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352 - Round table discussion on migration and health economics: bridging evidence gaps for informed policy and practice
Get PDFWKS 37: Round Table discussion on Migration and Health Economics: Bridging Evidence Gaps for Informed Policy and Practice, B302 (FCSH), September 5, 2025, 09:00 - 10:00 Rationales and Purpose The field of migration health is increasingly relevant due to globalization, aging European workforce, displacement from crisis regions, and climate-induced migration. Beyond the humanitarian duty to ensure healthcare access for vulnerable groups, questions arise about scope and economic cost of services. Evidence suggests that exclusion from care can be more costly than inclusion, yet data gaps hinder evidence-based policymaking. Stronger collaboration between experts in migration, health, and health economics is needed to strengthen the evidence base. This workshop aims to explore ways to foster research cooperation and identify priority topics for advancing equitable, sustainable healthcare policies. Workshop-Process The session will follow round table format. After short introductions, panelists from health economics, policy, public health, and migration health will share insights from their work. A panel discussion will examine what kind of economic evidence is needed to improve decision-making and health outcomes for migrants and refugees. Participants will then split into groups to discuss: which economic evidence is still missing, how to promote interdisciplinary, international cooperation to obtain it, how to prepare findings for policy and practice. The workshop will conclude with group presentations and wrap-up by the facilitators. Projected Learning Outcomes The workshop highlights the role of health economics in migration health and the need for cross-sector collaboration. Participants will define evidence gaps and how to link findings with policymaking to improve healthcare for migrants and refugees
Machine says go, Doctor says no: an ecological momentary assessment analysis examining clinicians’ perceptions of, and their antibiotic prescribing behaviour when using rapid molecular diagnostic tests in intensive care
No full textBackground: Rapid molecular diagnostics such as the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (the Pneumonia Panel) can improve antibiotic stewardship by supporting doctors to make more targeted antibiotic prescribing decisions faster compared to routine microbiology. However, factors influencing how these test results translate to individual prescribing decisions are poorly understood. The INHALE randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the application of the Pneumonia Panel to manage suspected hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonias (HAP/VAP) in English intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This behavioural study examines clinicians perceived and actual antibiotic prescribing behaviour, within the INHALE RCT. Methods: Clinicians treating ICU patients completed brief questionnaires within 24 h of their prescribing decision for intervention-arm cases (N=159), exploring factors influencing their decision and perceptions about the test results. Actual prescribing behaviour was extracted from the trial database. A 4-block hierarchical logistic regression identified predictors of prescriptions being consistent with Pneumonia Panel results. Results: 65% (N=104) of prescribing decisions were consistent with Pneumonia Panel results. The test result itself was a dominant factor: 88% (N=98) of decisions were consistent when results were positive (pathogens found). However, only 13% (N=6) of decisions were consistent when no pathogens were detected. Consequently, clinicians were often reluctant to eschew initial antibiotics or de-escalate early where appropriate, ‘erring on the side of caution’. Clinicians perceptions, specifically the speed of results, concurrent antibiotic treatment, the patient having additional confirmed evidence of infection, and believing the patient is unlikely to have a non-respiratory infection predicted prescribing decisions being aligned with test results (all p<.05). Conclusions: Findings have implications for the roll-out of rapid diagnostics in practice, particularly regarding the management of negative results. Implementation strategies need to be behaviourally intelligent, connecting with how clinicians think and behave
Adapting to change: climate displacement, women's challenges, and pathways to empowerment in Iraq
Get PDFClimate change poses substantial challenges for climate-displaced women in developing countries, where limited education and social norms can hinder access to labour markets, social integration and political engagement. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a training programme on displaced women’s willingness to engage with and participate in the labour market, social networks and political activities within local communities. Using rich pre-and post-training survey data from 36 women displaced by climate shocks from southwestern Mosul, our findings show that women’s willingness to work or start a business increases significantly after the training, as does their willingness to engage with elected officials to address displacement-related challenges. However, we do not find evidence of improved willingness to integrate with host communities, reflecting women’s perceptions of limited support in their host communities and highlighting the challenges of climate displacement. Our findings highlight the need for local and national governments to expand educational and vocational programmes for climate-displaced women while also investing in host communities to reduce social tensions and promote inclusive recovery
