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The antecedents and moderators of online privacy disclosure perceptions and behaviours
No full textThis thesis explores antecedents, contextual factors and mechanisms of individual privacy disclosure perceptions, intentions and behaviours in digital environments. The research examines the role of time pressure, engagement format, as well as the impact of sequential privacy disclosure, where individuals disclose information at multiple and connected decision stages. This thesis also aims to explore the role of personality traits (BIG5) in privacy disclosure behaviours. First, results from the large-scale online randomised controlled trial (RCT) experiments (n=2776) indicate that under time pressure, individuals decrease the disclosure of sensitive information, suggesting the presence of a trade-off between speed and privacy. Second, individuals’ willingness to disclose sensitive information is also reduced when engaging with service agents (e.g. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based, Human or hybrid Human AI teams) compared to non-agent-based engagement formats such as traditional web forms, as demonstrated by an online behavioural experiment (n=3176). This effect remains consistent for one-off and multiple engagement scenarios where sensitive information disclosure occurs. Finally, using the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach, I build a theoretical construct integrating personality traits, privacy concerns, and disclosure behaviours, showing that conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness elevate privacy concerns that drive privacy behaviours. Taken together, these findings extend the Antecedents-Privacy Concerns-Outcome (APCO) theoretical framework (Smith et al., 2011) by incorporating personality traits as another antecedent and demonstrating new boundary conditions under which individuals disclose sensitive information. They also highlight the importance of evidence-based and informed policymaking in the context of privacy regulation that should focus on the long-term aspects of privacy disclosure behaviours, especially with the steadfast advancement of AI. Furthermore, when building privacy-related user-centric experiences, organisations should focus on building a better understanding of individual characteristics to drive personalisation and strive to find the right balance between solutions that foster innovation, boost trust and reduce perceived risks of data sharing
Replication Data for: Do Multi-dimensional Quotas Improve Social Equality? Intersectional Representation & Group Relations
No full textCan quotas mandating descriptive political representation effectively address social hierarchy? Quotas are typically utilized to resolve gender hierarchies that support women's exclusion from political power. Yet social hierarchy is multi-dimensional. Mandating political inclusion on one identity (gender) may be insufficient. We posit that quotas mandating representation on two dimensions (ethnicity and gender) disrupt multi-dimensional hierarchy, improving inter-group relations beyond one-dimensional gender quotas. We analyze the causal effect of the world's largest quota system, with quasi-random quotas for women, disadvantaged ethnicities, and women from disadvantaged ethnicities in India. Utilizing multiple datasets covering India since quota imposition, we find one-dimensional gender quotas temporarily lessen hierarchical barriers to inter-group interactions in public whereas one-dimensional ethnic quotas worsen interactions. However, two-dimensional quotas consistently diminish public and private hierarchy, durably improving inter-group relations. Suggestive evidence indicates this relationship travels globally. Our results highlight the opportunities, and limitations, in using descriptive representation to improve social relation
Replication data for: Vacancy Duration and Wages
No full textReview of Economics and Statistics: Forthcoming
Replication Data for: 'The political effects of communicative interventions during crises'
No full textReplication Data for: 'The political effects of communicative interventions during crises', European Journal of Political Researc
Directional high frequency trading in the Kyle-Back model
Get PDFIn traditional Kyle-Back models, the only source of information is a static or dynamic signal about the price of a risky asset received by the insider. We consider a more realistic version of the Kyle-Back model with a private and a public signal. The insider builds a linear combination of the public and private signals to make their valuation about the risky asset. The market maker uses the public signal and the total demand to set a linear pricing rule that is a martingale on their filtration. We show that any optimal strategy in equilibrium is such that the mispricing, the difference between the price process and the insider’s valuation, converges to zero almost surely in the insider’s probability measure. We introduce a particular linear admissible trading strategy to show the existence of equilibrium in the economy. Moreover, we use numerical analysis to show that the insider’s ex-ante expected profit relies on the public signal and how this setting is able to explain a high-frequency trading pattern at the end of the trading period
Towards more interpretable factor analysis: a focus on sparsity and uncertainty
Get PDFExploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is a statistical technique for uncovering latent structures in multivariate data by modelling observed variables as linear combinations of unobserved factors. For interpretability, estimated loading matrices are often rotated to achieve sparsity, but existing rotation methods may lack sufficient accuracy or computational efficiency. This thesis introduces a new family of rotation criteria for recovering loading matrices with varying sparsity in EFA, based on component‑wise Lp loss functions. These criteria measure the sum of the pth powers of the absolute values of all factor loadings to encourage sparsity in the factor structure. To address the nonsmooth nature of this objective, we develop an iteratively reweighted gradient projection algorithm that achieves high accuracy with significantly reduced computational cost compared to penalised estimation techniques. We further establish novel identification conditions for the Lp rotation estimator, allowing for a small proportion of non‑simple items in the true loading matrix. Empirical results confirm that the Lp rotation criterion consistently outperforms classical rotation methods when the underlying factor structure is sparse. To support valid inference, we also propose a methodology for computing p‑values for factor loadings under the Lp framework. Building on these p‑values, we incorporate False Discovery Rate (FDR) control procedures—such as the Benjamini‑Yekutieli (BY) and e‑value‑based Benjamini‑Hochberg (eBH) methods—to guide variable selection while controlling the expected proportion of false discoveries. These procedures are demonstrated to remain valid across various experiments. The proposed Lp rotation framework has been implemented in the R package GPArotation, with functions lpT and lpQ available for orthogonal and oblique solutions, respectively. Overall, this thesis offers a unified approach to estimation, identification, and inference in EFA, contributing both theoretical insights and practical tools for sparse and interpretable factor analysis
