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Data trusts: more data than trust? The perspective of the data subject in the face of a growing problem
No full textThe recent report, Growing the Artificial Intelligence Industry in the UK (Hall, Wendy, and Jerome Pesenti. 2017, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/growing-the-artificial-intelligence-industry-in-the-uk) suggests the use of a 'data trust' to facilitate data sharing. Whilst government and corporations are focusing on their need to facilitate data sharing, the perspective of many individuals is that too much data is being shared. The issue is not only about data, but about power. The individual does not often have a voice when issues relating to data sharing are tackled. Regulators can cite the ‘public interest’ when data governance is discussed, but the individual’s interests may diverge from that of the public. This paper considers the data subject's position with respect to data collection leading to considerations about surveillance and datafication. Proposals for data trusts will be considered applying principles of English trust law to possibly mitigate the imbalance of power between large data users and individual data subjects. Finally, the possibility of a workable remedy in the form of a class action lawsuit which could give the data subjects some collective power in the event of a data breach will be explored. Despite regulatory efforts to protect personal data, there is a lack of public trust in the current data sharing system
Review, Marguerite Keane "Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331-1398)"
No full textNostalgia Proneness and Empathy: Generality, Underlying Mechanism, and Implications for Prosocial Behavior
Get PDFObjectiveNostalgia is a sentimental longing for one's past. We examined the hypotheses (rooted in attachment theory and research) that nostalgia prone individuals, by virtue of their greater attachment security, are more empathic and enact more prosocial behavior.MethodIn five studies, testing 1923 participants (Nrange = 132‐823, 52.42% women, Agerange = 8‐90 years), we measured nostalgia proneness and affective empathy. Additionally, we measured cognitive empathy in Study 3, attachment security in Studies 4‐5, and prosocial behavior in Study 5.ResultsNostalgia proneness was positively related to affective empathy among younger and older adults (Studies 1, 3‐5) and among children (Study 2). This association was stronger for affective empathy than cognitive empathy (Study 3). Also, attachment security mediated the relation between nostalgia proneness and affective empathy (Studies 4‐5). Finally, nostalgia prone individuals were more likely to engage in prosocial behavior, and this relation was serially mediated by attachment security and affective empathy (Study 5).ConclusionThe findings establish the empathic and prosocial character of nostalgia prone individuals, and clarify their personality profile
British and American School Stories, 1910–1960 Fiction, Femininity, and Friendship
No full textThis book examines school and college fiction for girls in Britain and the United States, written in the first half of the twentieth century, to explore the formation and ideologies of feminine identity. Nancy G. Rosoff and Stephanie Spencer develop a transnational framework that recognises how both constructed and essential femininities transcend national boundaries. The book discusses the significance and performance of female friendship across time and place, which is central to the development of the genre, and how it functioned as an important means of informal education. Stories by Jessie Graham Flower, Pauline Lester, Alice Ross Colver, Elinor Brent-Dyer, and Dorita Fairlie Bruce are set within their historical context and then used to explore aspects of sociability, authority, responsibility, domesticity, and possibility. The distinctiveness of this book stems from the historical analysis of these sources, which have so far primarily been treated by literary scholars within their national context
Digital vs. Hard Copy? A Preliminary Study of Reading Style in Children Using Touch Screen and Paper Books
No full textThe use of touch screen storybooks for children allows reading to be transformed into an interactive multimedia experience, in which text is augmented by animations, sound effects, and games. The present study is a follow-up to an earlier study [1] which found that touch screen storybooks negatively affected child readers’ comprehension but resulted in more emotional engagement. Ross et al.’s earlier study used visual observations to determine the level of emotional engagement. The current study extends those findings to examine the acoustic and prosodic indices of speech whilst children are reading. It was hypothesized that if touch screens were more emotionally engaging, this may express itself in greater pitch variability in the read speech. Also, if reading were more task-focused, then this might express in more careful (and hence more disfluent) paper-based material. Very preliminary analysis on a small selection of speech samples from 5 participants aged 6–7 years in the Ross et al. [1] study show greater pitch range variability with paper-based storybooks as compared to touch-screen interactive versions. On the other hand, there appeared to be less variation in speech and articulation rate in the paper-based books compared to touch screen books. This was also coupled by a tendency for greater overall phonation rate and an increased speech and articulation rate in the paper-based condition, which may reflect a more fluid style for paper-based book reading. Discussion of these preliminary findings focuses on the future lines of enquiry and reflections on children’s reading style using different mediums
