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Essays in applied economics using novel data and AI measurement
No full textThis thesis examines the transformative role of artificial intelligence in applied economics research and measurement. Chapter I surveys recent advancements in AI-powered economic measurement, positioning these tools as instruments that expand the domain of measurable economic phenomena. The chapter discusses how large language models enable economists to extract signals from vast amounts of unstructured data while addressing methodological challenges unique to AI-based measurement. The subsequent chapters present three original research contributions which deploy AI tools and novel data to address contemporary questions relevant to policy makers. Chapter II analyses the shift toward remote work using an innovative approach to classify over 250 million job vacancy postings across five English-speaking countries. By developing a specialized language-processing model that achieves near-human accuracy, the research tracks remote work patterns at unprecedented granularity, revealing insights that challenge conventional understandings of remote-work suitability. Chapter III introduces the AI-generated Production Network (AIPNET), which maps granular network structures spanning more than 5,000 product categories. Using a novel “build-prune” methodology with generative AI, the analysis reveals shifts in global trade patterns and production localization, showing movement toward more centralized upstream products and providing causal evidence of onshoring responses to supply shocks. Chapter IV investigates bank failures’ effects on firm performance by applying AI to process hundreds of millions of loan documents, developing insights into how financial shocks affect small and medium-sized enterprises during both crisis and non-crisis periods. Together, these chapters demonstrate how AI-powered measurement techniques extend the frontier of applied economics while maintaining econometric rigor, contributing both methodological innovations and substantive findings on pertinent contemporary economic questions
Data and Code for: Disrupting Drug Markets: The Effects of Crackdowns on Rogue Opioid Suppliers
No full textThis paper estimates the impacts of doctor crackdowns on the quantity demanded of prescription opioids, across-market substitution, and across-product substitution. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in the timing and location of administrative actions, I find that cracking down on a single doctor decreases county-level opioid dispensing by 10%. This decline persists across space and grows over time. Additionally, significant heroin substitution occurs, yet overall overdose mortality decreases. These results highlight a critical tradeoff policymakers should consider with targeted crackdowns: reductions in the flow of new users must be balanced against the harm that arises when existing users substitute to more dangerous drugs
Additional file 1 of Universal health coverage in fragile and conflict-affected States: insights from Somalia
No full textAbstract Introduction Achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, which focuses on health, and more specifically SDG 3.8—universal health coverage (UHC)—by 2030 remains a critical objective for all nations. This paper presents an updated evaluation of Somalia’s progress toward UHC. Additionally, by identifying key barriers to achieving UHC in Somalia, this study offers insights that may be valuable for other conflict-affected and post-conflict countries striving to improve healthcare access and financial protection. Methodology To assess Somalia’s progress at various levels, we developed a UHC index incorporating access to essential healthcare services and financial risk protection. Furthermore, we employed standard analytical methods, including equity analysis and logit modelling, to examine the key factors influencing both healthcare access and the financial burden associated with seeking medical care. Results With an overall UHC index score of 33.5, Somalia ranks lowest among the countries previously analysed. While there is some regional variation in UHC scores, these differences are not as pronounced as the disparities in poverty rates, resulting in a weak correlation between regional socio-economic development (measured by poverty levels) and overall UHC performance. Equity analysis highlights that socio-economic status, educational attainment, and, to a lesser extent, healthcare infrastructure significantly contribute to disparities in access to essential health services, favouring wealthier populations. Additionally, financial risk protection analysis indicates that the most economically disadvantaged groups are at a higher risk of experiencing catastrophic healthcare expenditures. Implications Given Somalia’s ongoing security challenges, achieving SDG 3.8 by 2030 remains a formidable task. However, targeted interventions that address key determinants—such as household income, education levels, and healthcare infrastructure—could help improve access to essential health services and reduce financial barriers to care
Replication Data for Winning Hearts and Minds? How the United States Reassured During the Russo-Ukrainian War
No full textThis contains the replication files for "Winning Hearts and Minds? How the United States Reassured During the Russo-Ukrainian War." (2025-07-14
Digital technology and regional income inequality: are better institutions the solution
No full textThe do file (ABRP_dofile) and the related dataset (ABRP_db) describe how to obtain the tables of our paper "Digital technology and regional income inequality: are better institutions the solution".
