences of commensality do vary, if and how vegans are catered for, and whether they feel included and supported in the workplace can improve opportunities for beneficial commensality, which has implications on an individual and organizational level. This research contributes to food studies, studies about commensality, vegan studies, animal studies, sociology of professions, sociology of consumption and has implications for individuals including veterinary professionals (employees and employers, vegan and non-vegan), the veterinary profession, and professions more broadly
Evaluating a behaviour change intervention to enhance athlete monitoring system engagement: Insights from elite sport
No full textAthlete engagement with monitoring remains challenging, despite athlete monitoring systems (AMS) having the potential to enhance performance. Behaviour change frameworks may offer strategies to improve AMS engagement, but are underutilised in elite sport. This study assessed the practicality and utility of a behaviour change intervention (BCI) to improve AMS engagement. Three national team coaches (43.6 ± 10.0 years) and eight athletes (20.1 ± 2.0 years) participated in a six-month BCI to promote AMS adherence to daily monitoring using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). All participants completed pre and post intervention semi-structured interviews, which were thematically analysed. Adherence to monitoring declined during the intervention, but the coaches reported improved athlete awareness of monitoring. Reduced adherence could be attributed to the partial implementation of the intervention caused by coaching personnel changes. In the post intervention interviews athletes indicated there was considerable intercoach variability in AMS use and feedback to athletes, frustrating both athletes and coaches. The coaches noted athletes lacked motivation and understanding of the AMS and its purpose, further hindering engagement. Overall, the use of the BCW enabled a feasible intervention to be devised, but the BCW proved cumbersome to adapt to the swift organisational changes often experienced in elite sport. Future interventions should consider ensuring a consistent and shared framework for AMS use between staff. Behaviour change targets should have contingencies for organisational changes, and focus on key interactions such as the coach/athlete relationship, its inter-relation with AMS data, and the feedback of data between the coach, athlete and practitioner
