107159 research outputs found
Sort by
Interventions to improve quality of life for informal caregivers of people with dementia nearing the end of life: a meta‐review and system‐based logic model
Get PDFBackground: Informal caregivers play a critical role in supporting people with dementia nearing the end of life and are at risk of stress, burden and depression. Despite this, evidence gaps exist on the optimal interventions for caregivers. This meta‐review aimed to identify, appraise and synthesise evidence on interventions designed to improve the quality of life of informal caregivers. Method: Epistemonikos, MEDLINE, and ASSIA were searched for reviews published between 1980 and April 2024. Quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2, and a narrative synthesis was performed. Analysis was conducted through a palliative care lens and involved charting concepts and components of dementia palliative care to caregiver interventions. Outcomes were then categorised based on whether dementia care or palliative care was the main approach and then linked to intervention concepts and evidence strength. Implementation requirements were mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), culminating in the development of a system‐based logic model. Result: Ten systematic reviews, covering 138 primary studies with 4,000 participants were included. Seven reviews had palliative care as the main approach and three were dementia focused. Interventions were grouped into three categories: psychosocial, educational and decision‐making. These interventions aligned with almost all the identified key concepts of dementia palliative care, particularly holistic assessments, person‐centered care and education. Caregiver outcomes were identified and grouped into five categories: (1) psychosocial, (2) skills (3) relationships, (4) communication, and (5) care planning. Palliative care focused reviews emphasised communication and decision‐making, whereas dementia focused reviews were more concerned with skills and coping. Meta‐analyses supported educational interventions in reducing depression, and decision‐making aids in lowering decisional conflict. The overall evidence quality was low and the reported strategies for implementing interventions were limited. A logic model was developed which detailed the essential context, processes and outcomes for implementing integrated dementia palliative care. Conclusion: Integrated dementia palliative care for caregivers requires multifaceted interventions. Combining dementia care and palliative care approaches addresses the distinct yet complementary concepts of dementia palliative care, while also impacting a broader range of caregiver outcomes and offering a more holistic approach. Future research is required on developing standardised outcome measures, cost effectiveness and implementation
The gatekeepers of global health knowledge: a systematic review of diversity in editorial boards
Get PDFEditorial boards (EBs) can shape global health research by determining what is published, which methods are legitimised, and whose knowledge is prioritised. The persistent underrepresentation of scholars from minoritised backgrounds raises concerns about which researchers and types of knowledge may be systemically disregarded. This review consolidates all evidence on EB diversity, highlighting how power and representation are distributed in global health publishing. Five databases were searched from inception to 30 July 2025, with no language restrictions. Eligible studies included primary, peer-reviewed, quantitative studies examining diversity among EB members in global health journals. Of the 266,669 records screened, 226 specifically addressed EBs, analysing a median of 15 (IQR: 5.0, 41.0) journals and 859 (IQR: 374.0, 2754.0) editors. Most studies examined gender (n = 213) and geographic representation (n = 53), with limited assessment of race and ethnicity (n = 16), academic rank (n = 12), sexual orientation (n = 3), and disability (n = 1). Despite incremental gains, EB members and editors-in-chief were predominantly men based in high-income countries, particularly the US. A supplementary analysis of 603 studies on global health authorship found similar patterns. The composition of EBs reflects and may perpetuate systemic epistemic inequities. Addressing this requires structural reform beyond improving representation to ensure meaningful inclusion, accountability, and equitable governance
Judging
No full textWhat do judges actually do? What is the everyday reality of judging in civil matters? What falls under the rubric of judging? Written by a legal academic and former judge, this book offers a cogent and accessible account of what it means to be a judge in senior courts and those dealing with smaller claims. Drawing on judicial experiences and the social sciences, Judging is split into two parts. Part I examines the three fundamental values of judging - independence, impartiality, and integrity - and draws out the implications of these for everyday judging. It covers judicial guidance and codes of practice, structural protections for judges, and the behavioural rules for judges both in and away from court. Part II of the book turns to the legal and policy framework for judging, judgecraft, and judicial decision-making. This includes judicial appointments, work conditions, fact finding, litigants in person, ex tempore decisions, and the influences on decisions. Comprehensive and unique, the book demonstrates that the complex work of a judge extends beyond decision-making to matters such as managing cases, other judges, and judicial systems
