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The effect of robot-assisted gait training on physical activity outcomes in people with spinal cord injury: A systematic review
No full textObjectiveTo summarise the evidence for changes in physical activity outcomes during robot-assisted gait training in patients with spinal cord injury.Data sourcesThe Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Central, Medline, Scopus and SportDiscus databases were searched in August 2025 for studies that recorded ≥1 physical activity outcome during robot-assisted gait training.Review methodsData were synthesised according to the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale or the Revised Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-Randomised Studies. Certainty of evidence was established following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework. The report followed the Preferring Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.ResultsThirty studies (638 participants) were eligible for inclusion. Quality of the randomised studies ranged from ‘Fair’ to ‘Good’, while there was high risk of bias for all non-randomised studies in ≥1 domain. Robot-assisted gait training significantly improved physical activity outcomes (up time, walk time, walk distance, walk speed and number of steps) over time, though these findings were constrained by very low certainty of evidence.ConclusionUp time, walk time, walk distance, walk speed, and number of steps were significantly improved across the robot-assisted gait training period for patients with spinal cord injury. Robot-assisted gait training during rehabilitation for people following spinal cord injury is a useful adjunct to support independence and improved walking ability
Content-based learning biases
No full textCognitive mechanisms which increase the likelihood that individuals will copy or adopt certain behaviours or mental representations based on the inherent characteristics (content) of those behaviours/representations, operating through processes of attention, memory, and/or transmissibility
State of the Field: Royal and Court Studies
No full textMonarchy is often viewed today as a relic of the past and an institution that has little relevance to modern society–and by extension perhaps, modern historical studies. Yet many individuals, in Europe and Asia particularly, still live in states that have a monarchy today, and being the world’s oldest and most enduring form of political organization makes its evolution, and the institution itself, worthy of study. This piece charts the development, and developing trajectories, of two connected and complementary fields of study: royal studies, which takes an all-encompassing approach to monarchy, and court studies, which focuses on the mechanisms of courts and the courtiers who inhabited them
Adaptation in Musical Theatre
No full textAdaptation in Musical Theatre positions musical theatre as part of a broader cultural trend of recycling, referencing, remixing and alluding to existing creative works and texts. Despite critics often dismissing stage adaptations as lazy and safe bet options for producers, this book argues that crafting an adaptation enables creative teams to take fresh and imaginative approaches to a source text, given the multitude of ways in which the structures and styles of two (or more) different media can be combined.From Les Misérables to Wicked, by way of Legally Blonde and Fun Home, this lively book addresses several modern musicals, each adapted from a different type of source – including fiction, film and graphic novels – and each offering a different approach to adapting existing work.Published in Methuen Drama's Topics in Musical Theatre series, this book offers students a concise and readable study of a key and ever-evolving forms within musical theatre studies using relevant and contemporary case studies
Intrinsic dignity, relationships, and promise in communities of people with Down syndrome and learning disabilities : Lessons for social work
No full textContextualizing the Upper Paleolithic of the Armenian Highlands: New data from Solak-1, central Armenia
No full textAs a potential corridor connecting Southwest Asia with western and northern Europe, the Armenian Highlands and southern Caucasus hold great potential for increasing our understanding of Upper Paleolithic behavioral and cultural variability. However, given the dearth of Upper Paleolithic sites, we lack the data necessary to answer basic questions regarding the timing and nature of the Upper Paleolithic in this region. Solak-1 is an open-air site located along the upper Hrazdan Valley (1635 m above sea level) in central Armenia. The site preserves a rich Upper Paleolithic lithic assemblage produced almost exclusively on obsidian and is just the fourth Upper Paleolithic sequence in Armenia. The goal of this study is to present geoarchaeological, chronometric, and technological analyses of the Solak-1 site to integrate the site into the regional Upper Paleolithic sequence. Solak-1 is composed of six lithostratigraphic units (LUs 1-6) comprising recently reworked (LUs 1-2), pedogenically modified (LUs 3-5), and primary (LU 6) loess. A single-grain postinfrared infrared stimulated luminescence date of 27.73 ± 3.63 ka was obtained from LU 4. This age is comparable to regional Middle Upper Paleolithic sites in Armenia and Georgia. Technotypological analyses indicate a lithic assemblage dominated by the production of bladelets and bladelet tools from formal and informal cores. Geochemical sourcing of the obsidian highlights a predominance of local raw material use, with rare transport of artifacts over 185 linear km. These results add an important new datapoint to the Upper Paleolithic record of the Armenian Highlands, offering additional insights into technotypological patterning within this period. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Where Care Converges: Uncovering Shared Experiences of Parents and Service Providers for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in Times of Austerity
No full textBackground: Since the introduction of austerity measures in 2008, funding for care, welfare, services and support systems in the United Kingdom has been reduced. There is little research that explores the experiences of parents of adults with intellectual disabilities and service providers regarding care, relationships and social networks in times of austerity. Method: Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 10 parents of adults with intellectual disabilities and nine managers and leaders of relevant services. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify key themes across their experiences. Results: Experiences suggested four shared key themes in relation to the effects of austerity: distanced relationships; Care Act assessments being used to make cuts; deteriorating health and wellbeing; and participants feeling forced to become fighters. Conclusions: Whilst previous research has considered the adversarial nature of relationships between parents and service providers, this study suggests they can experience shared difficulties under austerity