Women, law and climate resilience: closing the gap in Iraq's legal framework
Get PDFIraq is among the world’s most climate-vulnerable states, facing severe heat, desertification, dust-storms, rising salinity and water scarcity. These harms also serve to deepen existing gender inequalities in the country, with women, particularly those from rural and displaced communities, carrying disproportionate burdens – from lost livelihoods and health risks to early marriage, violence and exclusion from decision-making. Yet Iraq’s environmental laws remain gender-blind, outdated and weakly enforced. This paper, informed by lived experiences and comparative insights, considers this legal invisibility in climate frameworks. Combining legal mapping with insights drawn from 26 interviews with women in rural and urban areas, activists, lawyers, journalists and officials across ten provinces in Iraq, our research explores this disconnect between abstract ideas of the law. By mapping Iraq’s domestic laws and international obligations, our paper examines how gendered climate-harm is recognised (or rendered invisible) by the legal system. We argue that Iraq’s environmental instruments, including the 2009 Environmental Protection and Improvement Law No 27, constitutional Article 33, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and 2024–2030 Strategy, are poorly enforced and detached from women’s lived realities, which should be urgently addressed
The UK's Warm Homes Plan: options for public loan schemes
Get PDFDecarbonising domestic heating is one of the most challenging elements of the UK’s net zero transition. The largest single challenge is to replace around 23 million gas boilers with low-carbon heating technologies – i.e. those that use electricity generated from renewable sources rather than gas. Heat pumps are the primary tool for low-carbon heating and are central to the sector’s electrification. Although well-established internationally, the proportion of households in the UK with a heat pump is among the lowest in Europe. This policy insight reviews different potential loan models for households purchasing heat pumps, in the context of the UK Government having allocated £5 billion of ‘financial transactions’ to the Warm Homes Plan, exploiting the flexibility offered by its new balance sheet fiscal target
Unlocking climate capital for emerging markets and developing economies: an adaptive regulatory and policy reform agenda
Get PDFThe transition to net zero cannot be won without a massive redirection of global capital towards emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) – encompassing both mitigation and adaptation finance. These countries face annual external financing needs in the order of US$1.3 trillion by 2035, yet international flows remain a fraction of that. This discussion paper sets out a comprehensive, sequenced and politically ambitious agenda of regulatory, policy and institutional reforms to help close that gap. The author outlines a set of reforms to overcome the impediments limiting the flow of climate finance into developing countries
Fiscal and structural resilience building responses to inflation during the 2022-23 energy crisis: a comparative analysis of the approach of the EU and three European countries
Get PDFBetween 2022 and 2023, Europe experienced an inflationary crisis driven by gas supply disruptions following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and compounded by postCOVID pandemic supply chain shocks. To support traditional monetary policy tools in combatting inflation, Member States of the European Union deployed a range of so-called ‘unconventional’ fiscal policies aimed at protecting consumers from the increase in energy prices and limiting the pass-through of inflation to the wider economy. These fiscal policy measures were accompanied by a set of structural resilience building measures aimed at addressing the supply disruption in gas markets by improving the EU’s capacity to act in cases of extreme shortages and reducing the risk of future supply shocks
Global solidarity levies to finance the low-carbon transition: introducing a new negotiation simulator tool
No full textBy targeting high-emission, international activities such as shipping and aviation, introducing global solidarity levies would align environmental integrity with fiscal innovation and help close the gap in climate financing for developing countries. This commentary sets out the case and presents a new revenue simulator that assesses the real-world potential of such levies
Environment: Heat, a History: Lessons from the Middle East for a Warming Planet, by On Barak
No full textHeat, History: Lessons from the Middle East for a Warming Planet, by On Barak. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2024. 328 pages. 29.95 paper, e-book