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Self-Protection Predicts Lower Willingness to Apologize
Get PDFAlthough apologies are effective at promoting reconciliation, perpetrators often choose not to apologize because doing so can be threatening to the self. We hypothesized that dispositional self-protection would be negatively associated with willingness to apologize, but only when the transgression pertained to the self rather than another person. Only in that case would self-positivity be threatened, thereby activating the self-protection motive. In addition, we hypothesized that the negative association between self-protection and willingness to apologize for self-referent offenses would be serially mediated by responsibility-taking and guilt. This would be so because perpetrators can self-protect by lowering their felt responsibility and, in turn, reduce guilt for the transgression. The results were consistent with the hypotheses. We discuss implications of this motivational account for unwillingness to apologize
“Love, Prejudice, Pandemics and Global Entrepreneurship: William 'Guillermo' Gibbs's Long Route to Tyntesfield"
No full textBold and high up in the rafters of the library of Tyntesfield, the country residency near Bristol, UK, reads the personal motto of William Gibbs (1790-1875): ‘En Dios mi amparo y esperanza’ [(In God [I find] my shelter and hope]. The phrase and the neo-gothic style of architectural decoration – repeated throughout the house – constitute an excellent example of a product of the Hispanic-Anglosphere during the nineteenth century. This chapter traces the route towards its development and a number of wider implications through an exploration of the private and public life of William Gibbs based mainly on neglected archival material. Particularly highlighted are the roles played by women, emotional attachments, prejudices and epidemics in shaping the destiny of the man, his country retreat and the company that he directed. The study looks particularly into his formative years in Spain, the roots of his religious and aesthetic philanthropy in Britain and the measures he undertook hand-in-hand with his brother George Henry Gibbs (1785–1842) to transform the family company Antony Gibbs & Sons into a global commercial powerhouse with permanent agents in Europe and the Americas – all long before acquiring Tyntesfield in 1843 and the signing with the government of Peru of the series of contracts that granted to the family firm exclusive rights to import guano to the UK and that famously, although not fully accurately, was said to have made him ‘the richest commoner in England.
The impact of national lockdown on nutritional status of children with inflammatory bowel disease
Get PDFBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has had wide-reaching primary and secondary health implications. The UK government implemented a national lockdown to slow the rate of infection at the end of March 2020, lasting until early summer 2020. The results from a UK nationwide survey suggest the majority of inflammatory bowel disease patients were followed up using technology-enabled care services (TECS) during this time. We therefore aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on nutritional status of children with inflammatory bowel disease, focusing on the effect of national lockdown from March to early summer 2020. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. All patients with a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, aged <18 years, and under the care of Southampton Children's Hospital were eligible for inclusion. Those patients who attended an outpatient appointment during time period 1 (November 2019 to February 2020), and following the period of national lockdown, time period 2 (July to November 2020), were included in the analysis. Results: In total, 116 patients had paired measures. Using the World Health Organization criteria of nutritional status, 19% (n = 22/116) were mildly malnourished with a body mass index Z score (BMIZ) < -1. In this group, the mean BMIZ was -1.3 ± 0.9 at time point 1 versus -1.9 ± 0.9 at time point 2 (p = 0.03). The mean BMIZ score of those children who were overweight at time point 1 was 1.2 ± 1.2 versus 1.6 ± 1.4 at time point 2 (p = 0.2) During the period of lockdown, 27% of malnourished children (n = 6/22), 2% of normally nourished children (BMIZ > -1 to < 1) (n = 1/51) (p ≤ 0.0001) and none of the overweight children (BMIZ > 1) (n = 0/43) children (p ≤ 0.0001) had a TECS nutrition review. Conclusions: Dietetic reviews were severely restricted during the first national lockdown. Patients with low BMIZ prior to lockdown became more malnourished. During the ongoing pandemic, it is important to identify those children with nutrition risk, focusing support on this group of children
Oesophageal cancer: The effect of early nutrition support on clinical outcomes
No full textBackground and aims: Malnutrition is prevalent in oesophageal cancer. Evidence for the use of nutrition support and prehabilitation in this cohort is variable. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of early nutrition support and functional measures of nutritional status on post-operative outcomes in adult patients with oesophageal cancer. Methods: Retrospective review of adults with oesophageal cancer undergoing oesophagectomy (n = 151). Early nutrition support was defined as: oral or enteral nutrition supplementation during neoadjuvant treatment. Late nutrition support defined as: oral or enteral nutrition supplementation prescribed post-operatively. Nutrition outcome measures were; percentage weight loss from 3 to 6 months prior to diagnosis, peri- and post-operatively, and pre-operative assessment of handgrip-strength (HGS). Results: Pre-operative weight loss ≥10% was a significant predictor of mortality at 1 year (OR 2.84, 95%CI 1.03-7.83, p = 0.04) independent of tumour stage, adjuvant treatment, age and gender. Adults prescribed early nutrition support during neoadjuvant treatment experienced less weight loss at 12-months post-oesophagectomy compared to adults prescribed late oral nutrition support (p=<0.05). Pre-operative HGS measurements were not a useful predictor of postoperative complications (p = 0.2), length of stay (p = 0.9) or 90-day mortality (p = 0.6). Conclusions: Pre-operative weight loss ≥10% was associated with mortality. Early nutrition support was associated with less weight loss at 12-months post-operatively. Pre-operative HGS measures did not have prognostic value as a stand-alone measure. Future work should investigate the efficacy of early nutrition support in reducing both pre- and post-operative weight loss to improve nutritional status and surgical outcomes as part of a multimodal prehabilitation programme in adults with oesophageal cancer
Overweight patients are common and high impedance ratio is associated with low body-mass index in a paediatric inflammatory bowel disease cohort.
No full textA critical dialogue reflecting on the potentials of black, Asian and minority ethnic student-staff partnerships
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