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Responsible use of AI in healthcare: an Australian perspective on promise, perils, and professional duties
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping healthcare worldwide, offering new opportunities and challenges for clinicians, patients, and regulators. This review examines the integration of AI in Australian healthcare from 2020 to 2025, focusing on regulation, patient perspectives, privacy, and implementation. It highlights regulatory gaps, risks such as bias and data sovereignty breaches, and the responsibilities of clinicians and organisations. Key challenges include complex frameworks managed by the 15 National Health Practitioner Boards, Ahpra, and the TGA, as well as concerns over algorithmic bias, privacy, and compliance with data laws. Public attitudes reveal a guarded acceptance, shaped by concerns over data ownership and legal custodianship. The review underscores efficiency, personalisation, and accessibility as potential benefits, while privacy risks, entrenched bias, and unclear governance remain significant perils. Despite global growth in healthcare AI, peer-reviewed literature on the legal and professional responsibilities of Australian clinicians is limited. This narrative review provides a national perspective to inform international debates on AI governance. It argues that successful adoption requires stakeholder mobilisation, policy alignment, clinician training, ethical oversight, and transparent communication. A consolidated regulatory and professional framework is essential to ensure innovation strengthens safety, equity, and patient-centred care
Identifying priority recreational fishing objectives for inclusion in harvest strategies
Full text linkHarvest strategies are considered best practice for fisheries management and are increasingly being used to achieve stakeholder and policy objectives. However, the objectives of recreational fishers are often poorly understood by fisheries practitioners and rarely integrated into harvest strategies, reducing the likelihood of achieving desired fisheries performance for this sector. We developed a two-phase approach to identifying and prioritizing recreational fishing (RF) objectives and applied it to three fish stocks of recreational importance in New South Wales, Australia. Workshops with experienced recreational fishers identified a broad range of operational objectives for these stocks that spanned the four pillars of sustainability - ecological, economic, social, and managerial. A state-wide preference survey was then used to determine priorities among those objectives that could be addressed within a harvest strategy. Objective preferences were generally similar among stocks, respondent groups, and fisher types, with ecological objectives found to be most important, particularly maintaining enough fish overall and regionally to ensure healthy stocks and avoid localized declines. Social objectives were more important than economic objectives, although "trophy-sized"fish were considered relatively unimportant. Our findings suggest that objective preferences of recreational fishers within NSW are relatively consistent across fish stocks and sub-groups of the RF community
Towards SMPC-enabled O-RAN: A survey with deployment-oriented insights
Full text linkThe evolution of 6G networks has led to the development of open, intelligent, and decentralized architectures. Nevertheless, protecting data privacy and security across systems with multiple vendors remains a critical challenge. Although Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) and the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) have emerged as promising candidates, existing articles have evaluated their performance in isolation. It implies that their combined impact on system performance has not yet been explored. Consequently, this article presents an integrated, deployment-oriented synthesis that maps lightweight and scalable SMPC protocols to O-RAN components such as the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), xApps, and open interfaces. Particularly, this article identifies four key research challenges: SMPC protocol scalability, architectural integration, secure AI optimization, and multi-vendor data confidentiality. To address these identified challenges, a comprehensive performance evaluation of state-of-the-art SMPC schemes is performed. The evaluation focuses on latency, bandwidth, and computational overhead of SMPC schemes in 6G-enabled O-RAN systems. Thus, by linking SMPC techniques with O-RAN architectures, this article provides practical insights and quantitative evidence to support the development of secure, efficient, and interoperable 6G wireless technologies
Environmental issues, climate change, and progressive politics
No full textThe chapter examines the forms and possibilities of progressive politics in the context of climate change. Environmental movement actors have often advanced mainstream “green progressive” discourse in political and media spheres. At the same time, grassroots actors and more radical versions of green progressive discourse and actions have a harder time gaining traction in policy networks and achieving mass media visibility. We provide an overview of the emergence and globalization of the environmental coalition regarding climate change. Then, drawing on the cases of India, Finland, Brazil, and Canada, we examine the diverse politics of actors that make up the environmental coalition. Our analysis illustrates how progressive coalitions and politics emerge in varied political and cultural contexts, how these alignments are shaped by the global climate regime and critical events, and how and why these alignments gain or lose strength over time
Thermal regenerator deployed as a mini-channel porous media using supercritical CO2 as a working fluid
No full textSupercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) flow has unique thermodynamic properties that enhance the solar dish Stirling engine's thermal efficiency and overall system performance in optimising solar energy utilisation for sustainable power generation. A precise knowledge of the impact of sCO2 flow in solar dish Stirling engines and corresponding fluid–structure (FSI) interaction is missing in the literature. Therefore, this study aims to develop a novel FSI model for solar dish Stirling engines and optimise the system's thermal efficiency. An advanced FSI model was developed for mini-channel porous media. A comprehensive grid refinement was performed, and the computational model was validated with the preliminary experimental measurement. The study presents the computational findings of heat transfer and fluid flow through a three-dimensional (3-D) woven mesh aluminum_1100 alloy. This structure is deployed as a thermal regenerator for solar dish application in the Stirling engine. The numerical model reports that the non-similar regenerator thermal efficiency in all angular velocities is always higher than that of similar regenerators. Following the grid independence analysis and experimental validation, the numerical method used in this study is considered reliable. Increasing the angular velocity from 10 rad/s to 100 rad/s leads to reaching the maximum thermal efficiency value during a lower reduced length 2 as a working fluid flow could significantly influence in contrast to space constraints. This research highlights the importance of sCO2 flow in improving the efficiency of solar dish Stirling engines, crucial for optimising sustainable solar power generation
Transgenerational plasticity responses differ across genetically distinct families in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata.
