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On the composable security of weak coin flipping
No full textWeak coin flipping is a cryptographic primitive in which two mutually distrustful parties generate a shared random bit to agree on a winner via remote communication. While a stand-alone secure weak coin flipping protocol can be constructed from noiseless quantum communication channels, its composability remains unexplored. In this work, we demonstrate that no weak coin flipping protocol can be abstracted as a simple black-box resource with composable security. Despite this, we also establish the overall stand-alone security of quantum weak coin flipping protocols under composition in sequential order
Reports on international organisations and bodies-International Maritime Organization (IMO)
No full textEmpowering Literacy with AI: Implications for Teaching, Ethics, and Policy
No full textThis chapter explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in literacy education, examining its pedagogical benefits, ethical challenges, and implications for teacher professional development. As AI tools become increasingly embedded in classrooms, they offer promising avenues for enhancing literacy through personalised learning, adaptive feedback, and resource creation. However, these opportunities are accompanied by significant concerns, including algorithmic and cultural bias, misinformation, and equitable access. The chapter outlines the concept of AI literacy, proposing a framework that supports students’ critical understanding and responsible use of AI technologies. It also highlights the ethical implications of AI use, particularly in relation to fairness and inclusivity in educational contexts. A key focus is on the need to equip teachers with the knowledge, tools, and confidence to effectively integrate AI into literacy instruction. Professional development, collaborative networks, and access to high-quality AI resources are identified as essential components for successful implementation. The chapter concludes by calling for a balanced and informed approach to AI in education-one that recognises both its potential and its limitations. By fostering AI literacy among educators and students, schools can ensure that AI serves as a powerful, ethical, and inclusive tool for advancing literacy in the 21st century
Diatom responses to rapid light and temperature fluctuations: adaptive strategies and natural variability
Get PDFDiatoms are crucial in global primary productivity and carbon sequestration, contributing significantly to marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. With the projected increase in sea surface temperatures, climate change poses significant threats to these essential organisms. This study investigates the photobiological responses of nine diatom species to rapid changes in light and temperature, aiming to understand their adaptability and resilience to climate-induced environmental fluctuations. Using a high-throughput phenoplate assay, we evaluated the maximum quantum yield of photosystem 2 (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and additional photosynthetic parameters under varying temperature conditions. Our results revealed significant variability in the photophysiological responses among the species, with temperature emerging as a dominant abiotic factor relative to light, accounting for 13.2%–37.5% of the measured variability. Measurements of effect size of temperature and light on Fv/Fm showed that there is additional significant innate variability in the samples when a homogeneous culture is fractioned in 384 subpopulations. Furthermore, hierarchical clustering analysis of the effect size of temperature, light and innate variability on all measured photosynthetic parameters identified two distinct diatom groups. One group exhibited strong interaction between light intensity and temperature, suggesting active synergetic mechanisms to cope with fluctuating environments, while the other showed potential limitations in this regard. These findings highlight diatoms’ diverse strategies to optimize photosynthesis and manage light and thermal stress, providing insights into their potential responses to future climate scenarios. Furthermore, we demonstrate that using the method presented in this work we can functionally cluster different diatom species
Unlocking the potential of ChatGPT in detecting the XCO2 hotspot captured by orbiting carbon observatory-3 satellite.