Who Lost Russia? The 1990s revisited
No full textThere is a view now widespread in much of the Western academic debate on Russia that the 1990s was a decade of missed opportunities in which the West “lost” Russia either by failing to take account of its security needs or by not being generous enough as Russia made the painful transition away from a command economy toward capitalism. This chapter does not refute this argument in its entirety. What it does suggest is that even though more might have been done, the West very soon discovered that the scale of the challenge facing it was beyond its capacity to manage the transition there with any degree of certainty about the outcome. Indeed, if Russia was “lost” as claimed, then this probably owed less to poor policy choices made in Western capitals—though there were plenty of these—and more to the nearly impossible task of building a functioning market democracy on the foundation of a disintegrating empire in economic free fall following nearly seventy years of authoritarian communist rule
Politics of trash: how waste management can build trust in cities
Get PDFPoor solid waste management doesn’t just have environmental costs – it can also erode citizens’ trust in their government’s ability to provide public services. Lessons from a new Cities that Work synthesis paper – including matching technology to context, integrating informal actors, and sequencing financing and enforcement – can help policymakers manage urban waste and strengthen municipal legitimacy
Early modern periodizations and their Philosophical consequences: figuring the seventeenth-century Ming-Qing transition as a philosophical problem
No full textRegulation
No full textRegulation is a pervasive feature of contemporary capitalism. How to ensure, in democratic states, that those to whom regulatory power and functions have has been delegated act in line with constitutional norms and values is a perennial, and much explored, question. This chapter seeks to do two things: first to set out a framework for analysing regulatory systems, and second, to use that framework to explore how constitutional actors seek to regulate, or more specifically to constitutionalise, the regulators they have created. In using a regulatory framework to analyse this element of constitutional systems, it thus proposes to ‘flip’ the usual perspective, and not just look (down) at regulatory systems from a constitutional perspective, but also look (up) at constitutions from a regulatory perspective. This flipped perspective will be used to conceptualise constitutions not from the starting point of established constitutional, legal or political theory but from a particular regulatory theory, that of decentred or polycentric regulation, and to explore the different ways in which ‘regulators are regulated’ through the interplay of the constitutional governance system with the regulatory systems it creates: through the goals and values each seeks to pursue, the techniques, organisations and individuals through which each acts, the particular sets of ideas or cognitive and epistemological frameworks those actors bring, and with a continual need both for, and in constant pursuit of, trust and legitimacy in the eyes of those on whose behalf they purport to govern
Essays in macroeconomic policy and behavioural bias
Get PDFThis thesis comprises three papers that examine the tension between macroeconomic policy and retirement policy in the context of behavioural bias. In the first paper, joint work with Patrick Moran, we develop a theoretical model to assess the distributional and welfare implications of granting early access to retirement accounts as a means of stimulating consumption, contrasting this approach with traditional fiscal stimulus measures. Using a heterogeneous agent model, we demonstrate that while household liquidity policy is an effective and popular stimulus tool, it burdens the poorer and more present-biased workers with the future costs of stimulus, making it more regressive than conventional fiscal policy. In the second paper, we explore how self-control issues influenced participation in an early withdrawal program during the COVID–19 pandemic, confirming that such behavioural factors played a significant role—a critical insight given that the typical illiquidity of retirement systems is often justified by concerns over individuals’ self–control limitations. In the third paper, I compare two approaches to modelling present bias— quasi-hyperbolic discounting and temptation preferences. By recasting the latter in continuous time, I can directly compare the two frameworks, showing that quasi–hyperbolic discounting is a special case of temptation preferences under some common assumptions. Whilst being behaviourally equivalent, they are not welfare equivalent and so distinguishing between them is important. Differences in the behaviour of biased agents who are sophisticated provide opportunities for identification between the two approaches