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Perfectionism, School Burnout, and School Engagement in Gifted Students: The Role of Stress
Get PDFThere is evidence that many gifted students set unrealistically high personal standards and that such perfectionistic tendencies may lead to higher stress. To build on this evidence, we examined whether performance perfectionism and school stress influence school burnout and school engagement in gifted students. A sample of 342 gifted students (Mage = 16.27, SD = 0.49) completed the study measures. Using structural equation modelling, we found that dimensions of performance perfectionism indirectly predicted school burnout and engagement via school stress. When gifted students reported that they expected themselves to perform perfectly at school, or that others expected them to perform perfectly at school, they reported more school stress. In turn, higher levels of school stress were related to increased school burnout and decreased school engagement. The management of performance perfectionism and school stress is therefore important when it comes to supporting and safeguarding gifted students
Relational Research as Disruptive Practice: the Need for Democratic Methodologies in an Era of Democratic Fragility
No full textIn this editorial, we argue for the urgent need for democratic methodologies in education research in a time of global upheaval, increasing populism, and authoritarianism. We outline how neoliberalism has narrowed pluralism, education, and in turn democracy, proposing that research that is relational and disruptive in nature can counter this trend, and develop democracy, whether in the micro, meso, or macro. Moreover, we believe that democratic methodologies are about ‘more than research’. They are necessarily political, offering research methods that can support the growing global call for new approaches to socioeconomic policymaking and practices that reject the promotion of narrow, individualistic capitalist concerns and are instead based on unifying collaborative, relational values that are, we argue, vital in an increasingly divided world. After establishing our case for democratic methodologies, we explore the articles that are contained in this Special Issue. Presenting innovative international research perspectives, the collection explores how research methodologies can actively further democratic principles. The articles represent an intersectional approach, addressing critical social issues including disability research, decolonization, LGBTQIA+ resistance, youth climate engagement, and educational participation. By highlighting diverse research experiences, this editorial demonstrates how research methodologies can serve as a powerful mechanism for furthering democracy, even amid a progressively divisive political landscape
Investigating the effect of mental imagery-based future episodic simulation on subsequent behavioral engagement in depressed, dysphoric, and nondepressed individuals.
Get PDFPrevious work has suggested that mental imagery may represent a useful strategy for motivating goal-directed behaviors. Given that individuals experiencing depression symptoms have low motivation to engage in pleasurable activities, this study aimed to explore the effect of mental imagery on activity engagement for pleasurable activities in nondepressed, dysphoric, and depressed individuals (N = 163). Participants selected four activities they wished to engage in and rated expected outcomes and anticipated emotions relating to activity completion before and after mental elaboration of each activity using either mental imagery or verbal reasoning. Over the following week, utilizing ecological momentary assessment, participants recorded the frequency with which they engaged in their chosen activities. Results showed both conditions led to similar levels of behavioral engagement, across all participants, suggesting that both tasks may influence behavioral engagement. Research is now needed to investigate the underlying mechanism/s by which behavioral engagement is occurring. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved
Global Approaches to Supporting Mental Health and Resettlement for Veterans With Embodied Trauma: A Comprehensive Scoping Review
Get PDFObjectives: Military veterans face significant holistic challenges when leaving military services and resettling back into the community. Recent research has shown that veterans experience higher rates of mental health difficulties than the general population and experience poorer treatment outcomes. The aim of this comprehensive scoping review was to map out the current therapeutic interventions used to support mental health care and resettlement for veterans across the globe, proposing key themes, noting any gaps and limitations. Method: We followed a five‐staged scoping review protocol to map the existing landscape of the veteran mental health research literature regarding therapeutic and resettlement interventions, identifying key themes by: (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying the relevant literature, (3) selecting the studies, (4) charting the data and (5) collating, summarising, and reporting the results. Results: Results show a decline in publications regarding veteran mental health and resettlement interventions since 2018, the Americentric, ‘WEIRD’ nature of the research base, and preference for individualised, technology‐based psychological interventions, with a lack of culturally‐informed, community‐focused, relational research. Conclusion: This work highlights an urgent need for further non‐Westernised research into holistic psychological interventions which relationally support the culturally diverse needs of veterans resettling back into their communities across the globe. It also advocates for a holistic bio‐psycho‐social‐sexual‐spiritual‐existential approach to the needs of each veteran, using a culturally‐informed, relational and community‐based assessment, formulation, and treatment plan for embodied trauma, moving beyond the pathologisation of dis‐ease, and mobilising the traumatised self back into the body, relationship and community
Exercise as a transdiagnostic intervention for improving mental health: An umbrella review.
