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‘Social macro’: a new frontier for climate risk
No full textClimate-related social risks lie at the heart of a just transition. Addressing them is increasingly being recognised as a key aspect of climate policy and financial risk management, write Alexander Weston and Judith Tyson
The material basis of gender-based violence and its circuits: a political economy perspective on postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textBringing into dialogue the continuum of violence and circuits of violence perspectives, this chapter provides a structural explanation of post-conflict gender-based violence against women. Homing in on the political economy of post-conflict transition, it argues that the intersections between local and global dynamics and between formal and informal actors in post-conflict society account for a material basis of enduring violence against women. This argument challenges the existing scholarship and questions the conceptual separation of the global and local and of the formal and informal processes of post-war political and economic transition and of their protagonists. The analysis of femicide and other former of gender-based violence against women in post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina demonstrates how women’s marginalized socio-economic position increases their vulnerability to male dominance and violence, while attesting to the gendered nature of the post-war politico-economic transitions. This argument is examined empirically with reference to the cumulative effects of the inter-related dynamics of economic governance failures, neoliberal transition, informality and criminal economy in the aftermath of war
Budget 2025: how to cure the UK's low productivity
No full textProductivity powers economic growth and shapes living standards. Yet the UK continues to falter on both counts. Low productivity and weak investment have become defining features of the economy, and this year’s Budget will once again confront this challenge. Aadya Bahl explores how the 2025 Budget can shape future growth and help pull Britain out of its productivity slump
Utility models and other forms of sub-patent protection
Get PDFWhile national rules regarding the scope, availability and issuance of utility models vary from country to country, most utility model regimes offer protection for tangible products, with many, but not all, jurisdictions excluding processes, biological materials and computer software from the scope of protection. The duration of utility model protection ranges from five to fifteen years, with most countries offering ten years of protection. In most countries, utility model applications are not formally examined and must simply disclose the product in question. Given the lack of examination, obtaining utility models is generally viewed as faster and cheaper than obtaining patents. This combination of speed and cost, in theory, makes utility models potentially attractive to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that cannot afford to obtain full patent protection. Similar considerations have also been raised as advantageous to innovators in low-income countries
How UK SMEs can build stronger relationships with China
No full textChina is not just a manufacturing destination; it is a market of 1.4 billion consumers and a vital source of investment for British firms
Critical stocks, critical stakes: the effectiveness of critical mineral stockpiles in mitigating supply risks to energy, security and information
Get PDFThe digital and energy transitions, together with renewed rearmament, are driving up demand for critical minerals such as lithium, cobalt, copper and rare earth elements. These materials are vital for low-carbon energy, digital infrastructure and defence systems. Supplies are highly geographically concentrated and exposed to geopolitical tensions; their scale-up has been slow. Governments are therefore seeking greater security of supply, including through stockpiling schemes as a buffer against disruption
Understanding the climate–nature nexus and its implications for the economy and financial system
Get PDFNature degradation and climate change are deeply interconnected crises that reinforce each other, exacerbating risks for the economy, financial system and societal wellbeing. This relationship is often described as the climate–nature nexus. • We identify five interactions within the climate–nature nexus: (1) the physical impacts of climate change contribute to nature degradation; (2) the physical impacts of nature degradation contribute to climate change; (3) climate mitigation and adaptation efforts can contribute to nature degradation; (4) environmental policy and legislation can delay the roll-out of climate mitigation projects; and (5) conserving nature can contribute to climate adaptation, mitigation and resilience. • For policymakers, adopting a systemic approach to the climate–nature nexus is no longer optional: considering climate and nature separately or sequentially in monetary, financial, economic and fiscal policymaking will leave blind spots in risk assessments, reduce the effectiveness of policy interventions, and overlook opportunities for co-benefits. • Central banks and financial supervisors need to improve their understanding of the risks and opportunities associated with the climate–nature nexus and adapt current tools or create new approaches to better take them into account. For example, nature degradation should be incorporated alongside climate change in supervisory expectations, risk assessments and scenario analyses. • Ministries of Finance sit at the heart of government decision-making and have a range of levers at their disposal to address the climate–nature nexus, including developing better decision support tools (e.g. natural capital accounting), broadening green taxonomies to include nature, catalysing cross-departmental work on harmful subsidy reform, and integrating nature criteria into public spending screening
Socio-political attitudes in Spain (2023)A dataset based on an original survey (N=1500+) conducted by YouGov
No full textThis dataset captures the responses of over 1500 participants in Spain to an original online survey.
This online survey was designed by a group of experts in populism from Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED, Madrid), King's College London, Univerity of York, Universidad Diego Portales, Chile, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and University of Liverpool.
The survey contains over a hundred items:
Socio-demographic items: education, age, religion, gender, employment
Populism items: including Akkerman et al.'s 2014 scale of populist attitudes, and a new items corresponding to a new multi-dimensional scale of populist attitudes (Olivas Osuna 2021; Olivas Osuna et al. forthcoming) (32 items)
Items related to trust on institutions and media (9 items)
Items related to satisfaction with the functioning of democracy, services and institutions (7 items)
Authoritarian values (Feldman and Stenner 1997)
Liberal democratic values (Zanotti and Rama 2021)
Authoritarian personality indexes (Hibbing 2020)
Conspiracy theories (3 items)
Nationalism (5 items)
Nativism (Young et al. 2019)
Affective polarisation
Support for political party (past vote and vote intention)
Left-right ideological self-placement
Other socio-political questions.
Fieldwork was conducted by YouGov Spain in February 2023. This surveys was part of the following projects: Populism and Borders: a Supply- and Demand-Side Comparative Analysis of Discourses and Attitudes (PBSDCA) and Principal Investigator Interdisciplinary Comparative Project on Populism and Secessionism (ICPPS).
The uploaded files contain:
Detail of survey results (.sav)
Questionnaire (.doc)
Summary of results (.xls)
Fieldwork summary file (.pdf