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Associations of lower-limb atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis with cardiovascular risk factors and disease in older adults:The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Get PDFBackground & aims: Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis contribute to vascular aging and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Both processes can be assessed simply in the lower-limbs and reflect systemic pathology. However, only atherosclerosis is routinely assessed, typically via ankle-brachial index (ABI). Arteriosclerosis can be assessed using femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity (faPWV), but no studies have identified whether ABI and faPWV similarly associate with overt CVD and risk factors, nor whether faPWV confers additional information. The aims of this study were to (i) compare associations of ABI and faPWV with traditional CVD risk factors, including age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), smoking, and diabetes; and (ii) determine the independent and additive associations of ABI and faPWV with a composite measure of prevalent CVD. Methods: We evaluated ABI and faPWV in 4330 older-aged (75.3 ± 5.0 years) adults using an oscillometric screening device. Associations between ABI and faPWV with CVD risk factors and CVD were determined using mixed-model linear- and logistic-regression. Results: ABI and faPWV were associated with age, HDL, and smoking. ABI was associated with sex, TC, diabetes. faPWV was associated with SBP. Both ABI and faPWV were inversely associated with CVD. Low ABI (≤0.9 vs. >0.9) and low faPWV (≤9.94 vs. >9.94) increased the odds of CVD by 2.41-fold (95% CI:1.85,3.17) and 1.46-fold (95% CI:1.23,1.74), respectively. The inverse association between faPWV and CVD was independent of ABI and CVD risk factors. Conclusions: ABI and faPWV, measures of lower-limb atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, are independently associated with CVD risk factors and prevalent CVD. Assessment of faPWV may confer additional risk information beyond ABI.</p
Investigating the Perception and Attitude of Business School Students Towards Overtourism at Marseille Calanques National Park
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“Take My Bone Away?” Hypoxia and bone: A narrative review
No full textTo maintain normal cellular and physiological function, sufficient oxygen is required. Recently, evidence has suggested that hypoxia, either pathological or environmental, may influence bone health. It appears that bone cells are distinctly responsive to hypoxic stimuli; for better or worse, this is still yet to be elucidated. Hypoxia has been shown to offer potentially therapeutic effects for bone by inducing an osteogenic–angiogenic response, although, others have noted excessive osteoclastic bone resorption instead. Much evidence suggests that the hypoxic-inducible pathway is integral in mediating the changes in bone metabolism. Furthermore, many factors associated with hypoxia including changes in energy metabolism, acid–base balance and the increased generation of reactive oxygen species, are known to influence bone metabolism. This review aims to examine some of the putative mechanisms responsible for hypoxic-induced alterations of bone metabolism, with regard to osteoclasts and osteoblasts, both positive and negative
There are exactly \omega_1 topological types of locally finite trees with countably many rays
Get PDFNash-Williams showed that the collection of locally finite trees under the topological minor relation results in a well-quasi-order. As a consequence, Matthiesen proved that the number λ of topological types of locally finite tree must be uncountable. Since ℵ1≤λ≤c, finding the exact value of λ becomes non-trivial in the absence of the Continuum Hypothesis. In this paper we address this task by showing that λ=ℵ1 for locally finite trees with countably many rays. We also partially extend this result to locally finite trees with uncountably many rays
Concentric Circles and Magnetic Currents: Moral Disarmament at the League of Nations International Institute of Educational Cinematography, 1931-34
Get PDFThis chapter explores spatial and temporal elements in configurations that entangle education, internationalism and empire in three articles published in the International Review of Educational Cinematography (IREC). In the first article Evelyn Wrench (1934) deploys a concentric circles spatial model that places the self at the centre and sees world-mindedness as the result of learning to negotiate ever-widening circles of relationships (family, region, nation, international/empire/world). Following Papastephanou (2016) the chapter argues that Wrench deploys a cultural-cognitive model of the enlargement and enrichment of a cosmopolitan self associated with linear temporal notions of progress and of abstract space that constitutes a style of reason thought to invoke a less parochial existence via a pedagogy in which individuals learn to negotiate distance between self and other in an imperialist frame aligned with notions of territorial expansion. Analysis of two IREC articles by Germaine Dulac (1931, 1934) draws on Barad’s (2007, 2012) theorising of relations of spacetimematter and Grosz’s (2004) analysis of Bergsonian temporalities to trace how Dulac’s thinking disrupts the concentric circles model by gesturing towards quantum notions of timespacematter that dislodge the human from the centre of analysis through little incidents, thereby creating what Serres (1991) calls a space of passage or transience where learning comes via friction in what Tsing (2011) terms zones of awkward engagement. The conclusion argues that rather than situating the articles by Wrench and Dulac across an epistemological break, their understandings of how to foster international understanding and friendship might be approached via Whitehead’s (1920, 1925, 1927, 1935) theorisation of abstraction and the Event, as spatial and temporal counterpoints that coexisted and knotted together in the fabric that constituted 1930s moral disarmamen
Contradictions in Educational Thought and Practice:Derrida, Philosophy, and Education
Get PDFThrough readings of Jacques Derrida's Of Grammatology and 'The Age of Hegel', attention is given to two of the problematic types of relationships that philosophy can have with education (exemplified through Derrida’s readings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and G.W.F. Hegel). These engagements, alongside a reading of 'The Antinomies of the Philosophical Discipline: Letter Preface', show how Derrida’s thought can prescribe no educational programme and instead troubles educational proclamations and certainties. Throughout his life, Derrida negotiated his relationships to the educational systems and institutions to which he was responsible (notably in his own teaching and through GREPH), these negotiations, though, were not indicative of a belief in any ontologically grounded educational truth. Quite to the contrary, as I will claim, Derrida’s thought is remarkable for its deflation of the myth, stretching at least as far back to Plato’s Republic , that philosophy can discover and prescribe the practical means for its own educational good. The argument presented in this article is that Derrida’s thought is particularly fertile when it comes to educational reflection precisely because it does not close down, presuppose, or prescribe, and that these characteristics also allow for generative contradictions in Derrida's educational and philosophical thought and practice
