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On the Development of a Resident Monitoring System:Usability, Privacy and Security Aspects
Get PDFWorldwide, the elderly have suffered disproportionately from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, both in terms of their prognosis once contracted the disease and in terms of the preventative measures required for this demographic, who are at much higher risk than the rest of the population. In the “new normal”, the well-being of older adults (residing either in their own homes or in care homes) will be ideally monitored remotely. These measures would preserve the independence of individuals without compromising on their safety. In this paper we discuss aspects of the design and implementation of a resident monitoring system (RMS) with particular emphasis on overcoming the barriers for adoption among these populations, by addressing the aspects of usability, privacy and security at the core of the development of such a system. We discuss the current challenges of this research and future work on the RMS
Constructing Knowledge in Primary Physical Education: A Critical perspective from pre-service teachers
Get PDFPrimary physical education is quickly becoming an area of academic interest with a particular focus on new entrants into the profession. This study adopts a Personal Construct methodology to identify how pre-service teachers in England construct their knowledge of primary physical education. Our findings present four themes for knowledge development, taken from four repertory grid interviews: knowledge perspectives, knowledge validation, knowledge context and knowledge application. Participants expressed they had limited provision for physical education when on a school-based placement, which was attributed to subject outsourcing and a lack of teacher and mentor confidence. The study highlights the importance of professional socialisation through initial teacher education programmes, with opportunities for pre-service teachers to engage with ‘knowledgeable others’. In the absence of opportunity for primary PSTs to develop knowledge in physical education, we caution it is unlikely the issue of teacher competence will improve
International Best Practice Recommendations: Prevention and management of moisture-associated skin damage (MASD).
No full textMoisture-associated skin damage (MASD) represents a significant problem and can have a negative effect on patient wellbeing and quality of life.A group of international experts met online via Zoom in June 2020 to discuss the key issues and knowledge gaps in MASD, and to formulate Best Practice Statements to guide the prevention and management of MASD.For the purposes of this document, the wider term of MASD has been subdivided into key areas, with specific Best Practice Statements around prevention and management for each area.These are:Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD)Peristomal dermatitisIntertriginous dermatitis (intertrigo)Periwound maceration.During the meeting, we agreed to keep the umbrella term ‘MASD’, in order not to overload busy clinicians with differing terminology. However, it is important to note that ‘moisture’ is not the only relevant factor in these areas of skin damage, as explained in the document. This type of skin damage is now included under ICD-11 coding (WHO, 2020) as ‘irritant contact dermatitis due to friction, sweating or contact with body fluids’.The aim of this document is to provide clinicians with guidance for best practice in these areas of MASD, thereby contributing to improving patient outcomes and reducing the incidence of these and related skin conditions, through skin-focused prevention and management plans
A revised AMS and tephra chronology for the Late Middle to Early Upper Paleolithic occupation of Ortvale Klde, Republic of Georgia
No full textEarly Upper Paleolithic (EUP) varied geographically, temporally, and substantively across the Near East and Eurasia; however, the result of this process was the archaeological disappearance of Middle Paleolithic technologies across the length and breadth of their geographic distribution. Ortvale Klde rockshelter (Republic of Georgia) contains the most detailed LMP-EUP archaeological sequence in the Caucasus, an environmentally and topographically diverse region situated between southwest Asia and Europe. Tephrochronological investigations at the site reveal volcanic ash (tephra) from various volcanic sources and provide a tephrostratigraphy for the site that will facilitate future correlations in the region. We correlate one of the cryptotephra layers to the large, caldera-forming Nemrut Formation eruption (30,000 years ago) from Nemrut volcano in Turkey. We integrate this tephrochronological constraint with new radiocarbon dates and published ages in an OxCal Bayesian age model to produce a revised chronology for the site. This model increases the ages for the end of the LMP (∼47.5–44.2 ka cal BP) and appearance of the EUP (∼46.7–43.6 ka cal BP) at Ortvale Klde, which are earlier than those currently reported for other sites in the Caucasus but similar to estimates for specific sites in southwest Asia and eastern Europe. These data, coupled with archaeological, stratigraphic, and taphonomic observations, suggest that at Ortvale Klde, (1) the appearance of EUP technologies of bone and stone has no technological roots in the preceding LMP, (2) a LMP population vacuum likely preceded the appearance of these EUP technologies, and (3) the systematic combination of tephra correlations and absolute dating chronologies promises to substantially improve our inter-regional understanding of this critical time interval of human evolution and the potential interconnectedness of hominins at different sites
