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Replication Data for: 'Sleeping with the enemy': Partisanship and tolerance in online dating
No full textReplication Data for: 'Sleeping with the enemy': Partisanship and tolerance in online datin
Data and Code for: Leaders in Social Movements: Evidence from Unions in Myanmar
No full textSocial movements are catalysts for crucial institutional changes. To succeed, they must coordinate members’ views (consensus building) and actions (mobilization). We study union leaders within Myanmar’s burgeoning labor movement. Union leaders are positively selected on both ability and personality traits that enable them to influence others, yet they earn lower wages. In group discussions about workers' views on an upcoming national minimum wage negotiation, randomly embedded leaders build consensus around the union’s preferred policy. In an experiment that mimics individual decision-making in a collective action set-up, leaders increase mobilization through coordination.
The code in this replication package cleans all data sources used in the analysis (Stata and R) and reproduces all the tables/figures provided in the paper and Supplementary Appendix
Cleaning scripts
No full textThis folder contains the data sets to ensure the data sets follow the same coding structure across countries and across waves
Let Me Think About It: How More Choices Boost Charitable Giving
No full textWe ran an online experiment (N=3,200) investigating the effect of choice on charitable giving. Participants were endowed with 200 tokens which represented £2.50 in real money (100 tokens = £1.25). They can then choose whether to donate the money to charities, or whether they will keep it for themselves. They are allowed to donate as much or as little money as they like, and the money donated was sent to the charities after the experiment was completed. Each participant also received a rate of £10/hour participation fee and the experiment was 15 minutes. Participants are allowed to drop out before the experiment proper, an option which 200 participants took. They keep all the money without taking part in the rest of the experiment at all, save for a short demographic questionnaire and a few follow up questions asking why they left. Participants were reassured throughout the experiment that they were allowed to keep all the money for themselves and the experiment was not investigating selfish behaviour. Even when in the experiment proper, donating 0 is always an option. The experiment proceeds as follows. Each participant has two rounds of donations, for each of which they have 100 tokens. You cannot carry tokens over to the second round. In each round, participants are randomly allocated between having a ‘high’ number of charities to donate to (40) and a ‘low’ number of charities to donate to (5). In addition, participants are randomly allocated to one of four treatments which remain the same across the whole experiment (for them): (1) The 1Choice arm, where they can choose one out of a list of charities to donate to. (2) The MChoice arm, where they can split their donation between multiple charities. (3) The 1ChoiceDefault arm, where they can choose only one charity and a default option is pre-selected for them. (4) The Perceived Importance arm, where they see how many charities are devoted to a given cause before they pick it. The Perceived Importance arm is slightly different to the others because there is only one round as the subjects choose the cause out of four categories. There are multiple specific charities and donation purposes within each cause. The causes are: Animal Welfare, Housing and Hunger, Children & Youth, and Health & Medicine. The number of options (5 or 40) within each of these four causes is displayed in the Perceived Importance arm only. After the experiment, participants are asked a series of demographic questions, as well as questions about their choices including their satisfaction, how difficult the choice was, and other candidate moderators/mediators
Data and Code for: The Inverted U-Shaped Relationship between Female Entrepreneurship and Economic Development
No full textIn the World Bank Enterprise Survey, the share of entrepreneurs who are women first rises and then falls with national income, which reverses the well-known U-shaped relationship between female labor force participation and economic development. This paper presents a model of entrepreneurship in which women face disadvantages, including discrimination from workers and household demands on their time, that deter firm formation in the poorest countries. In richer countries, these forces mean that women are less likely to start more complex organizations. In the model, women face the most level playing field in middle-income countries, where the returns to entrepreneurship are high enough to offset gender-based costs and both sexes typically form simple forms. We document three facts that are compatible with the model: male-owned firms are typically much larger than female-owned firms, large firms yield far higher revenues per employee and female-owned firms are more usually in industries with low levels of skilled workers. Despite the entrepreneurship rate’s reversal of the U-shaped link between female labor-force-participation and economic development, female labor-force-participation and the entrepreneurship rate are highly correlated across countries. The female entrepreneurship rate is also strongly associated with female education, weak kinship ties and Buddhism. The following materials include data and codes to replicate the paper
Unequal solidarity: club rules and crisis support in the European polity
