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A Practical Taxonomy of TAS-related Usecase Scenarios
No full textThis paper proposes a taxonomy of experimental usecase scenarios to facilitate research into trustworthy autonomous systems (TAS). Unable to identify an open-access repository of usecases to support our research, the project team embarked on development of an online library where fellow researchers would be able to find, share and recommend usecases to other practitioners in the field. To organise the library’s content, we needed a taxonomy and, informed by a commitment to responsible research and innovation (RRI), we prioritised stakeholder involvement to shape its development. Conflict arose, however, between the project team’s objective—a rigorous taxonomy focused on surfacing genuine “benchmarks” that can be used to test a multiplicity of variables in a range of domains under differing experimental conditions—and stakeholder expectation that the library would provide details of particular studies and results. How then can we reconcile project requirements with stakeholder preferences? A practical solution has to be found
Music for Social Impact: Future directions for practitioners and the field
No full textIn March 2023, Guildhall School of Music and Drama, The Culture Health and Wellbeing Alliance (CHWA) and London Arts and Health (LAH), came together to present a day exploring Music for Social Impact: Future directions for practitioners and the field. Hosted as part of a 3-year international AHRCfunded research project titled Music for Social Impact (MFSI), this day-long event included presentations, roundtable discussions and networking moments bringing together practitioners, funders, policy makers and researchers. The day included insights shared from representatives of Arts Council England, Culture Health and Wellbeing Alliance, Guildhall School of Music and Drama (Guildhall School), Raw Material and Youth Music. This report foregrounds the rich insights and perspectives from those working in/with/for participatory music practices in a variety of roles, by sharing key insights and discussions spanning a range of topics and considerations for the future direction of participatory music practices
Paternal Leave Entitlement and Workplace Culture: A Key Challenge to Paternal Mental Health
Get PDFPaternal mental health continues to be a health concern in the UK. Paternal leave entitlement and workplace cultures have failed to support fathers in navigating the complexity of fatherhood, which has an impact on fathers’ wellbeing. Interviewing twenty fathers in the York area, this study seeks to explore the impact of parental leave entitlements and workplace cultures on fathers’ mental health. The findings demonstrate that the influence of gendered norms and hegemonic masculinity perceptions are ingrained in the current leave entitlement and workplace cultures. While fathers are entitled to take leave, the leave is significantly insufficient to allow them to forge a meaningful bond with a newborn or adapt to the change in routine brought about by the birth of a baby. Furthermore, workplace cultures fail to recognise the responsibilities that come with fatherhood and provide insufficient support for fathers. The COVID-19 lockdown presented fathers with a unique opportunity to be available and take on more family responsibilities. Fathers felt they did not have to navigate gendered and hegemonic perceptions to spend more time with the family. This paper challenges structural and cultural barriers that prevent fathers from taking leave and impacting negatively on fathers’ mental health. The paper suggests a review of the current paternal leave entitlement and cultural change in the workplace
Physical activity accrued whilst golf caddying
Get PDFGolf caddies are involved in golf at all levels of the game; however, little research has considered the physical activity (PA) accrued working in this profession. Importantly, the PA from playing golf can improve aspects of health; therefore, caddying may provide a PA that elicits similar benefits. This study, therefore, assessed the PA accrued whilst golf caddying. Eleven male caddies wore a PA monitor for 7-days and recorded time spent caddying while walking the 18-hole course at Carnoustie Golf Links, Scotland. Per day, caddies spent 224 minutes (58%) of their time caddying in light-intensity PA and 115 minutes (30%) of their time caddying in moderate-to-vigorous PA, accumulating 15480±4089 steps. Caddying accumulates enough moderate-to-vigorous PA across a week to exceed current PA guidelines, and the step count accrued is classified as highly active. Caddying can provide PA that has the potential to provide health benefits
Shortlists of workplace support for autistic employees: a freelisting study in the UK
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Employment prospects are poor for autistic adults, despite their abilities and desire to work.
OBJECTIVE: In this study, autistic and non-autistic employees gave shortlists of positive contributions of autistic employees, workplace difficulties and any adjustments being made to support autistic employees in the United Kingdom, UK. This aimed to provide routine and achievable good practice examples.
METHOD: An online questionnaire was completed by 98 employees, mostly from the education sector. Freelisting methodology was implemented, which is a qualitative interviewing and data analysis technique whereby participants give their answers to survey questions as lists, to identify priority answers for a particular group.
