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Public policies and femicides during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from São Paulo, Brazil
No full textWith the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, concerns arose that stay-at-home policies could exacerbate Violence Against Women (VAW). Evidence shows an increase in calls to domestic violence helplines in several countries. However, limited economic studies have investigated the pandemic’s effects on femicides, the most extreme form of VAW. This paper examines the effects of social isolation measures and emergency aid policies implemented during the COVID-19 outbreak on femicides in São Paulo, Brazil. Using daily femicide data from 2016 to 2020, a social isolation index, and monthly employment and emergency cash transfer data, we estimate fixed-effects models. Our findings reveal that the probability of femicide more than doubled (0.32 p.p.) during periods of pronounced isolation (March-April 2020). The impact was more significant in poorer municipalities, where male job losses drove this increase. However, the provision of emergency aid in poorer areas, which covered 29.8% of the population in these areas, mitigated this harmful effect, reducing it by more than twice the magnitude of the employment shock. These results underline the interplay between economic conditions, social policies, and gender-based violence during crises
Can the student speak? Voicing identities and experience in UK higher education
No full textIn recent years, HEIs have been under increased pressure to address persistent and significant educational inequalities. Within the current context of managerialism and ‘audit', universities are required to demonstrate how they are working to improve educational outcomes. We have also witnessed a return to research and policy which draws on the concept of student voice. In this paper, we question the epistemological foundations and effects of such Voice work. We argue that we need to reconfigure the ways in which identity, experience and representation are understood and mobilised through Voice work within the neoliberal university. Despite the evident commitment of staff and students to improving education, we suggest that current iterations of Voice work are fundamentally flawed. We argue that we should move away from simplistic categories of ‘the student’ and focus more on collaborative forms of speaking in order to challenge the processes and practices that sustain educational inequalities
An ‘accidental revolution’ with experimental currencies in Song China, 960-1279 AD
No full textThis chapter investigates reasons why China suddenly broke off from its foregone tradition of agrarian dominance and opted for manufacturing and commerce. This new choice led to an array of changes geographically, demographically, commercially, and fiscally. It also opened China up internationally. But China did not plan these changes ex ante. They all happened accidentally through trial and error
AI systems designed for children
No full textTo gain insights into how artificial intelligence systems and robotics can be designed with children’s rights in mind, Ayça Atabey and Sonia Livingstone spoke to Waseda University’s Professor Toshie Takahashi, as part of their work on AI and child rights at the Digital Futures for Children centre .Toshie has been researching AI since 2016, when she recognised the profound influence AI has on the lives of children and young people, and felt a strong need to examine this relationship from a cross-cultural perspective. She has launched two major international projects: “A Future with AI” (in collaboration with the UN) and “Project GenZAI” (as part of Japan’s Moonshot R&D Program), focusing on global comparative research on AI and children and young people
Financing universities - is there a way out of the maze?
No full textUniversities are in a financial pickle. Home fees are not enough to cover the cost of teaching home students, while the number of foreign students and the fees they are charged cannot rise much further. To add to that, the Government is now proposing a 6 per cent levy on tuition fees from foreign students in order to fund other education and skills programmes. Nicholas Barr argues that the only way out of this financial dead end for universities is for the Government to recoup more money from student loans than it currently does
Confessions of a Luddite teacher: a case for edtech pessimism
No full textSwimming against the tide in a higher education environment replete with learning technology, Anna Lukina has adopted an unconventional approach in her classroom
Association of dementia diagnosis, cognitive impairment levels, and their combination with care costs among publicly funded long-term care recipients
No full textBackground and objectives: Most people with dementia are undiagnosed and rely heavily on long-term care. Little is known about the relationship between dementia diagnosis and care costs, and inconsistent evidence exists on the cost implications of cognitive impairment severity. We examined how formal and informal care costs are associated with a dementia diagnosis and cognitive impairment levels across care settings. Research design and methods: We used representative data from publicly funded long-term care recipients in residential care settings and community care settings in Hong Kong (n = 1,603). Staff time measurement was used to capture service utilization of both formal and informal care. Generalized linear model (log-link and gamma distribution) was used to estimate long-term care costs, controlling for covariates. Results: A dementia diagnosis is associated with an additional 13% and 23% care costs in residential and community care settings, respectively. People with more severe cognitive impairment incur greater long-term care costs; the highest difference (a 189% increase) was found in informal care costs in community care settings among those with moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment. In community care settings, formal care costs were insensitive to cognition status but were consistently higher with a dementia diagnosis; in contrast, informal care costs were less associated with a diagnosis but increased with cognitive impairment severity. Discussion and Implications: Having a diagnosis of dementia and poorer cognition are associated with higher long-term care costs in both residential and community care settings. A dementia diagnosis is potentially a more important driver of formal care costs than cognitive impairment levels within the current care system, in contrast to what is observed with informal care costs. Practitioners and policymakers need to ensure that individuals with cognitive impairment without a dementia diagnosis receive the appropriate level of care
The suffragette movement and civil liberties
No full textThe extent to which the English common law protected civil liberties in the past is widely debated. Were the judges protectors of core freedoms such as liberty and the right to protest or were they allies of the executive in their hostility towards them? Since at least Dicey, the common law has had a vision of itself as the former, but what does practice reveal? This article explores the many ways in which the advocates of female suffrage in the 10 years or so before the First World War interacted with executive and judicial authority in their effort to use what they saw as their ancient freedoms to protect their campaigning for the vote for women. The suffragette campaign generated a series of conflicts between the judicial and executive branches of the state while also testing the depth of the common law’s commitment to civil liberties
Bridging generations: intergenerational transfers and time use in a changing world
No full textThis Special Issue brings together nine papers that examine how families allocate time and money across generations. Spanning aging societies in East Asia to informal settlements in the Pacific, the contributions employ diverse methodological approaches, from natural experiments and policy variation to administrative data linkage and cross-generational panel surveys. The findings converge on a central insight: intergenerational transfers of time and money are not merely cultural practices, but systematic responses to changing economic environments and institutional frameworks. Family decisions are critical to the provision of long-term care, investment in children’s human capital, and the transmission of preferences, opportunities, and well-being across generations. Together, these studies highlight the importance of household economics for understanding and addressing the policy challenges of demographic transition, rising care demands, and the complex interplay between family resources and intergenerational outcomes
