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Transforming multidrug-resistant tuberculosis care: The potentials of telemedicine in resource-limited settings
Get PDFMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a significant challenge in low-resource settings owing to limited healthcare access and quality. However, telemedicine can potentially improve healthcare delivery by overcoming geographical barriers. This comprehensive review aimed to provide an overview of the current trends in utilizing telemedicine for MDR-TB control in low-resource settings. A systemic literature search using electronic databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, was conducted to identify relevant articles on telemedicine and MDR-TB control in low-resource settings. The selected articles were analyzed and synthesized to provide a comprehensive overview of telemedicine's current trends and applications in MDR-TB control. Telemedicine allows remote screening and diagnosis, facilitating early detection and timely treatment, provides access to experts through teleconsultation, which ensures optimal treatment outcomes, fosters training and education of healthcare providers, and supports follow-up care through teleconsultation and remote monitoring. Furthermore, telemedicine integration with data collection methods can improve MDR-TB surveillance and intervention. Findings from this review show the potential of telemedicine to improve MDR-TB control and patient health in low-resource settings. This makes it a promising prevention and management option. However, successful implementation requires overcoming limitations such as connectivity, infrastructure, and cultural barriers. Telemedicine can considerably improve MDR-TB control and reduce disease burden in underserved populations by utilizing possibilities and addressing the challenges
Towards a Socially Just Mathematics Curriculum : A Theoretical and Practical Approach
No full textDrawing from many years of shared experiences in mathematics teaching and teacher education, the authors of Towards a Socially Just Mathematics Curriculum offer a pedagogical model that incorporates and introduces learners to new cultures, challenges stereotypes, uses mathematics to discuss and act for social justice, and develops a well-rounded and socially just pedagogy. Readers will be encouraged to reflect on their own teaching practice and to identify areas for development, creating a more inclusive and equal mathematics experience for all learners
Deep Learning Techniques for a Comprehensive Analysis of Fetal Biometric Parameters Across Trimesters
Get PDFThe process of creating fetal images from the uterus using sound influence is known as fetal ultrasound imaging. During this scan, measurements such as the gestational sac, biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length can be taken from the mother, which are further analyzed by the radiologist or gynecologist. These factors allow us to quickly test for anomalies and monitor the fetal growth and development of a baby. This paper delves into the techniques utilized in previous studies for analyzing abnormalities from ultrasound images using machine learning and deep learning techniques. Specifically, we focus on two trimesters and three key fetal parameters: Head Circumference (HC), Abdominal Circumference (AC), and Femur Length (FL). Our proposed method, the Unet segmentation method, not only performs segmentation but also predicts the parameters. We employ various transfer learning techniques for classification. The experiment involves 1,313 medical fetal images, comprising 563 from the second trimester and 750 from the third trimester. In terms of segmentation accuracy, the results for the second trimester's biometric parameters are as follows: AC = 69.09%, FL = 92.02%, and HC = 69.43%. For the third trimester, the accuracy for FL is 90.04%, and for HC, it is 69.76%. Regarding classification methods, MobileNet and XceptionNet yield comparable results. For the second trimester, MobileNet achieves 99.28%, and XceptionNet achieves 99.82%. For the third trimester, both MobileNet and XceptionNet achieve 99.86%
Reduced‐Order Probabilistic Emulation of Physics‐Based Ring Current Models: Application to RAM‐SCB Particle Flux
Get PDFIn this work, we address the computational challenge of large‐scale physics‐based simulation models for the ring current. Reduced computational cost allows for significantly faster than real‐time forecasting, enhancing our ability to predict and respond to dynamic changes in the ring current, valuable for space weather monitoring and mitigation efforts. Additionally, it can also be used for a comprehensive investigation of the system. Thus, we aim to create an emulator for the Ring current‐Atmosphere interactions Model with Self‐Consistent magnetic field (RAM‐SCB) particle flux that not only improves efficiency but also facilitates forecasting with reliable estimates of prediction uncertainties. The probabilistic emulator is built upon the methodology developed by Licata and Mehta (2023), https://doi.org/10.1029/2022sw003345. A novel discrete sampling is used to identify 30 simulation periods over 20 years of solar and geomagnetic activity. Focusing on a subset of particle flux, we use Principal Component Analysis for dimensionality reduction and Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks to perform dynamic modeling. Hyperparameter space was explored extensively resulting in about 5% median symmetric accuracy across all data sets for one‐step dynamic prediction. Using a hierarchical ensemble of LSTMs, we have developed a reduced‐order probabilistic emulator (ROPE) tailored for time‐series forecasting of particle flux in the ring current. This ROPE offers accurate predictions of omnidirectional flux at a single energy with no pitch angle information, providing robust predictions on the test set with an error score below 11% and calibration scores under 8% with bias under 2% providing a significant speed up as compared to the full RAM‐SCB run
Autistic Adults' Priorities for Future Autism Employment Research: Perspectives from the United Kingdom
Get PDFBackground: A growing body of research has sought to understand autistic people's research priorities. Several of these studies have identified employment as a key research priority. Yet, there have been a few attempts to identify specific, actionable priorities within this area.
