12244 research outputs found
Sort by
Exploring high opioid prescriptions among nephrologists in the United States using machine learning algorithms
Get PDFBackground and aims:-
The opioid pandemic has contributed to deaths globally, and prescription opioids have played a crucial role in these deaths. Addressing overdose requires understanding the reasons behind prescription, especially in cases of chronic diseases. Several factors play a role in the increased prescription of opioids, relating to patients’ lifestyle, characteristics, and disease. As these factors are complex in nature, understanding them requires machine learning approach. This study explored overprescribing opioids among nephrologists in the US using unsupervised machine learning algorithms.
Design
Two types of unsupervised clustering were applied to the Medicare Provider Utilisation and Payment Data Part-D Prescriber Summary.
Setting:-
The dataset had 50,134 records with 85 features relating to opioids prescription per US state. Univariate and bivariate analysis were applied first to gain understanding of the data followed by K-mean clustering and Gaussian Mixture Models.
Findings:-
Unsupervised clustering showed that prescription issued to males were three times higher than those issued to females. Moreover, male nephrologists were higher prescribers than female nephrologists, and a third of male nephrologists were high prescribers of opioids. The highest rates of prescriptions were seen in California.
Conclusions:-
Unsupervised machine learning algorithms enabled understanding of high opioid prescription across gender and US state by analysing multiple features. Both K-mean clustering and Gaussian Mixture Models achieved the same outcomes. Future work will benefit from applying deep learning in order to understand in-depth patterns in prescription and contributing factors related to over-prescribing
Arts in education: the power of the arts in supporting children and young people’s mental health and wellbeing
No full textThe aim of this chapter is to reflect on the practice of the arts for increased wellbeing in educational settings and schools, outlining their importance, key issues and future directions. The discipline of the arts and health is critical in contemporary education and highlights how the arts are important across the lifespan. Creative arts interventions for children and young people are vital both inside and outside of school. This chapter focuses on creative research in School Without Walls and Forest of Imagination, both experimental sites for pedagogical innovation in Bath, United Kingdom. The chapter considers the impact of the arts and nature on wellbeing and mental health of children and young people
Co-developing and validating the I-SPARX Wellness Questionnaire: a community-driven psychometric study with Inuit youth in Nunavut
Get PDFInuit youth in Nunavut demonstrate resilience despite enduring inequities and unmet mental health needs shaped by colonial legacies. As Inuit communities prioritize youth mental wellness, actively engaging young people in research and developing culturally relevant assessment tools is critical. This study describes the collaborative process of designing an Inuit-specific well-being survey, the I-SPARX Wellness Questionnaire, and examines its psychometric properties. Eighteen Inuit youth council members and eight adult community members from five communities in Nunavut worked with a university-based research team to identify wellness themes essential for an outcome measure evaluating an online psychoeducational intervention. This collaboration resulted in a 39-item measure assessing the effectiveness of the I-SPARX serious game in supporting Inuit youth mental wellness. Data from 117 Inuit youth, ages 12–24, across Nunavut were analyzed to assess the measure’s reliability and factor structure. Results indicate strong psychometric properties, with high internal consistency and a three-factor model reflecting hope for the future, cognitive-behavioural strategies, and distress regulation. The I-SPARX Wellness Questionnaire, co-developed with Inuit youth, offers a culturally relevant, psychometrically sound tool for assessing mental wellness. This measure holds promise for future evaluations of cognitive-behavioural interventions and psycho-educational e-resources aimed at fostering the well-being of Inuit youth
Hijacking the digital backlash in education
Get PDFThis paper is a continuation of a panel discussion ‘The Digital Backlash in Education: Critical and Postdigital Perspectives’ where Sarah Hayes, Petar Jandrić, Felicitas Macgilchrist, and Neil Selwyn reflected on the current political pushback against digital technologies in schools. The panel was moderated by Ingrid Forsler and Saga Hansén, who also initiated this conversation to follow up on some of the themes raised in the discussion
‘HiFlo-DAT’: a flood hazard event-disaster database for the Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh, Indian Himalaya
Get PDF‘HiFlo-DAT’ (Himalayan Flood Database) contributes to the disaster risk reduction (DRR) agenda of developing methodologies for the assembly, analysis, and application of disaggregated/sub-national disaster loss data; here for mountain floods in the Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh, India. The HiFlo-DAT architecture is aligned to international best practice/local needs. It uses English-language documents, principally newspapers and government reports (1835–2020), and comprises 128 flood events, at 59 locations, over 175 years (1846–2020). This open-access database brings a substantial improvement over existing compilations. Subject to the fidelity of historical event recording, analyses highlight temporal/process patterns inclusive of flood-rich periods (1890–1900s; 1990s-present: 68 % of events), increasing flood occurrence towards the present, the prevalence of rainfall causation (55 %), and the dominance of summer monsoon flooding (June–September: 87 %). Spatially, of the 59 locations recording floods, 76 % record a single event, 24 % have two or more events, and four tributaries record 8–14 events. Key flood impact receptors were roads (55 floods), bridges (54 floods and 94 impacts) and vulnerable labourer-migrant communities (70 % fatalities and 83 % affected) notably associated with construction projects in remote/exposed locations. Key opportunities for policy and practice development include transference of the HiFlo-DAT methodology across the wider Indian Himalayan Region and trans-boundary basins; multi-disciplinary approaches to corroborate and extend documentary-based databases; improved access to public archive materials; routine integration of historical flood data into DRR/climate change adaptation management planning and infrastructure development design; and deeper multi-agency partnership to record contemporary flood impacts to provide effective data for current/future DRR
Xaman X live at The Jam Jar
No full textOngoing research into Non-Western approaches to writing, performing, documenting, producing and mixing live electronic music, combining traditional instrumentation from Mexico, Peru and Colombia with electronic music instruments.