Tasmania: Australia’s Cinematic Landscape of Loss
No full textIn the chapter "Tasmania: Australia's Cinematic Landscape of Loss," Steven Allen analyzes three films, Dying Breed (Jody Dwyer, 2008), The Hunter (Daniel Nettheim, 2012) and Van Diemen’s Land (Jonathan auf der Heide, 2009), which depict quests for the extinct Thylacine (aka the Tasmanian Tiger) and the nineteenth-century escape of cannibal convict Alexander Pearce. Allen argues that these films' visual and aural representation of wilderness serves as a celebration of what has been saved, while the narratives explore a cultural landscape of loss. Tasmania’s landscape has been a battleground of competing claims since British colonization and beyond. The folkloric returns of past traumas, such as the officially extinct status of the Thylacine (the last specimen died in captivity in 1936) compounded by reported sightings of the animal up until today, serve as means to process a landscape defined by loss. The films facilitate a hypothetical yearning in conversation with the historical record by exploring folkloric elements in relation to a land apparently screened off from the rest of the world. In this manner, the films process contemporary tensions regarding meanings and values attached to place. Drawing on a cultural and ecocritical understanding of Tasmania, Allen points out that Tasmania more recently has become a popular destination for nature-based tourism and ecotourism because of its pristine isolation, and its cinematic depiction in the past ten years has portrayed a series of (re)discoveries of the primordial landscape as protagonists travel through a land defined by loss and separation
ARCHIVE:Performance at Teatros del Canal, Madrid Spain
No full textPerformance of my composition and interactive performance in collaboration with Choreographer Arkadi Zaides. The work questions the role of embodiment and the human voice in territorialisation practices on the borders of Palestine-Israel. It does so through practice-based research of the B'TSelem Video Archive
Geographical Indicators in the UK After Brexit: An Uncertain Future?
Get PDFThe protection of geographical indications (‘GIs’) within the UK is placed into doubt by the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union (‘Brexit’). The default legal position is that after Brexit, there would be no legal provision for GIs in UK law. This default position can only be changed if the UK and the EU agree the terms of the UK’s withdrawal and then their future relationship. The article considers the implications of the draft withdrawal agreement which, inter alia ensures the continuing reciprocal protection of UK and EU GIs. In July 2019, a new UK Prime Minister took office, and renegotiated the draft withdrawal agreement, which retained the reciprocal protection of GIs. The ratification of this renegotiated withdrawal agreement depends on the result of the December 2019 general election. Under the withdrawal agreement GIs from outside the EU are not protected. Consequently, the article considers how UK GIs will continue to be protected in countries that have concluded a free trade agreement with the EU, by examining the rollover agreements that the UK Government are concluding around the world. Finally, given the intention of the UK Government that, post-Brexit, the UK will conclude free trade agreements with countries that have traditionally been reluctant to recognise GIs, such as the USA and Australia, the article examines the prospects for GI protection to be included in these agreements
The education of children from military families: identity and agency
No full textThis paper reflects on the emergent outcomes of research into the progression to higher education of children from military families (hereafter service children), underpinned ethically by articles 28 and 29 (right to education and goals of education) of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The scarcity of both literature and previous research in this field indicates the importance of the work. The paper addresses the identity characteristics of service children and the conceptualisation of their educational experience. Looking beyond the bare facts of academic attainment and participation in higher education, the paper explores the impact of identity and agency on educational progression and accordingly present the consequences for educators in engaging with the complex and distinctive realities and identities of service children, challenging stereotypes about both service children and disadvantage. Existing research, quantitative data sets and literature were reviewed and empirical data (through interviews and questionnaires) collected from school-age and undergraduate service children. Emergent theme analysis was viewed through the social constructivist lenses of Bandura, Bourdieu, Bronfenbrenner and Wenger related to agency, identity and capital. Service children are found to be under-represented in the higher education population. Contributory factors include distinctive constraints that they face, including frequent mobility and family separation, resulting in a high risk of emotional, behavioural and attainment problems. These precipitate a loss of personal agency, leading over time to the erosion of ambition to remain in education. Hence, continuing education becomes less attainable or desirable. Further research is underway to examine wider perspectives of the impact on education of being a service child. Recommendations from the research include professional development for schools, further education and universities following actions and recommendation from relevant authoritative bodies