RESULTS: Consensus analysis showed that workplaces agreed on ways that autistic employees contribute positively to the workplace, including approaching workplace tasks from a different angle, attention to detail and contributing innovative and creative thinking. The main difficulties for autistic employees were noise and communication differences relative to non-autistic peers. Despite agreed difficulties and positive contributions, autistic and non-autistic employees reported usual practice in their workplaces as there being no reasonable adjustments made.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings show the need for investment into inclusive and supportive workplaces, and call for further research into good employment practices as identified by autistic employees
Navigating wasta in business practices in Lebanon
Get PDFFaced with severe social, political, and economic challenges, Lebanon is described as a weak state. Argued to be a key factor weakening the formal institutions there, is the prevalent practice of wasta. This article seeks to answer two questions: (1) Why is wasta prevalent in a business environment characterised by weak formal institutions, such as Lebanon? (2) How can managers navigate the use of wasta in the Lebanese business context where it prevails, avoiding its negative outcomes while utilizing its positive outcomes? Fourteen semi‐structured interviews were conducted of managers from the Lebanese industrial sector. The findings highlight that wasta is used due to the networked nature of Lebanese society, economic hardship, widespread corruption and to maintain power. It was found that wasta could be beneficial in securing jobs, removing red tape, and gaining employment for humanitarian reasons. Finally, the negative outcomes of using wasta were found to include the employment of unqualified individuals, a reduction of organizations' productivity and a further weakening of formal institutions
Stigma, Outsider Status and Mothers in Prison
Get PDFDrawing on Elias’s work on established-outsider figurations, stigmatisation and the civilising process, this study explores the narratives of women, who are mothers of children under the age of 18 years old, in one female prison in England, United Kingdom. We conducted 31 in-depth interviews as well as three focus groups with 26 different women, exploring their experiences of being an imprisoned mother as well as staying in contact with their children from prison. Moreover, we interviewed 15 members of staff. Our findings highlight the stigmatised ‘outsider’ nature that is ascribed to mothers in prison which is reinforced by the prison environment and figurations between mothers and prison staff. By highlighting the stigmatised and outsider positioning of mothers in prison, this research has significance for practice and policy. Improving support for imprisoned mothers and the development of non-stigmatising, more inclusive, compassionate institutions and compassionate responses are thus required
Operationalizing Collaborative Business Models: A Practitioner Capabilities Lens
Get PDFThis paper offers insight into the boundary-spanning practitioners and the operationalization of their capabilities that are critical to sustainable value co-creation, delivery, and capture within collaborative business models. Few empirical studies have focused on the concept of collaborative business models - those business models in which value is co-created, delivered, and captured between practitioners outside the boundaries of a single firm - and research into the dynamic/ordinary capabilities of their boundary-spanning practitioners appears neglected. The study is centered on three firms that form a solutions collaborative (public-private) business model. A case study methodology is deployed to examine the firms as three embedded units of analysis. The data sources consist of semi-structured interviews supplemented by archives of publications. The findings advance understanding of practitioner dynamic/ordinary capabilities in solutions collaborative business models that are critical to support value co-creation, delivery, and capture
Regarding the article entitled "Effect of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on annual rate of lung function decline in people with cystic fibrosis".
No full textQuantified Grapho-Phonemic Systematicity in Korean Hangeul
Get PDFHangeul, the Korean orthography is well known for its scientific design that emphasizes the link between sounds
and letter shapes. However, it hasn‟t been asked so far „how systematic‟ it is. We quantify, for the first time, the
grapho-phonemic systematicity of hangeul. We defined Korean phonemes as binary vectors according to
articulatory features and then measured the pairwise phonemic distance between phonemes using multiple
methods. We measured the pairwise visual distance between letter shapes by (a) stroke share rate, which reflects
the original principles of hangeul‟s creation, and (b) Hausdorff distance (Huttenlocher et al., 1993), which
measures topological difference between images. We then tested the correlation between the phonological
distances and the corresponding orthographical distances. Positive correlations clearly indicated that similar
letters tend to have similar pronunciations in Korean hangeul. Stroke share rate maximizes hangeul‟s
grapho-phonemic systematicity. Hausdorff distance, an initial step in the detailed quantifying of visual distance,
allows similar calculations to be carried out with any hangeul font and with any other orthography (Jee, Tamariz,
& Shillcock, 2021; 2022a; 2022b). Consciously designed to be phonologically transparent, hangeul can be
considered as the gold standard of grapho-phonemic systematicity. We discuss the implications of this
systematicity