This performance was significant as Xaman X supported the artist La Yegors during her Bristol show in her European Tour. She is a seminal artist from the Cumbia Digital scene spearheaded by ZZK records
Future-oriented pedagogies: a response to the challenges of today’s conflicts, the case of Colombia
No full textThis article explores the pedagogical
initiatives from three educational sites in
Colombia: the school, local library and
a women’s organisation. Their everyday
actions and strategies have opened
spaces for creating new futures outside
the rigidities of the armed conflict and its
legacy. Despite the difficulties, their efforts
are evident in the everyday lives of the
communities that keep struggling for peace
Artificial creativity and tools for understanding: music, creative labour and AI
Get PDFWhile implementations of AI are offering a range of solutions to support, stimulate and improve music creativity, production and distribution, the wider quest of AI research to understand and replicate intelligence is generating a number of compelling perspectives and implications. This chapter explores developments in AI and music so as to consider potential impacts on music production and creativity and to think more widely about the extent to which human creativity might also be ‘artificial’. The chapter engages with two key narratives. It examines the economist Daniel Susskind’s contention that the paradigm shift initiated by contemporary developments in AI will have significant consequences across human society, and it responds to the philosopher Reza Negarestani’s suggestion that developments in AI have already brought us to a new understanding of our own relationship with intelligence. The chapter concludes by reflecting on these two relationships – between AI and creative labour and between artificial and human intelligence – using the concept of ‘artificial creativity’ as a means to consider what AI’s use across a range of music-related contexts can tell us about the nature of creative processes
Four dimensions of self-directed learning: a fundamental meta-competence in a changing world
Get PDFSelf-directed learning is a core theoretical construct of adult learning. Importantly, self-directed learning represents a fundamental meta-competence for living and working in our increasingly complex and unpredictable world. Nonetheless, the construct of self-directed learning has become obfuscated. In order to redress this concern, this theoretical paper presents a model of Four Dimensions of Self-Directed Learning. The present paper highlights two original theoretical points (1) that there are four key dimensions of the self-directed learning construct, and (2) responsibility and self-regulation required for self-directed learning is not equivocal to that required for teacher-directed learning. Theoretically, the latter point may, in part, explain why practice of years of teacher-directed learning in formal schooling does not prepare persons for competent self-directed learning in adulthood. So, adult education represents a primary opportunity to foster self-directed learning competence in adult learners, but adult education practitioners must be ready to provide support to facilitate the process
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the healthy fading of emotions in autobiographical memory mediated via in-person social disclosures
Get PDFWe explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom upon the fading affect bias in autobiographical memory, which describes the greater fading of negative emotional intensity over time compared to positive. Across two studies we show that the magnitude of the FAB is smaller for pandemic-related events compared to pandemic-unrelated events. The FAB is thought to represent the result of healthy coping processes operating on autobiographical memory and our results indicate that these processes were disrupted, to a certain extent, by the pandemic. These effects were mediated by frequent in-person social disclosures of pleasant pandemic-unrelated events, which was, in turn, associated with less fading of positive affect. Further, the FAB for both pandemic-related and unrelated events was mediated by disclosures via social media. Together, these results highlight the potential effectiveness of using various modes of communication to facilitate emotional regulation processes in autobiographical memory