Get PDFThis study assesses the practical implications of ChatGPT's ability to identify hotspots by comparing its performance to Geographical Information System (GIS) software in detecting CO2 sources and sinks observed by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) satellite. ChatGPT exhibited performance comparable to ArcGIS in both z-score statistics and spatial distribution patterns of XCO2 hot and cold spots. The results generated by ChatGPT showed a strong correlation with ArcGIS-generated hotspots, demonstrating a z-score correlation coefficient of R²=0.82 and a cosine similarity score of 0.90. As multimodal artificial intelligence becomes more prevalent in earth monitoring, ChatGPT is expected to be a valuable tool for identifying CO2 emission patterns, particularly for users who lack specialized GIS expertise. These findings establish a significant benchmark for ChatGPT's potential in this field, offering a novel approach to identifying area-wide spatial patterns of CO2 emissions compared to conventional GIS software
Quantum Register Machine: Efficient Implementation of Quantum Recursive Programs
Get PDFQuantum recursive programming has been recently introduced for describing sophisticated and complicated quantum algorithms in a compact and elegant way. However, implementation of quantum recursion involves intricate interplay between quantum control flow and recursive procedure calls. In this paper, we aim at resolving this fundamental challenge and develop a series of techniques to efficiently implement quantum recursive programs. Our main contributions include: 1. We propose a notion of quantum register machine, the first quantum architecture (including an instruction set) that provides instruction-level support for quantum control flow and recursive procedure calls at the same time. 2. Based on quantum register machine, we describe the first comprehensive implementation process of quantum recursive programs, including the compilation, the partial evaluation of quantum control flow, and the execution on the quantum register machine. 3. As a bonus, our efficient implementation of quantum recursive programs also offers automatic parallelisation of quantum algorithms. For implementing certain quantum algorithmic subroutine, like the widely used quantum multiplexor, we can even obtain exponential parallel speed-up (over the straightforward implementation) from this automatic parallelisation. This demonstrates that quantum recursive programming can be win-win for both modularity of programs and efficiency of their implementation
Adaptive Façades for High-Rise Residential Buildings: A Qualitative Analysis of the Design Parameters and Methods
No full textAdaptive facade design and construction have recently received significant attention in order to improve the performance of high-rise buildings. These facades have folded motions and the capability to rotate and reflect light based on enhanced energy efficiency principles. Still, their design, development characteristics and implementation techniques require further research, particularly for high-rise residential buildings. In that respect, this study aimed to identify parameters and methods of the design and construction of adaptive façades for high-rise residential buildings and to develop a conceptual framework of optimizing the associated energy performance. Utilizing a qualitative approach, this research integrated the relevant literature with expert interviews to achieve the aim of this research activity. The outcome of 15 semi-structured interviews containing inquiry elements into demographic information, adaptive façade characteristics, the methodological framework of the design and construction and energy performance of adaptive facades is reported and analyzed. The outcomes will assist architects and designers by providing a performance-based approach to achieve a well- designed adaptive façade in Australian residential high-rise buildings through the developed knowledge and framework
Cold-stored platelets: revisiting assumptions and addressing variability to support implementation.
Get PDFPlatelets are transfused to patients to prevent and stop bleeding. Conventionally, platelets are stored at room temperature (RT; 20-24 °C), however, this limits their shelf life to 5-7 days, due to an increased risk of bacterial proliferation at RT. In recent years, cold storage (2-6 °C) of platelets has regained interest, largely due to the potential to extend the shelf life up to 21 days. The historical use of cold-stored platelets and decades of foundational research has made their (re)implementation possible, with cold-stored platelets already being transfused in several countries, including the United States and Norway. However, as efforts continue to expand implementation, it is becoming increasingly evident that variations in processing methods from collection to transfusion, including the collection platform, storage solution and additional component modifications, may alter platelet characteristics during cold storage. This variability is largely overlooked and there is a need to recognize how these differences may affect clinical outcomes post-transfusion. This review outlines the assumptions that have been made regarding cold-stored platelets and discusses areas that require further consideration in an effort to inform future research and best practice
Chimera state in neural network with the Proportional–Integral–Derivative coupling
No full textThis study delves into the emergence of collective behaviors within a network comprising interacting cells. Each cell integrates a fixed number of neurons governed by an activation gradient based on Hopfield's model. The intra-cell interactions among neurons are local and directed, while inter-cell connections are facilitated through a PID (Proportional–Integral–Derivative) coupling mechanism. This coupling introduces an adaptable environmental variable, influencing the network dynamics significantly. Numerical simulations employing three neurons per cell across a network of fifty cells reveal diverse dynamics, including incoherence, coherence, synchronization, chimera states, and traveling wave. These phenomena are quantitatively assessed using statistical measures such as the order parameter, strength of incoherence, and discontinuity measure. Variations of the resistive, inductive, or capacitive couplings of the inter-cell environment are explored and their effects are analyzed. Furthermore, the study identifies multistability in network dynamics, characterized by the coexistence of multiple stable states for the same set of parameters but with different initial conditions. A linear augmentation strategy is employed for its control
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