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The Tree Alternative Conjecture Under the Topological Minor Relation
No full textThe Tree Alternative Conjecture concerns the sizes of equivalence classes of trees with respect to mutual embeddable relation. Indeed, it conjectures that the number of isomorphism classes of trees mutually embeddable with a given tree T is either 1 or infinite-with instances of size ℵ 0 and 2 ℵ 0 . We prove its analogue within the family of locally finite trees with respect to the topological minor relation. More precisely, we prove that for any locally finite tree T the size of its equivalence class with respect to the topological minor relation can only be either 1 or 2 ℵ 0 . </p
Climate Change Impacts and Evidence of Migration in Colombia
No full textThe international literature shows a polarised debate on the impacts of climate change on migration. Some studies find a positive linkage, whereas others find a negative one. It is, without a doubt, a complex process better considered case-specific. There is no available information on the relationship between climate change and migration in Colombia, despite past research exploring each of these subjects independently. This study intends explicitly to investigate this linkage gap. Consequently, this paper's essential contribution is that it builds a bridge between climate change scenarios and migratory science for the first time in Colombia. Despite their limitations, the theoretical and methodological framework suggested by IOM (2009b pp. 86, Section B, Chapter II) is demonstrated in this study to be very valid since it provides a methodology to predict where future flows will occur (based on past evidence). The methodological approaches of SLA and NELM explained in section A in the IV Chapter are also valuable for analysing and approaching this study's conclusions. The primary conclusions of this study indicate that the "Coffee Region," Valle, and Atlantic (or Caribbean Coast) provinces that mainly send emigrants to Spain and the US are the key internal regions responsible for most of the international migration from Colombians. The same areas are especially vulnerable to the impacts of upcoming climate change in the A1B scenario produced by the IDEAM (2010) for 2040 and 2100. Thus, future flows of migrants are expected from these regions (2040-2100). However, issues such as visa requirements or the costs associated with migration constitute international barriers to this flow. The sensitivity of these regions can also be associated with internal migration flows, more armed conflict, and forced displacement in a cyclical process. Theoretically, a resurgence of Colombia's armed conflict and displacement due to climate change can be expected. However, the need for empirical studies in Colombia to support this analysis is imperative and is the most crucial recommendation arising from this study
Introduction: Close-to-Practice research in Holocaust Education
No full textThe fields of Holocaust Education and Holocaust Studies almost exclusively foreground the voices of professional academics. Practitioners are often the subjects of research, or the anticipated audience for it. The collection of papers gathered in this Special Edition aims to go some way to address this imbalance through foregrounding the voices of practitioner researchers (specifically teachers of students aged 11–18). The papers present good examples of practice, to offer an important contribution to the conversations that take place (or should take place) between the academy and practice, for their mutual benefit and the benefit of young learners.</p
‘What was required above all else was collaboration’: keeping the momentum for SEND partnership working in the wake of Covid‐19.
Get PDFThis article considers implications for partnership working across the Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) system in England, at a time when a long-overdue SEND Review is imminent and the SEND Code of Practice 2015 is awaiting a significant overhaul. It highlights the role local policy actors occupy within this system, as the progression of the Covid-19 pandemic moves SEND partnerships towards a ‘new normal’ and there is heightened concern about missed opportunities for reform and renewal. Previously published findings from an online questionnaire (n = 100) undertaken by the Special Educational Needs Policy Research Forum provided insight into how school staff had been supported in the teaching of pupils with SEND during periods of school closures and what lessons had been learned. The present article offers a thematic analysis of the narrative responses provided in addition to the closed survey questions. The analysis generated six statements that can be understood as lessons learned from the pandemic for partnership working, drawing on the experiences of parents, school staff, and advising professionals working in local authorities
Chatoyer’s Punch Ladle:A Museum Artifact that Speaks to the Hidden History of the Garifuna, an African-Caribbean People
Get PDFThis paper contextualizes the artifact “Punch Ladle, 1773” on display in the “London, Sugar & Slavery” exhibition at Museum of London Docklands (UK). A placard identifies the ladle as once belonging to “Chatoyer, Chief of the Caribs” and as on loan by the West India Committee. Through this artifact, the largely forgotten story of Chatoyer and the so-called Black Caribs (Garifuna) is highlighted, while complexities of the artifact’s provenance are analyzed through an object biography approach. The paper also considers the ethical and curatorial implications of the current non-repatriation of the artifact and its present location within the “Slave Owner” part of the exhibition. Finally, by arguing for the artifact’s global significance through its association with Chatoyer, a historic African-Caribbean figure of colonial resistance, this article contributes to current museum decolonization debates.</p