Methods: Using an online survey, we asked 197 autistic people in the United Kingdom about their priorities for future autism-employment research.
Results: Participants spoke of their challenges in gaining and sustaining meaningful employment and called for researchers to conduct research that results in direct improvements to employment experiences. Regarding their research priorities, participants indicated a need for research covering all aspects of the employment lifecycle from accessing employment to transitioning out of employment. Importantly, participants also discussed how such research should be conducted: with autistic people as co-researchers and ensuring a diverse range of autistic people are listened to.
Conclusion: While much existing autism-employment research appears to align with the priorities outlined in this study, seemingly minimal attention has been paid to later stages of the work lifecycle (e.g., progressing into more senior job roles or transitioning out of work). By identifying disparities between autistic people's priorities and the research being conducted, we can support autistic people to drive the research agenda and ensure autism-employment research positively impacts the community it aims to serve
Leader ‘leadership’ perceptions within a Luxury Hotel environment
Get PDFThis study considers the role of leadership within the hospitality sector as a key tool in raising performance levels. Hospitality is unique in its service-based approach reliant on employees to ensure an effective service. Post Covid-19 and Brexit, the hospitality sector has seen a shift in reliance towards a home workforce and as such retention has become an area of greater importance. This case study investigation adopted a qualitative approach to consider perceptions of six managers within a UK based luxury hotel. Semi-structured interviews were used to draw out their experience of approaches used to ensure effective delivery in their areas of responsibility. The research concludes a shift in leadership approach (autocratic to democratic) as a necessity to retain staff, particularly as the shift to a greater reliance on a home workforce due to Covid-19 and Brexit starting to impact the sector. There does however remain a need to be more autocratic in certain situations to ensure quality of service remains. Subsequently. communication becomes critical in the building of relationships. The research considers leadership approaches from the managerial perspective and is based on individual perceptions. Traditionally research has been conducted from the employee perspective
Exploring the Final Frontier of Criminology, Criminal Justice and Ethics Scholars Together in Outer Space
No full textThis introductory chapter lays the groundwork for exploring the intricate intersection of space crime, criminal justice, and ethical considerations. As humanity ventures beyond terrestrial boundaries, it is necessary to deliver an examination of space as a novel frontier for criminal activity, where traditional concepts of justice and ethics encounter unique complexities. Next to setting the stage for a deeper exploration of the multifaceted dynamics shaping the evolving landscape of space crime, criminal justice and ethical dilemmas, this chapter introduces the contributing authors to this book
The common factors underlying successful international branch campuses: towards a conceptual decision-making framework
Get PDFThe last 25 years have witnessed the emergence of the International Branch Campus (IBC) as a means of providing Transnational Higher Education (TNE). The growth in the number of IBCs has not been without examples of failure and in some cases controversy, necessitating informed decision-making on the part of university leaders contemplating such a venture. Based on a systematic review of literature concerning the motivations for establishing IBCs; the drivers of sustainability and longevity; and case studies of successful and unsuccessful ventures by UK universities, this paper identifies key characteristics of successful IBCs. It proposes a framework – combining strategic, leadership, academic, financial and operational factors – for use by decision-makers in determining whether to establish and how to manage an IBC