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The Principles for Responsible Management Education and Responsible Tourism Strategies: Success, Failure or Trauma for Generation Z?
No full textThe purpose of this chapter is to present secondary data around how the Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) are adopted in a global context whilst making comparisons with the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index from the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019. The discussion is centred around young adults (Generation Z) and their potential role and importance. In essence, we are trying to examine if tourism sustainability educational practice adopted within countries appears to transition into industry practice. For this, we consider success both from the perspective of tourism sustainability and general economic competitiveness. The findings suggest significant gaps (or current failure) between PRME delivery and achieving tourism sustainability globally, but generally highlight economic success where PRME uptake is strong. Thus, it would appear that PRME is not yet transitioning into industry practice; therefore, more needs to be done or adapted to achieve greater tourism sustainability, and we emphasise the role of Generation Z within this
A strategic approach to detecting hidden knowledge in a mock photo line-up activity.
No full textWe explored whether, in a mock suspect line-up activity, it was possible to discriminate accurately between n = 28 mock-witnesses who were informed, but were asked to deny knowing, who the suspect was, compared to n = 25 mock-witnesses who genuinely did not know the suspect. We analysed the positional strategies participants used to rank suspect photos according to 6 subjective criteria, finding it was possible to categorise who knew, or did not know, the suspect with 88.8% accuracy
Mental Wellbeing in Schools: What Teachers Need to Know to Support Pupils from Diverse Backgrounds
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Design and validation of a double-burden mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) tape for South African children aged six to 24 months
No full textThe nutritional double burden refers to a concurrent high prevalence of under- and overnutrition(1).Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) (measured using a tape) and weight-for-height (WHZ) are used to identify malnourished children(2). However, current WHO MUAC and WHZ cut-offs show limited levels of agreement among different childhood populations(Reference Grellety and Golden3), including South African children(Reference McLaren4).Therefore, alternative MUAC cut-offs have been proposed, achieving improved agreement(Reference Tessema5). Additionally, there is current interest in MUAC as a screening tool for overweight and obesity(Reference Talma6). Equipment and personnel in resource-poor environments are shared between situations of under- and over-nutrition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate alternative MUAC cut-offs for South African children aged between six and 24 months, with a view to producing a single MUAC tape capable of identifying both under- and overnutrition.Data from 348 young children were collected from community clinics and creches. Ethics approval (ref. no H15-HEA-DIET-003) and gatekeepers’ permission was obtained. Using WHZ categories defined by WHO(2) as the reference, MUAC cut-offs were proposed to define categories of nutritional status. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. The association between MUAC category and WHZ category allocation defined by the proposed MUAC cut-off values was assessed using a chi-square test, with Cramer's V to determine the strength of the association and a Kappa test to determine the level of agreement between the two indicators. Analyses were conducted using SPSS v25.Mean age was 13.57 months (SD, 5.34) and 49.8% of the sample was male. Mean MUAC = 15.32 cm (SD, 1.04) and mean WHZ = 0.50 (SD, 0.99). WHZ ranged from −3.2 to 4.57.MUAC < 13.0 cm had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.1% (PPV = 0.25, NPV = 1.0) for WHZ<-3. MUAC between 13.1 and 13.8 cm had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95.6% (PPV = 0.117, NVP = 1.0) for WHZ<-2. MUAC between 16.5 and 16.9 cm had a sensitivity of 11.1% and specificity of 86.8% (PPV = 0.111, NPV = 0.868) for WHZ>+2. MUAC > 17.0 cm had sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 80.1% (PPV = 0.235, NPV = 0.992) for WHZ>+3. There was a significant agreement between MUAC and WHZ (Kappa = 0.255; p < 0.001). There was a significant association between the proposed MUAC cut-offs and WHZ categories (Pearson Chi square = 233.52; df = 16; n = 348; p < 0.001). This association is strong (Cramer's V = 0.410; p < 0.001).The double-burden MUAC tape proposed has potential for reducing resource requirements for screening for both under- and overnutrition in a South African context. Despite the poor performance of the tool for identifying overweight, it has a high sensitivity and specificity for acute malnutrition and obesity. Further research is warranted using a larger independent sample with a range of states of nutrition as well as measures of clinical outcomes to substantiate these preliminary results
A Media Pharmacology of Face Masks: Between Asbestos and Plastic
No full textDuring WWII a particular type of face mask was designed for and distributed to children, referred to as ‘Mickey Mouse’ respirators due to their distinctive form and colour. Some of these masks contained asbestos in their filters. Asbestos is a toxic substance that is now banned in over 50 countries. Here we have a case in which a material used for protection from toxicity proves itself to be toxic. In other words, asbestos-filter gas masks function as both remedy and poison – a pharmakon. As such, these masks embody the double logic of the materiality of the media condition, which is advanced in this article through a discussion of the materiality of masks from what I call a media-pharmacological perspective. The article takes asbestos and plastic as key substances that mediate the relationship between the body and its environment in the form of masks. This translates into a discussion of harm and protection within this material register. The substances here provide a link between the material use and politics of masking with its aesthetics
Diamonds and Rust: The Affective Ambivalence of Nostalgia
Get PDFAffective ambivalence is the simultaneous experience of oppositely valenced emotions, such as happiness and sadness. Historic writings on the valence of nostalgia have proposed that nostalgia can best be conceptualized as an ambivalent emotion. A growing body of research provides empirical evidence for this proposal. Here, I review and summarize this evidence that nostalgia is an ambivalent emotion, albeit more positive than negative. I end by discussing implications and future research directions
Expanding the role of the future zoo: Wellbeing should become the fifth aim for modern zoos
No full textZoos and aquariums have an enormous global reach and hence an ability to craft meaningful conservation action for threatened species, implement educational strategies to encourage human engagement, development and behavior change, and conduct scientific research to enhance the husbandry, roles and impacts of the living collection. The recreational role of the zoo is also vast- people enjoy visiting the zoo and this is often a shared experience amongst family and friends. Evaluating how the zoo influences this “captive audience” and extending its reach to include a compassionate approach to animals and people can further enhance the mission, value, and relevance of their work. The modern zoo’s current aims—Conservation, Education, Research and Recreation—provide useful foundations for the activities that zoos conduct at a local and national level. However, to improve sustainability of their actions and outcomes, we feel that Wellbeing should become the fifth aim of the modern zoo for the future- both from an animal perspective (ensuring that populations are managed according to prevailing behavioral needs) and from a human perspective (enhancing access to nature, promoting planetary friendly behavior changes and ways of living, and advancing the wellbeing of the zoo’s workforce). This paper provides discussion and review of how Wellbeing is already a substantial part of what zoos work on as well as posing the idea of altering the Recreation aim of the zoo to one of Engagement, which potentially is more measurable and therefore can allow zoo researchers and managers further options for the collection of evidence on the local and global reach of their zoo’s aims. Education, Engagement, Conservation, Research and Wellbeing provide a more complete picture of the roles of the modern zoo for the animals (both in situ and ex situ), human visitors and workforce, and to society more widely.</p