Essays in market microstructure
Get PDFIn the first chapter, we investigate the hidden costs associated with Guaranteed Volume-Weighted Average Price (G-VWAP) contracts. Using a continuous-time mean–variance model incorporating both permanent and temporary price impacts, we demonstrate that brokers offering guaranteed execution at seemingly attractive terms exploit their market power through strategic timing of trades. Higher permanent price impact encourages brokers to front-load trades, thereby increasing execution prices and embedding hidden costs within the VWAP benchmark. In contrast, increased temporary impact flattens the broker’s trading path, discouraging rapid trades. In the second chapter, we study the implications of inverted exchanges on liquidity provision, particularly in the presence of high-frequency traders. Inverted exchanges mitigate inefficiencies arising from tick-size constraints by enabling a finer grid. Inverted venues solve the mismatch between an HFT’s price priority and a liquidity demander’s time priority. The model yields testable predictions on HFT activity and relative exchange trading volumes, which we confirm using high-frequency data. In the third chapter (co-authored with Emre Ozdenoren, Jiahua Xu and Kathy Yuan), we examine dominant currencies in Decentralized Finance. Using data collected from Uniswap, we analyze the swapping routes between currency pairs. In line with the dominant currency paradigm, we find that safety is a leading dominance attribute during bust periods, while liquidity is more important during booms. We also find that an active money market, market size, and a currency’s correlation with transaction costs are important determinants for dominance, suggesting essential design choices for future Central Bank Digital Currencies
Psychosocial disability activisms in India: knowledges and practices towards justice, from the margins
Get PDFThis thesis employs intersectionality and disability justice to inform a study of how activists with psychosocial disability in India understand and ‘do’ psychosocial disability. It responds to key critiques of existing literature: the absence of an intersectional lens in disability activism; the emphasis on a legalistic rights-based approach in disability; the dominance of the global North in framing the concept of ‘psychosocial disability’; the positioning of persons with psychosocial disability as objects rather than epistemic actors. My research draws on crip and critical disability theorisations as well as my own experiences as a Mad disabled researcher to analyse interviews with activists occupying multiply marginalised socio-political positions, including psychosocial disablement, in India. The analysis of 25 interview texts reveals that at the margins of the mainstream psychosocial disability activism, activists employ ‘psychosocial disability’ as a radical lens to explain, understand, and ultimately challenge oppressive structures such as casteism, fascism and militarisation, the criminal (in)justice system, and cisheteropatriarchy. They grapple with and attempt to resolve the tensions between abolition and reform in ways which bring together radical dreams and everyday practices of care and community-building while simultaneously navigating and negotiating with deeply broken medico-legal regimes. The demands of neoliberalism and fascism within movements present unique challenges for disabled and marginalised activists in India, and they undertake innovative ways to create spaces of liberation within and at the margins of a mainstream movement. The thesis contributes to disability studies and social movement literature by providing an example of what an intersectional liberatory practice can look like, the commitments that inform and animate it, as well as the struggles, challenges, and contradictions which shape it. This thesis invites activists and scholars embedded in movements of all kinds to bring a crip perspective on organising and resistance
God and Mammon: the Dissolution of the Monasteries and its consequences
Get PDFThe Dissolution of the Monasteries was the single largest transfer of wealth in English history between the Norman Conquest and today. It was immediately preceded by the creation of the Valor Ecclesiasticus, a complete survey of all Church property in England. The first paper uses a stratified sample of the Valor to create a georeferenced dataset that allows an unprecedented view into the English monastic system on the eve of its destruction. The dataset presented in this paper fills the crucial gap between aggregate overviews of the monastic system and case studies of individual monasteries, preserving a high level of detail while providing enough data and geographical coverage to ensure generalizability. Using this dataset, I demonstrate the overwhelmingly local nature of the monastic economy despite their long-distance networks, and show that the monastic system as a whole moved enormous quantities of money from the countryside into cities and suburbs. I also quantitatively confirm many of the assertions of previous historians of monasticism, including the Cistercian order’s focus on land revenue, the dominance of well-connected Benedictine houses, and the tight connections between Carthusian monasteries even over huge distances. The second paper investigates the causes of the largest rebellion ever faced by a Tudor monarch: the Pilgrimage of Grace. By combining a dataset of rebel musters and the seats of rebel gentlemen with the Valor data and a shapefile of Northern roads and shipping routes, I provide the first statistical evidence in the long-running debate over the rebellion’s causes. I find that monastic land is the only variable that consistently predicts rebellion: parishes with more monastic land were more likely to rise in rebellion and rose sooner than parishes with less monastic land. In addition, monastic land likely to contain tenants predicts rebellion much more strongly than monastic land likely to have been farmed with hired labor. This finding bolsters the argument of authors like Michael Bush, who see the Pilgrimage as fundamentally motivated by the economic impacts of the Dissolution, specifically the threat of eviction. Finally, the third paper investigates the long-run impacts of the Dissolution on individuals and the wider economy. Using a set of name lists containing status information and a new dataset created from taxation documents spanning three hundred years, I find that surname groups containing monastic land purchasers maintained a substantial wealth advantage well into the nineteenth century. This advantage is visible across a range of measures, including total family wealth, average individual wealth, the wealth of the richest bearer of each surname, and the total number of individuals with a given surname. On the broader economic effects of the Dissolution, the results are more mixed. I find a small increase in tertiary employment in parishes with more monastic land, but these effects do not scale up to the hundred level, making it unlikely that monastic land is associated with higher productivity