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What makes an individual inclusive of others? Development of the individual inclusiveness inventory
No full textIntroduction: Collaboration and inclusion are key drivers of successful work outcomes in today’s increasingly diverse workforce. Yet, while organizational inclusion has been widely studied, less is known about what makes an individual inclusive of others at work. We define an inclusive individual as someone who actively includes others in a group, values diversity of thought and background, and fosters group performance and productivity. To address this gap, we develop and validate a new measure: the Individual Inclusiveness Inventory. Methods: Using a combined deductive and inductive approach, we generated scale items based on a review of the inclusion literature and qualitative interviews with 14 diversity and inclusion experts. We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on responses from two samples of working professionals in the UK. Results: The analyses revealed a two-factor solution. The first factor, Belonging and Uniqueness, captures the ability to foster a sense of belonging while valuing individuals’ distinctiveness. The second factor, Challenge and Openness, reflects openness to diverse perspectives and willingness to engage in and accept constructive challenge. Both factors demonstrated good reliability. Predictive validity analyses showed that Challenge and Openness was positively associated with all measured work outcomes, including income. Belonging and Uniqueness was positively associated with the number of people managed, perceived seniority, and happiness at work. Discussion: Our findings suggest that individual inclusiveness is multi-dimensional and differentially predictive of work outcomes. Challenge and Openness appears closely linked to productivityrelated outcomes, likely due to its association with innovation and competitiveness. Belonging and Uniqueness, while less predictive of productivity, is important for relational outcomes such as team cohesion and well-being. These insights have implications for talent development and inclusive leadership training
Inescapable objects? Automobility and everyday disorder in an English town
No full textIn our study of everyday security in one English town (Macclesfield in north-west England), numerous sources of data suggest that annoyance about cars—their volume, speed, (bad) parking, presence at the school gate, and overall effect on the quality and character of everyday life in the town—loom large in the preoccupations of local people. It has been common in work on public insecurities—including, we should add, our own study of the same town twenty-five years earlier (Girling et al. Crime and Social Change in Middle England, Routledge, Abingdon, 2000)—to marginalize such car-related concerns from consideration of the social meanings of place, disorder and public safety and hence from sociological attention. But what happens if, instead, we attend closely to the ways in which people in this English town have come to notice cars and treat automobility as a consequential component of their sense of the town as being or not being a safe and liveable place. In this paper, we document and make sense of certain framings of the car’s prominent place in the local harmscape and consider what is at stake in the competing ways in which automobility is spoken about as an agent of everyday disorder
Strongly connected orientations and integer lattices
No full textLet D=(V,A) be a digraph whose underlying graph is 2-edge-connected, and let P be the polytope whose vertices are the incidence vectors of arc sets whose reversal makes D strongly connected. We study the lattice theoretic properties of the integer points contained in a proper face F of P not contained in {x:x a=i} for any a∈A,i∈{0,1}. We prove under a mild necessary condition that F∩{0,1} A contains an integral basisB, i.e., B is linearly independent, and any integral vector in the linear hull of F is an integral linear combination of B. This result is surprising as the integer points in F do not necessarily form a Hilbert basis. In proving the result, we develop a theory similar to Matching Theory for degree-constrained dijoins in bipartite digraphs. Our result has consequences for head-disjoint strong orientations in hypergraphs, and also to a famous conjecture by Woodall that the minimum size of a dicut of D, say τ, is equal to the maximum number of disjoint dijoins. We prove a relaxation of this conjecture, by finding for any prime number p≥2, a p-adic packing of dijoins of value τ and of support size at most 2|A|. We also prove that the all-ones vector belongs to the lattice generated by F∩{0,1} A, where F is the face of P satisfying x(δ +(U))=1 for every minimum dicut δ +(U)
Introduction to the special issue: conflict and coordination in the cost-of-living crisis
No full textThis special issue analyses governments’ and social partners’ responses to the cost-of-living crisis of 2021–2023, and dynamics of coordination and conflict underlying them. The study of inflation responses needs updating. First, because compared to the 1970s–1980s, the recent inflation crisis was hardly intensified by high wage demands. Secondly, because industrial relations and collective bargaining institutions have over the last three decades undergone liberalisation reforms that have eroded coordination capacities. Contributions to this special issue show cross-country variation in real wage dynamics, inflation’s distributional impacts and governments’ policies to tackle them. The interaction between government policies, collective bargaining institutions and social partners’ strategies largely accounts for this variation. In most cases, governments no longer coordinate with social partners nor use them to enforce wage restraint to internalise inflation shocks. Rather, governments actively manage inflation through direct intervention, framing policies and steering them to either shield competitiveness, support domestic demand or reduce inequalities
The future of aid and what nextgen aid jobs might look like
No full textDuncan Green explores the future of the aid sector and the prospects for nextgen aid workers at LSE and beyond. He argues that such is the scale of the devastation, recent graduates may be best advised to identify the more resilient players, like private foundations, or look for jobs outside the sector that will give them relevant experience for whatever system emerges from the wreckage
The world has changed, but the urgency of building a clean and resilient UK hasn't
No full textRachel Reeves delivered her Spring Statement on 26 March, laying out her plans to adjust policy to meet her fiscal targets in a changing world. Daisy Jameson and Esin Serin argue that the Statement involved avoidable trade-offs – including cuts to international climate spending – resulting in part from sticking rigidly to self-imposed fiscal rules despite new geopolitical realities. Going forward, the increased focus on defence should not come at the expense of urgent investment in clean energy and resilience at home or abroad
Episodic memory in animals
No full textDo animals have episodic memory—the kind of memory which gives us rich details about particular past events—or is this uniquely human? This might look like an empirical question, but is attracting increasing philosophical attention. We review relevant behavioural evidence, as well as drawing attention to neuroscientific and computational evidence which has been less discussed in philosophy. Next, we distinguish and evaluate reasons for scepticism about episodic memory in animals. In the process, we articulate three pressing philosophical issues underlying these sceptical arguments, which should be the focus of future work. The Problem of Interspecific Variation asks which differences between humans and animal memory mean that an animal has a variant of episodic memory, and which mean that it has a different kind of memory altogether. The Problem of Functional Variation asks how we should conceptualise the functions of episodic memory and other capacities across species and across evolutionary time. Finally, the Problem of Alternatives asks what, besides episodic memory, might explain the evidence—and how we should evaluate competing explanations
Policy and cancer care
No full textCancer is a major challenge for health systems worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Each year, the disease is responsible for an estimated 10 million deaths annually.1 Approximately one-third of cancer deaths are the result of lifestyle factors highlighting the urgent need for effective prevention, public health, and early detection.1 In low and middle-income countries, 30% of cases are the result of cancer-causing infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis.1 As treatments ameliorate and more patients survive cancer there are also wider issues of long-term impact on health systems