Journal of Economics Bibliography
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Multiple working hypotheses for technology analysis
Get PDFAbstract. Technology analysis focuses on technology that is a complex system formed by different elements given by incremental and radical innovations to satisfy needs, achieve goals and/or solve problems of users to take advantage of important opportunities or to cope with consequential environmental threats. This study suggests a methods of inquiry, called multiple working hypotheses (MWHs), for technology analysis that consider the development, prior to research, of different hypotheses concerning the origin and evolution of technology, which are likely due to several causes, not just one. The MWHs presented here are categorized in traditional hypotheses, such as demand for technology hypothesis, Induced-innovation hypothesis, learning by doing hypothesis, learning via diffusion hypothesis, specialization via scale hypothesis, disadvantage of beginning hypothesis, path-dependence hypothesis, competitive substitution hypothesis, predator-prey hypothesis, and modern hypotheses such as killer technology hypothesis, parasite technologies hypothesis. Scholars of technology studies should consider all suggested hypotheses for technology analysis, also considering the possibility that none of them are correct and that some new explanations may emerge in more and more complex and turbulent environment.Keywords. Technology, Technological innovation, Technology analysis, Induced innovation, Learning by doing, Technological evolution, Nature of technology, Path dependence, Technological change, Technological progress, Technological parasitism, Technological advances, Killer technology, Evolution of technology, Multiple working hypotheses.JEL. O30, O31, O33
Intrinsic and extrinsic incentives to support motivation and performance of public organizations
Get PDFAbstract. In management, incentives are a reward to motivate people and create favorable conditions directed to achieve specific goals and support organizational development. This conceptual paper analyses differences between intrinsic and extrinsic incentives to suggest management implications directed to support motivation and performance of employees in public organizations.Keywords. Rewards, Motivation, Compensation, Pay, Reputation.JEL. N30, O30, O31, I23
History, policies and financial statements of the Irish currency commission and the Central Bank of Ireland (1927– 1979)
Get PDFAbstract. When Ireland gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1922, contrary to the recommendations offered by the League of Nations, the new country established a Currency Commission that operated similarly to a currency board rather than a central bank. I analyze the structure of the Currency Commission and describe the establishment of a central bank in the 1940s with limited monetary powers, then later a central bank with broader powers. I compare the legal structures and operations of the early Central Bank of Ireland and the Currency Commission balance sheet analysis and other approaches to conclude that there are distinct differences between a currency board and a central bank that operates like one.Keywords. Ireland, Central bank, Currency board, Balance sheet.JEL. E58, N24
Debt-output gap nexus in Nigeria: Does inflationary pressure matter?
Get PDFAbstract. The study examined the impact of external debt on economic growth in Nigeria using Extended Hausman Rodrick Valesco growth diagnostic framework and Three Gap Model. Annual time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin between 1981-2018 was regressed using the Augmented Dickey Fuller test (ADF) to check the stationary properties of the series, and the Engel-Granger Co-integration test to estimate the long-run relationship of the variables. The results show that external debt had negative impact on the Nigerian economy.Keywords. External debt, Economic growth, Economic development, Johansen Cointegration, Time series models, Nigeria.JEL. F34, F43, F63, C01
Theories of the evolution of technology based on processes of competitive substitution and multi-mode interaction between technologies
Get PDFAbstract. Evolution of technology is a stepwise advancement of a complex system of artifact, driven by interaction with sub-systems and other systems, considering technical choices, technical requirements and science advances, which generate new and/or improved products or processes for use or consumption to satisfy increasing needs and/or to solve complex problems of people in society. This study explains evolution of technology with two different approaches: theories based on processes of competitive substitution of a new technology for the old one and theories considering a multi-mode interaction between technologies, such as the theory of technological parasitism. These theories described here can encourage further theoretical and empirical exploration in the terra incognita of the evolution of technology to explain economic and social change in human society.Keywords. Evolution of technology, Technological evolution, Technological change, Technological progress, Technological advances, Technological parasitism.JEL. F34, F43, F63, C01
Notes on prosperity, poverty, and inequality in the era of globalization
Get PDFAbstract. A common question in academic debates is whether globalization exacerbates poverty and inequality on the planet. Many argue that globalization is indeed a force for adverse developments for humanity. The purpose of this study is to discuss the extent to which these approaches are valid. To achieve this goal, we first consider some valuable contributions to the study of the phenomena of poverty and inequality, and then we examine their statistical imprints throughout history by using available data. Empirical evidence does not show a dramatic increase in poverty or inequality, especially in the less developed countries on the planet: they reveal the opposite. In conclusion, we present some misconceptions in the articulation of a contemporary economic policy that appear to hinder effective solutions to tackle poverty and inequality.Keywords. Poverty, Inequality, Globalization, Misconceptions.JEL. I30, D63, F60