Get PDFExercise is beneficial for mental health in general, but no review has systematically assessed its potential transdiagnostic nature, i.e. whether it is beneficial across specific disorders. We performed a systematic umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise in participants with mental disorders defined according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), assessing exercise's transdiagnostic nature with TRANSD criteria, including eight meta-analyses (six included in the TRANSD meta-analysis), encompassing 99 RCTs (n = 5,656) across 11 disorders. Moderate/vigorous aerobic exercise was an effective transdiagnostic intervention for disease-specific primary symptoms across 11 disorders (recurrent depressive disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, brief psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, schizophreniform disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and four spectra (depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders) with a medium effect size (SMD = -0.67, 95%CI = -0.84, -0.50). Moderate/vigorous aerobic exercise also improved cognition across two disorders (schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and two spectra (schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders), with a large effect size (SMD = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.52, 1.33). According to TRANSD criteria, moderate/vigorous aerobic exercise is a transdiagnostic intervention to improve disease-specific primary symptoms of 11 mental disorders, and cognition in two mental disorders. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Meanings of autistic rituals and routines: using personal explanations written by autistic bloggers to improve inclusion
Get PDFRituals and routines are used to define autism. However, descriptions that come from diagnostic manuals exclude many people from being recognised as autistic initially, and exclude others from owning a positive autistic identity. Different examples and descriptions of these behaviours are missing from clinical guidelines. Autistic people provide valuable updates to how repetitive behaviours can be understood. This study supplements outdated and stereotyped examples of rituals and routines with personal explanations given by individuals who identify as autistic. A systematic search and mixed methods analysis of blog data was carried out using corpus-based and meta-ethnographic methods. These methods may interest researchers wishing to represent perspectives that are often omitted from research. A systematic search was used to locate qualitative descriptions of rituals and routines in personal narratives in blog data. Blogs were written by 40 adults who reported being autistic. Corpus-based analysis showed illustrative examples of rituals and routines, and meta-ethnography provided a line-of-argument synthesis for how and why these behaviours were used. Importantly, all repetitive behaviours were chosen personally by the autistic authors; they achieved a sense of control over their world. Benefits included in-moment recharging of energy and reliable ways to anticipate and reduce overwhelm. Rituals and routines used were likened to being an island, escape, or traffic light. These qualities underpinned different appearances of behaviours, including using lists, routines, rules, step-by-step guides, and schedules, stimming movements, exercising, dancing, and engagement in interests. Many different repetitive behaviours showed the specific demands placed on these authors in different environments. Underpinning functions of the repetitive behaviours were consistent over changeable times and places. The findings destigmatise autistic identity by recognising meaningful behaviours used as part of everyday life, rather than seeing autistic differences as problematic by default. This understanding can be used to inform assessment decisions and therapeutic supports that affect autistic people
Osteomyelitis in complicated bones: the role of FDG PET/CT
No full textOsteomyelitis in infections encompasses heterogeneous group of condition that frequently have high morbidity and comes at a huge cost to healthcare system. Accurate and early diagnosis is important for the proper management of the condition. FDG PET/CT has been found useful in the osteomyelitis of complicated bones, including prosthetic joint infections, fracture related infections and sternal wound infections. The altered anatomy and the replacement of marrow in some cases of metallic implant makes the use of anatomic-based methods less optimal. FDG PET/CT has been found to be useful under these circumstances, however, it also has its own limitation of lack of specificity especially due to inflammation. Recent meta-analysis of the role of FDG PET/CT in complicated osteomyelitis have result in the validation defined the indications for its use. This has led to the publication of best use criteria and recommendations of by joint committees of major nuclear medicine societies.
KEY WORDS: Positron emission tomography computed tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Bone fractures; Osteomyelitis; Joint prosthesi
The ongoing impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on adolescents’ (11-18 years) mental health and wellbeing in the UK: a scoping review
Get PDFThis paper reports on the findings of a study into the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and wellbeing of young people aged 11–18 years in the UK. The study also explored the key factors contributing to any negative ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people’s mental health and wellbeing, and their self-care and coping strategies to counter these impacts. The research adopted a scoping review approach using a staged framework – identifying the research question; identifying relevant studies; study selection; charting the data; and collating, analysing and reporting the results. Based on the findings of the study, five priorities for action were proposed to improve young people’s mental health and wellbeing in the post-pandemic era: (1) to identify ways in which young people can be brought to the table in the formulation of policy responses to crises impacting on their lives; (2) to recognise the importance of policy responses targeted at the specific needs of different groups; (3) to prioritise resources to enable connectedness to school and relationships to be nurtured and sustained; (4) to spotlight the need for greater clarity regarding the roles of teachers in supporting young people’s mental health within a system of support and (5) to vigorously support the value of an equal focus on academic achievement and wellbeing in schools, an inclusive, holistic curriculum which balances all learning domains and rethinks the pressures of current assessment and testing regimes and implications for young people’s wellbeing