Get PDFIs European solidarity during crises due to common or close identities? Or do Europeans punish rule-breaking countries by showing them less solidarity? Research on the determinants of European solidarity increasingly focuses on ‘solidarity to’, how givers' attitudes are shaped by their perceptions of receiving member states. Amongst many, there are two possible channels of solidarity in the EU: either through a common identity or through the perception of deservingness and playing by common rules. We know little about how closely EU citizens' attitudes correlate with the observed behaviours of other countries. This matters because in compound, multinational polities like the EU, preferences for emergency solidarity are rooted in perceptions of shared political community, not thicker identities like in national welfare states. We find that undermining certain common EU rules reduces solidarity, but not all rules and states are equal. European solidarity is thus influenced by an interaction between country identity and rule-breaking: new member states from Central Europe are more punished for breaking the rules, whilst founding member states get a free pass. In line with other findings in the experimental literature, the risk is that the European polity is built on fixed identity-differentiated solidarity, rather than liberal egalitarian ideals
The instrument of private trade finance in the early modern global trade beyond Europe. Introduction to the collection of articles
No full textThis collection of articles focuses on some instruments that served to finance the expansion of private European trade and enabled the European intermediation of global commerce in the early modern period. Because they were distinct from those featured by the financial modernization of northern European economies -i.e. banks, bills and bonds, they have been conventionally assumed as archaic and lacking the efficiency and productivity gains of the modern vehicles and institutions. However, they coexisted, completed the financial architecture of Europe, and allowed a substantial extra-European commerce whose expansion was at the core of the Smithian growth of the period. Their persistence, scope and geographical reach were central for the expansion and integration of markets in the early modern globalization. Yet, their understanding is confined to micro-case studies of trades that reliant in cash payments and remittances were lagging in the innovations that revolutionized financial markets and long-distance commerce. This view also ignores their relevance even for the very European economy. Whilst the origins preceded the commercial expansion of Europe, research of the European trade finance has mostly focused on institutions of corporate models of trade finance and their institutional spillovers to bonds markets and banking infrastructure that developed exceptionally in some European economies. The alternative instrument common to these contribution was probably more ubiquitous than others more “modern” and persisted despite the flaws associated with its relative “archaism”
Schengen surveillance
No full textBy removing checks on borders between European countries while hardening those on the edges of Europe with the creation of the Schengen area, the EU has redrawn borders along civilizational lines
A scenario analysis of financing options for energy retrofits among Irish mortgage holders
No full textThis paper examines household costs and benefits of investing in building energy efficiency. Using a large sample of mortgaged households, we compare long-run benefits (energy and mortgage savings) and costs (loan instalments) across several loan types and scenarios. Our results show that retrofitting generally leads to net lifetime savings for most households. However, these savings are highly dependent on a number of key factors, including energy price assumptions, rebound effects (where energy use increases post-retrofit) and interest rates. In particular, the financial viability of retrofitting improves under scenarios with higher fossil fuel prices and lower electricity prices. Retrofitting through loan financing can create short-term cash flow pressures, where loan repayments exceed energy and mortgage savings, posing a significant barrier for many households. Longer loan terms and, in particular, mortgage top-ups, are the most effective means to smooth costs over time. These findings highlight the importance of tailored financing options and supportive policies to encourage retrofitting at scale, helping Ireland achieve its national climate targets. We note that these results are likely to be at the lower bound of household net benefits, as they do not account for increased wealth (higher property value) or improved comfort and health, all of which can be substantial
Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report: volume 3 civil engineering, implementation and sustainability
Get PDFVolume 3 of the FCC Feasibility Report presents studies related to civil engineering, the development of a project implementation scenario, and environmental and sustainability aspects. The report details the iterative improvements made to the civil engineering concepts since 2018, taking into account subsurface conditions, accelerator and experiment requirements, and territorial considerations. It outlines a technically feasible and economically viable civil engineering configuration that serves as the baseline for detailed subsurface investigations, construction design, cost estimation, and project implementation planning. Additionally, the report highlights ongoing subsurface investigations in key areas to support the development of an improved 3D subsurface model of the region. The report describes the development of the project scenario based on the ‘avoid-reduce-compensate’ iterative optimisation approach. The reference scenario balances optimal physics performance with territorial compatibility, implementation risks, and costs. Environmental field investigations covering almost 600 hectares of terrain—including numerous urban, economic, social, and technical aspects—confirmed the project’s technical feasibility and contributed to the preparation of essential input documents for the formal project authorisation phase. The summary also highlights the initiation of public dialogue as part of the authorisation process. The results of a comprehensive socio-economic impact assessment, which included significant environmental effects, are presented. Even under the most conservative and stringent conditions, a positive benefit-cost ratio for the FCC-ee is obtained. Finally, the report provides a summary of the studies conducted to document the current state of the environment