Imposing Compulsory Rugby Union on Schoolchildren: An Analysis of English State-Funded Secondary Schools
No full textObjective: To establish the extent to which Rugby Union was a compulsory physical education activity in state-funded secondary schools in England and to understand the views of Subject Leaders for Physical Education with respect to injury risk.Method: A cross-sectional research study using data obtained under the Freedom of Information Act (2000) from 288 state-funded secondary schools.Results: Rugby Union was delivered in 81% (n = 234 of 288) of state-funded secondary school physical education curricula, including 83% (n = 229 of 275) of state-funded secondary school boys' and 54% (n = 151 of 282) of girls' physical education curricular. Rugby Union was compulsory in 91% (n = 208 of 229) of state-funded secondary schools that delivered it as part of the boys' physical education curriculum and 54% (n = 82 of 151) of state-funded secondary schools that delivered contact Rugby Union as part of the girls' physical education curriculum. Subject Leaders for Physical Education also perceived Rugby Union to have the highest risk of harm of the activities they delivered in their school physical education curriculum.Conclusion: Notwithstanding discussions of appropriate measures (i.e., mandatory concussion training, Rugby Union specific qualifications and CPD) to reduce injury risk, it is recommended that Rugby Union should not be a compulsory activity given that it has a perceived high risk of injury and is an unnecessary risk for children in physical education
“Did You Have a Good Trip?” Young People’s Reflections on Visiting the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and the Town of Oświęcim
No full textThis chapter focuses on the recollected experiences of a group of 16–18 year-olds visiting the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and the nearby town of Oświęcim, as part of an organized educational visit. The data represents their overarching impressions of their one-day visit and offers an insight into the complex nature of their interactions with the sites and the students’ developing sense of place within them. The chapter concludes with a number of recommendations for educators and museum professionals in light of the findings presented
Animal use in veterinary education
No full text"While the primary consideration of this book concerns the ethical questions facing the veterinary profession, it is important to be aware of the legal context and constraints on the profession. The world of law and ethics often overlap, but not always. The legal context is actually less intrusive, dealing with fewer issues than the ethical issues that veterinarians face. But when it does speak, it trumps personal or even group ethical policy. Some small points of clarification for the language used in this chapter. "The law" relates to adopted statutes or court decisions that set out rules of conduct and creates legal responsibilities. (For example, a law might require the reporting of suspected animal cruelty). A "regulation" is a rule adopted by an agency under the authority of legislatively adopted law (For example, a regulation adopted by a Board of Veterinary Medicine might require the keeping of specific records for all acts of euthanasia). "A Code" refers to a set of directions and constraints formally adopted by a professional organization. It is not a law, but if referenced in regulations, can be operational in investigations concerning unprofessional conduct. "Professional Ethics" exist when a group of veterinarians agree upon an expectation of conduct by the members of the group. This may be in writing or may not. (For example, it is acceptable to cut off a dog's tail only if there is medical reason for that specific animal). "Personal ethics" is when an individual veterinarian makes an ethical decision out of his or her own beliefs and experience independent of the law or existing codes"-- Section 1 : A fundamental basis for veterinary ethics. Why do animals matter? the moral status of animals / Bernard E. Rollin -- Animal welfare: science, policy, and the role of veterinarians / Joy A. Mench -- Animal ethics and the evolution of the veterinary profession in the united states / Bernard Unti -- Introduction to veterinary ethics / Barry Kipperman and, Bernard E. Rollin -- Veterinary ethics and the law / Carol Gray and, David Favre -- Section 2 : Clinical veterinary ethics. Professionalism / Liz H. Mossop -- Veterinary advocacies and ethical dilemmas / Barry Kipperman -- Economic issues / Barry Kipperman, Gary Block, Brian Forsgren -- Medical errors / Jim Clark and, Barry Kipperman -- Section 3 : Ethical concerns by practice type. Companion animals / Julie D. Dinnage (and ten others) -- Laboratory animals / Larry Carbone -- Food animals / Timothy E. Blackwell,, Shaw Perrin, and, Jennifer Walker -- Equines / David W. Ramey -- Animals in zoos, aquaria, and free-ranging wildlife / Sathya K. Chinnadurai, Barbara de Mori, Jackie Gai -- Exotic pets / Michael Dutton -- Integrative medicine / Narda G. Robinson -- Corporate veterinary medicine / Thomas Edling -- Section 4 : Emerging ethical concerns. Animal use in veterinary education / Andrew Knight and, Miriam A. Zemanova -- Animal pain / Bea Monteiro and, Sheilah Robertson -- Animal maltreatment / Martha Smith-Blackmore -- Death / James W. Yeates -- Moral stress / Carrie Jurney and, Barry Kipperman -- The future of veterinary ethics: history, diagnosis, and prognosis of an evolving research field / Svenja Springer and, Herwig Grimm