Micronutrient status during paediatric critical illness: A scoping review
No full textBackground: No evidence based recommendations for micronutrient requirements during paediatric critical illness are available, other than those arising from recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) for healthy children and expert opinion.Objectives: The objective of this review is to examine the available evidence from micronutrient status in critically ill children considering studies which describe 1) micronutrient levels, 2) associations between micronutrient levels and clinical outcome, and 3) impact on clinical outcome with micronutrient supplementation during PICU admission.Design: Scoping review.Eligibility criteria: Any study which used a qualitative and quantitative design considering causes and consequences of micronutrient levels or micronutrient supplementation during paediatric critical illness.Sources of evidence: NICE Healthcare Databases Advanced Search website (https://hdas.nice.org.uk/) was used as a tool for multiple searches, with a content analysis and charting of data extracted.Results: 711 records were identified, 35 were included in the review. Studies evaluated serum micronutrient status was determined on admission day in majority of patients. A content analysis identified (n = 49) initial codes, (n = 14) sub-categories and (n = 5) overarching themes during critical illness, which were identified as: i) low levels of micronutrients, ii) causes of aberrant micronutrient levels, iii) associations between micronutrients levels and outcome, iv) supplementation of micronutrients.Conclusion: During critical illness, micronutrients should be provided in sufficient amounts to meet reference nutrient intakes for age. Although, there is insufficient data to recommend routine supplementations of micronutrients at higher doses during critical illness, the 'absence of evidence should not imply evidence of absence', and well designed prospective studies are urgently needed to elucidate paediatric micronutrient requirements during critical illness. The absence of reliable biomarkers make it challenging to determine whether low serum levels are reflective of a true deficiency or as a result redistribution, particularly during the acute phase of critical illness. As more children continue to survive a PICU admission, particularly those with complex diseases micronutrient supplementation research should also be inclusive of the recovery phase following critical illness
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of performance influencing factors within the practice environment
Get PDFAn individual’s perception of their competitive environment can shape their psychological experience and influence their performance. Influences from competitive performance environments have received considerably more research attention than the performance influences that might occur from practice environments. This fact is curious as athletes tend to spend far more time practising than competing. The aim of this study was to undertake a rich exploration of the psychological influencing factors experienced by basketball players in the practice environment using an idiographic approach to provide a deeper understanding of participant experience. Participants were five male English basketball players (mean age = 18 years) competing in the Elite Academy Basketball League and enrolled in full-time education. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Nine superordinate themes were constructed from data analysis, which included: player perceptions of the coach, relationships between teammates, emotional and behavioural perception, negative experiences leading to enhanced motivation, performance expectations before and during practice activities, philosophy towards the success of the team, current physical state, goal focus within the practice environment, and responsibility positions during practice activities. The results from this study suggest that psychological factors influencing performance may differ between practice and competition environments. The reported factors that appear to be specific to the practice environment, which have received little representation within previous competition-based research include: negative experiences leading to positive performance outcomes, intra-team competition and goal orientations, and performance expectations. Practitioners and researchers may wish to consider the practice environment independently from competitive performance environments. Several applied implications are also offered
“Tell me more about this…”: An examination of the efficacy of follow-up open questions following an initial account
No full textIn information gathering interviews, follow-up questions are asked to clarify and extend initial witness accounts. Across two experiments, we examined the efficacy of open-ended questions following an account about a multi-perpetrator event. In Experiment 1, 50 mock-witnesses used the timeline technique or a free recall format to provide an initial account. Although follow-up questions elicited new information (18–22% of the total output) across conditions, the response accuracy (60%) was significantly lower than that of the initial account (83%). In Experiment 2 (N = 60), half of the participants received pre-questioning instructions to monitor accuracy when responding to follow-up questions. New information was reported (21–22% of the total output) across conditions, but despite using pre-questioning instructions, response accuracy (75%) was again lower than the spontaneously reported information (87.5%). Follow-up open-ended questions prompt additional reporting; however, practitioners should be cautious to corroborate the accuracy of new reported details