No full textAcross the globe, marine organisms need to rapidly respond to climate change. Acclimation through the mechanism of transgenerational plasticity (TGP) is now at the forefront of research, providing hope that some marine organisms may persist into the future. To date, however, because most studies have focussed on the average phenotypic species response to climate change, we do not know whether phenotypic responses vary among genotypes. Here, we take a next critical step in TGP research to assess whether TGP responses to ocean acidification (OA) differ among genotypes of the culturally significant and iconic Sydney Rock Oyster (SRO), Saccostrea glomerata. Adults of four genetically distinct families of the SRO were exposed to ambient (410 μatm) and elevated (1000 μatm) pCO2 for 9 weeks during reproductive conditioning. Following this exposure, we performed a within family cross of each family and measured the percentage development, abnormality, shell length and respiration rate of D-veliger larvae after 48 h in the same ambient and elevated pCO2 treatments. We found significant variability in TGP responses among families to elevated pCO2, with positive, negative, and neutral responses in larval offspring. How well we understand the adaptive potential of oysters and their capacity to mount fast responses through TGP to climate change will determine our ability to ensure the sustainability of SRO populations, marine food security and the cultural heritage of this iconic species. Combined approaches quantifying both genetic and non-genetic TGP responses are needed to determine the total adaptive potential of other marine organisms to climate change
Managing WLB in the construction industry: a boundary theory approach
Full text linkPurpose There is international consensus that poor work–life balance (WLB) represents a significant health risk to many people who work in the construction industry. This study addresses the under-theorisation, methodological limitations, and lack of large-scale empirical research in this emerging field. The research aims to deepen understanding of WLB challenges faced by construction industry workers, with a focus on how they manage the boundaries between work and non-work domains. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on Boundary Theory as a conceptual framework and employs a mixed-methods design. It combines quantitative data from a large-scale survey (N = 1,475) and qualitative data from interviews (N = 64) with professionals and tradespeople across the Australian construction industry. Findings The findings reveal that workers in the construction industry face substantial challenges in managing the temporal, physical, and psychological boundaries between their work and non-work domains to achieve a healthy WLB and that there is a considerable degree of inequity in the resources available to enable them to do so. Young people working in junior on-site supervisory roles (especially on large commercial and infrastructure projects) appear to suffer the greatest boundary management challenges. It is also found that the very strong, impermeable and inflexible boundaries between work and non-work domains are nurtured and maintained by institutionalized workplace norms, practices and cultures which undermine the intent of formal initiatives to help people manage their temporal, physical and psychological boundaries to achieve a healthy WLB. Originality/value This study contributes to the limited empirical literature on work-life balance in the construction industry by applying Boundary Theory to a large and diverse sample. It contributes new insights into the institutional barriers to effective boundary management for workers across the construction industry and provides practical recommendations to help them manage the temporal, physical and psychological boundaries between their work and non-work domains more effectively to achieve a healthy and sustainable WLB
Benchmarking LLMs for Business Architecture Modelling with Hierarchical Capability Maps
No full textBusiness Capability Map is one of the core instruments of Business Architecture (BA) modeling and analysis and an essential tool for driving business/IT alignment. However, the process of crafting a structured and hierarchical overview of organisational capabilities as a business capability map is a manual, knowledge-intensive process that consumes a significant amount of effort and time. Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their ability to automate knowledge-intensive tasks such as business process modeling through their internalised knowledge. However, they tend to perform poorly when the task requires specific domain knowledge as opposed to handling general knowledge. This is a hurdle in adapting LLMs for BA modeling, as domain expertise is crucial for generating business architecture models. To further our understanding in this challenge, this paper presents a benchmark experiment that systematically and comprehensively evaluates the utility of LLMs in BA modeling. We propose BCM-Eval, a novel business capability map benchmark, and use it to evaluate key state-of-the-art LLMs in different prompt settings. We report on the potential and limitations of LLMs for business capability modeling, concluding that LLMs still have a limited grasp on industry expertise and do not precisely capture the semantics related to capability models. Our results also indicate the need for advanced prompting and domain knowledge augmentation techniques that can probe the knowledge of LLMs towards capability maps and other hierarchical BA models
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