The aim of the paper was to examine the effect of regional digital technology (including computing, communication equipment, software, and databases) on income distribution at the regional level. We aim to fill a gap in existing research by exploring the moderating role of formal and informal institutions —such as bonding and bridging social capital— in shaping how digital technology affects income inequality across European NUTS2 regions from 2006 to 2016. The results indicate that regions with greater access to digital technology are prone to higher levels of income inequality. However, this negative link is mitigated by strong formal and informal institutions, particularly through improved government effectiveness and bridging social capital. The findings are robust to potential endogeneity concerns, as demonstrated by the instrumental variable approach adopted
Replication Data for: Attention and Political Choice: A Foundation for Eye Tracking in Political Science
No full textReplication data
Replication Data for: Invitation Letters Increase Response Rates in Elite Surveys: Evidence From Germany and the United Kingdom
No full textReplication materials for "Invitation Letters Increase Response Rates in Elite Surveys: Evidence From Germany and the United Kingdom" (2025-03-21
The European Parenting Leave Policies (EPLP) Dataset
No full textThe European Parenting Leave Policies (EPLP) Dataset covers maternity, co-parent, paid parental, and job-protected leave regulations across 21 European countries for 55 years, spanning the period from 1970 to 2024. The dataset primarily focuses on policies that shape the length of leave for mothers and their co-parents. It provides harmonised data that enables comparisons of policies both across countries and over time, including 35 variables and country-specific reform linelines.This upload includes both the full documentation and the accompanying workbook. The documentation serves as a guide to understanding and working with the EPLP dataset by explaining its scope, data collection guidelines, definitions, and assumptions. It also includes the dataset’s codebook, an overview of country-specific reforms that affected statutory leave duration, and the main reference sources, which consist of legal documents, official government websites, and secondary literature.The workbook contains the dataset itself, additional notes to support accurate interpretation, and the complete list of reference sources. Together, the documentation and workbook provide a comprehensive toolkit for researchers, policymakers, and others interested in exploring parenting leave duration policies in Europe using quantitative approaches. The EPLP Dataset has been developed with great care. However, as with any large-scale data collection effort, some missing information or inadvertent errors may still be present. Feedback, corrections, or suggestions for improvement are welcome and will help enhance the quality and reliability of future updates.
List of countries: Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdo
Reversed Realities at 30 – reproductive rights and the right-wing backlash
Get PDF2024 marked the 30th publication anniversary of Naila Kabeer‘s groundbreaking book, Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought, which exposed deeply ingrained gender biases in development theory and policy. In this essay, she reflects on how the book’s discussions on the gendered division of unpaid labour, fertility rates and the struggle for reproductive rights resonates today. Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought. Naila Kabeer. Verso Books. 1994
Preserving value in the face of climate change: a pluralist account
Get PDFThe main purpose of climate policy is to preserve what is valuable in the face of dangerous changes to the climate. It must do so urgently. This urgency means that we cannot hope to change deeply held and widespread beliefs about value in time. Instead they ought to be, and can be, accounted for in policymaking. This thesis explores how a pluralist account of value can inform climate policy without falling into some of the pitfalls faced by traditional environmental ethics. I focus on some commonly held pluralist and anthropocentric beliefs about value and the impact they ought to have on key questions of climate policy, so that what is most valuable is preserved. I defend the widespread view that some things have irreplaceable value. I identify the class of things that have the strongest claim to such value, and argue that climate policy ought to give priority to their preservation. Another claim about value that I explore and defend is that the autonomy of future people is both valuable and something we can protect and advance today. I argue that we can make sense of the kinds of options future people will require to be autonomous, even if we cannot predict their conceptions of the good. Finally, I explore the widespread anthropocentric view that there is no value that is independent of humans. I argue that this view cannot be used to justify environmentally harmful policies, and that it does not on that account need to be avoided in policymaking