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Mitchell, Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman: Mariana of Austria and the Government of Spain (Pennsylvania State Press, 2019)
No full textConstructs of Sleep Disturbance and Mental Well-being in Older UK Adolescents
Get PDFPoor sleep quality can have far reaching physical and mental health consequences (Alvaro, Roberts & Harris, 2014; Ribeiro et al., 2012). This study explores sleep quality in older adolescents; specifically, whether insomnia constructs have unique patterns of association to depression, anxiety and stress. Data from 16-19-year old’s (n=198) recruited from further education colleges were obtained. Sleep quality was assessed using the diagnostic criteria for insomnia (DSM-5), Insomnia Severity Index and self-report. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to measure mental health state. A large proportion (42-52%) reported sleep difficulties lasting four weeks or more, with 17% short-sleepers (<7hrs.). Regression analysis indicated 12.1%-17.8% of variance in mental health was explained by sleep quality. Specifically, “non-restorative sleep” and “daily impact” consistently predicted depression, anxiety and stress levels. Interestingly, “maintaining sleep” and “early wakings”, were associated with anxiety and stress respectively. Results indicate for a potentially large group of adolescents; sleep quality is poor. The cumulative effect of poor sleep appears particularly detrimental. Results provide preliminary indications that sleep behaviours could provide a means for early identification of mental health concerns. Findings can inform tailored interventions aimed at improving sleep quality in adolescents thereby having clear benefits in relation to both short, and longer term, health outcomes
A Meta-Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Divergent thinking using Activation Likelihood Estimation
Get PDFThere are conflicting findings regarding brain regions and networks underpinning creativity, with divergent thinking tasks commonly used to study this. A handful of meta-analyses have attempted to synthesise findings on neural mechanisms of divergent thinking. With the rapid proliferation of research and recent developments in fMRI meta-analysis approaches, it is timely to reassess the regions activated during divergent thinking creativity tasks. Of particular interest is examining the evidence regarding large-scale brain networks proposed to be key in divergent thinking and extending this work to consider the role of the semantic control network. Studies utilising fMRI with healthy participants completing divergent thinking tasks were systematically identified, with twenty studies meeting the criteria. Activation Likelihood Estimation was then used to integrate the neuroimaging results across studies. This revealed four clusters: the left inferior parietal lobe; the left inferior frontal and precentral gyrus; the superior and medial frontal gyrus and the right cerebellum. These regions are key in the semantic network, important for flexible retrieval of stored knowledge, highlighting the role of this network in divergent thinking
The institutional shaping of children’s educational experiences in secure custody:A case study of a secure children’s home in England
Get PDFSecure Children’s Homes accommodate some of the most vulnerable children in society and yet they haveevaded sustained academic attention. Consequently, little is known about children’s education in this type ofsetting. Through the lens of institutional ethnography, this paper explores how experiences of education insideone Secure Children’s Home in England are shaped by the institution. This approach makes visible that while thesmall-scale of the setting is of value, the mix of children accommodated for qualitatively different reasons isproblematic for both the delivery of education and the children’s engagement in learning
Betting Shops in the Pubic Eye: A Commentary
No full textBetting shops are a familiar feature in towns and cities throughout the UK. However, in recent years, increasing social and political concerns have been expressed about the presence of betting shops in high streets and about the role of betting shops in encouraging gambling. Such concerns include the concentration of betting shops in areas of social deprivation, the impact of such shops on the vitality of and viability of town centres, the perceived links between betting shops and both anti‐social behaviour and criminal activity and the presence of Fixed Odds Betting Terminals in betting shops. This commentary paper outlines the origin and characteristics of betting shops, explores some of the recent concerns betting shops have attracted and offers some brief concluding reflections on the impact of policy responses to these concerns
Are in vitro and in silico approaches used appropriately for animal-based Major Depressive Disorder research?
Get PDFThe current paradigm for biomedical research and drug testing postulates that in vitro and in silico data inform animal studies that will subsequently inform human studies. Recent evidence points out that animal studies have made a poor contribution to current knowledge of Major Depressive Disorder, whereas the contribution of in vitro and in silico studies to animal studies- within this research area- is yet to be properly quantified. This quantification is important since biomedical research and drug discovery and development includes two steps of knowledge transferability and we need to evaluate the effectiveness of both in order to properly implement 3R principles (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement).Here, we used the citation tracking facility within Web of Science to locate citations of original research papers on in vitro and in silico related to MDD published identified in PubMed by relevant search terms. 67 publications describing target papers were located. Both in vitro and in silico papers are more cited by human medical papers than by animal papers.The results suggest that, at least concerning MDD research, the current two steps of knowledge transferability are not being followed, indicating a poor compliance with the 3R principles.<br/
Should New Zealand do more to uphold animal welfare?
No full textGovernmental and industry representatives have repeatedly claimed that Aotearoa New Zealand leads the world on animal welfare, largely based on an assessment by global animal protection charity World Animal Protection (WAP). New Zealand’s leading ranking rested primarily on favourable comparisons of its animal welfare legislation with that of 50 other nations, within WAP’s 2014 Animal Protection Index. Unfortunately, however, review of welfare problems extant within the farming of meat chickens and laying hens, pigs, cows and sheep, reveals the persistence of systemic welfare compromises within most New Zealand animal farming systems. These are contrary to good ethics, to our duty of care toward these animals, to the wishes of domestic and international consumers, and to the interests of New Zealand’s animal production industries, which make an unusually large contribution to New Zealand’s national economy. Accordingly, and despite progress to date, this study finds that significant further resource investment and policy reform within the field of animal welfare are clearly warranted within New Zealand
For a few dollars more -The representation of elite women's cricket in Australia:2019 Women in Sport and Exercise Conference Abstracts
No full textIn 2018, Cricket Australia launched #WATCHME, a powerful new marketing campaign created to promote the Australian Women’s Cricket Team and the Women’s Big Bash League (WBBL) – the country’s elite professional Twenty20 national cricket competition. This paper provides an important empirical snapshot and analysis of number of key areas. Namely, the representation of women’s cricket and differences between that of the men’s game; differences in the financial value placed on both forms of the game by fans; and the significance of the choice of venue for women’s cricket matches. A two-phase mixed methodology was adopted for this study, utilising participant observation in conjunction with quantitative survey data. Participant observation was conducted at four WBBL matches, and an online survey was sent out via the club’s email distribution list, yielding 308 responses. The gender breakdown was 159 females (52%) and 149 males (48%). The modal age was 18-24 years of age. The findings revealed that there were differences in the presentation of WBBL games compared to those of the male Big Bash League. WBBL games were also observed to have a more family-friendly atmosphere and were less focused on established rivalries and competitiveness. In addition, female fans preferred smaller, suburban venues for these matches. Significantly, it was found that male fans financially value women’s sport less than female fans do. These findings indicate that women’s sport remains a site of contestation with ongoing struggles over whose version of sport truly matters
Changes in quality of life, health status, and other patient-reported outcomes following Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation (SPKT): a quantitative and qualitative analysis within a UK-wide programme.
Get PDFWe examined quality of life (QoL) and other patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in 95 Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplant (SPKT) recipients and 41 patients wait-listed for SPKT recruited to the UK Access to Transplantation and Transplant Outcome Measures (ATTOM) programme. Wait-listed patients transplanted within 12 months of recruitment (n=22) were followed 12-months post-transplant and compared with those still wait-listed (n=19) to examine pre-to-post-transplant changes. Qualitative interviews with ten SPKT recipients 12-months post-transplant were analysed thematically. Cross-sectional analyses showed several better 12-month outcomes for SPKT recipients compared with those still wait-listed, a trend to better health utilities but no difference in diabetes-specific QoL or diabetes treatment satisfaction. Pre- to post-transplant, SPKT recipients showed improved treatment satisfaction, well-being, self-reported health, generic QoL and less negative impact on renal-specific QoL (ps<0.05). Health-utility values were better overall in transplant recipients and neither these nor diabetes-specific QoL changed significantly in either group. Pre-emptive transplant advantages seen in 12-month cross-sectional analyses disappeared when controlling for baseline values. Qualitative findings indicated diabetes complications, self-imposed blood-glucose monitoring and dietary restrictions continued to impact QoL negatively post-transplant. Unrealistic expectations of SPKT caused some disappointment. Measuring condition-specific PROMs over time will help in demonstrating the benefits and limitations of SPKT
